Informatics and Law


Jur.Logic, Arg., Knowl. Rep. (Sem. 1)

Learning outcomes

Understand legal reasoning.Know the main arguments of the legal universe of discourse.
Analyse the use of arguments in the context of legal decisions.
Distinguish between formal and informal logics.
Introduce notions of mathematical logic to be used in the analysis of the validity of reasoning.
Show applications to the analysis and representation of legal information.

Syllabus

LAW
1. Legal Logic and Argumentation
1.1 Discourse analysis and reference worlds
1.2 Propositions and syllogisms
1.3 Rhetoric and Argumentation
1.4 Deductive and analogical arguments
1.5 Argumentation, reasoning and communication
1.6 Propositional logic and predicative logic
1.7 Logic operators on legal decision
1.8 Legal ontologies
INFORMATICS
2. Logic
2.1 Propositional Logic
2.2 Modal Logic
2.3 Deontic Logic
3. Computational Logic
4. Knowledge Representation
5. Reasoning Systems
6. Logic Based Argumentation

Teaching methodologies and evaluation

Individualized teaching: guided study; assignment teaching; teaching per module.
Socialized teaching: small groups discussion; guided discussion; brainstorming; lecture.
Social and individualized teaching: project; problems; search.
Mandatory contact sessions.
This curricular unit (CU) is built up from two modules: Law and Informatics.
To be granted approval, students must submit to practical and/or theoretical exams in each module.
The final grade of each module will result from a weighted average of every evaluation instruments used.
The final CU grade will result from a weighted average of the grades of each module.

Bibliography

Marie LaureMathieu-Izorche, "Le raisonnement juridique", PUF - Presses Universitaires de France, 2001.
Charles Perelman, "LogiqueJuridique", Dalloz, 1999.
R. Hipinen, "Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings", D. Reidel, 1981.
Christopher J. Hogger, "Essentials of Logic Programming", Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990.
Ivan Bratko, "PROLOG: Programming for Artificial Intelligence", 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley Longman
Publishing Co., Inc., 2000.
Hélder Coelho, "A Inteligência Artificial em 25 lições", Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.
Stuart Russel, Peter Norvig, "Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach", 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall
International, Inc., 2003.

Privacy and Data Protection (Sem. 1)

Learning outcomes

Data Protection and Provacy on legal and computer science approach
Fundamental Rights in European Union Law
Critical consideration of a fundamental right to provacy and data protection
Computer Science approach to security issues.
Recent developments on Ambient Intelligence and Profiling
Security issues in Privacy and Data Protection and understanding of relations betwwen technology and security
and the role of technology in an effective application of legal rules.
Constitutional approach to Data Protection Law - its relation with fundamental rights and personality rights
Data Protection and its main principles

Syllabus

1. Informatics, Information Society and Law
2. Privacy and Data Protection in European Union Law
3. Security and Informatic privacy
4. The Law of Data Protection
5. Reasoning Systems
6. Logic Based Argumentation

Teaching methodologies and evaluation

Individualized teaching: guided study; assignment teaching; teaching per module.
Socialized teaching: small groups discussion; guided discussion; brainstorming; lecture.
Social and individualized teaching: project; problems; search.
Mandatory contact sessions.
This curricular unit (CU) is built up from two modules: Law and Informatics.
To be granted approval, students must submit to practical and/or theoretical exams in each module.
The final grade of each module will result from a weighted average of every evaluation instruments used.
The final CU grade will result from a weighted average of the grades of each module.

Bibliography

Autores Vários “Reinventing Data Protection?), Serge Gutwirth, Yves Poulet, Paul de Hert, Cécile de
Terwangne, Sjaak Nowt (Eds.) Springer 2009
Catarina Sarmento e Castro “Direito da Informática – Privacidade e Dados Pessoais”, Almedina 2005
A. Michael Froomkin “The Death of Privacy?”, Stanford Law Review, vol. 52, May 2000, Nr. 5
Jerry Kang “Information Privacy in Cyberspace Transactions”, Stanford Law Review, vol. 50, April 1998, Nr. 4

Cyber Crime (Sem. 2)

Learning outcomes

Provide an active learning opportunity of the basic assumptions of criminal liability in the context of cybercrime,
of its characteristics and manifestations in the international, european and national legal instruments.

Syllabus

Characteristics of cybercrime:
- Configurations and complexity of cybercrime;
- Organized crime;
- Motivations;
- The problem of skills (intellectual) of the criminals;
- Décalage between the imagination of offenders and the security schemes;
- Fighting cybercrime: the role of the state, companies, the providers of products and services, the users and
computer engineers.
Cybercrime and its expression in the international, european and national legal scene:
- Computer and communications fraud;
- Computer misrepresentation;
- Damage of programs or other computer data;
- Computer sabotage;
- Illegitimate access;
- Illegitimate interception;
- Illegitimate reproduction of protected program.

Teaching methodologies and evaluation

Classroom sessions are mandatory. Theoretical and theoretical-practical lectures are dedicated to the
appreciation / discussion of a topic.
The evaluation of the student's achievement is done through written exams (partial and final). Eventually, for
students wishing to improve their grades or for those who do not attain a minimum score of 10, but have at least
8, there will be oral examination. For students who opt for continuous assessment, in addition to partial exams,
there may be paper presentations.

Bibliography

Dieter Gollmann. 2006. Computer Security. Wiley.
Charles Pfleeger and Shari Pfleeger. Security in Computing, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall.
CARVALHO, Taipa de, Direito Penal, Parte Geral (Questões Fundamentais), 2.ª ed., Porto, 2008;
COSTA, José de F., “Algumas reflexões sobre o estatuto dogmático do chamado ‘Direito Penal Informático’”, in
Revista Jurídica da Universidade Moderna, ano 1, n.º 1, 1998, p. 47;
DIAS, Figueiredo, Direito Penal, Parte Geral, Tomo I, Questões Fundamentais. A Doutrina Geral do Crime, 2007;
DIAS, Figueiredo (dir.), Comentário conimbricense, Parte Especial, Tomo II, Artigos 202.º a 307.º, 1999, pp. 328333;
DIAS, Pedro Simões, “O "hacking" enquanto crime de acesso ilegítimo. Das suas especialidades à utilização
das mesmas para a fundamentação de um novo Direito”, in José de Oliveira Ascensão et al., Direito da
Sociedade da Informação, vol. VIII, Coimbra Editora,2009;
MENDES, Paulo de Sousa,“A responsabilidade de pessoas colectivas no âmbito da criminalide"

Online Conflict Resolution (Sem. 2)

Learning outcomes

The student, by the end of the unit, should be able to:
- Understand the specific characteristics of alternative conflict resolution as well as the advantages and
disadvantages of its migration to virtual environments;
- Understand the role played by Technology in online conflict resolution;
- In the context of a somewhat complex problem, decide about the applicability the use of an alternative (or
online) conflict resolution process, evaluating the advantages that from its use may come and determine the
necessary conditions for the viability of the process;
- Clearly define the objectives of an alternative (or online) conflict resolution system, identifying the class of the
problem, defining the method of development and evaluation to follow and applying the techniques and/or
models more adequate for the problem resolution;
- Evaluate the functionalities of online conflict resolution systems in terms of relevance, performance, efficiency
and cost-profit relationship.

Syllabus

Informatics
- On-Line Dispute Resolution
- Conflict and Types of Conflict
- Theory of Negotiation
- Supporting Technologies
- Applications (Division of Assets, Labour Law, Consumer Law)
- Ontologies for Knowledge Representation
The Law
- The Alternative Dispute Resolution

Teaching methodologies and evaluation

Mandatory presencial sessions
presentation of an individual written assigment on any of the subjects considered
Possibility of option, according to the professor's view, for a written test

Bibliography

Arno Lodder, John Zeleznikow ?Enhanced Dispute Resolution Through the Use of Information Technology,
Cambridge University Press, 2010
Goodman, J.W, The pros and cons of online dispute resolution: an assessment of cyber-mediation websites, in
Duke Law and Technology Review, 2003.
Carneiro D., Novais P., Andrade F., Zeleznikow J., Neves J., Online dispute resolution: an artificial intelligence
perspective, Artificial Intelligence Review, Springer, ISSN: 0269-2821, DOI: 10.1007/s10462-011-9305-z, 2012.
Fernandez,Elizabeth, Um Juiz de Paz para a Paz dos Juízes in Cadernos de DireitoPrivado, n.º 15, Setembro de
2006.