November NNP 15 CD COMMA COMMA 1996 CD Dear JJ Personal JJ Donor NN : . In IN the DT short JJ while NN since IN Goodwill NNP helped VBD him PRP find VB his PRP$ job NN COMMA COMMA Robert NNP has VBZ learned VBN to TO thoroughly RB clean VB a DT motel NN room NN in IN about RB 40 CD minutes NNS . . His PRP$ job NN objectives NNS call VBP for IN him PRP to TO do VB it PRP in IN 30 CD . . He PRP has VBZ no DT time NN to TO waste VB . . Neither CC do VBP we PRP . . With IN the DT help NN of IN friends NNS like IN you PRP COMMA COMMA Goodwill NNP has VBZ continued VBN to TO adapt VB our PRP$ services NNS to TO meet VB the DT human JJ needs NNS of IN our PRP$ changing VBG society NN . . We PRP do VBP n't RB waste VB time NN as IN we PRP are VBP helping VBG the DT community NN . . And CC we PRP do VBP n't RB waste VB money NN . . The DT gift NN that WDT I PRP am VBP asking VBG you PRP to TO make VB will MD be VB used VBN to TO continue VB our PRP$ mission NN of IN helping VBG people NNS prepare VB for IN COMMA COMMA find VB and CC keep VB jobs NNS . . In IN their PRP$ December NNP COMMA COMMA 1995 CD review NN of IN the DT nation NN 's POS best JJS charities NNS COMMA COMMA U.S. NNP News NNP & CC World NNP Report NNP called VBD Goodwill NNP one CD of IN the DT five CD " '' Standout NNP Good NNP Guys NNPS . . " '' The DT magazine NN stated VBD that IN Goodwill NNP ( ( as RB well RB as IN the DT other JJ standouts NNS ) ) is VBZ " '' uniquely RB effective JJ COMMA COMMA innovative JJ or CC valuable JJ . . " '' While IN I PRP appreciate VBP U.S. NNP News NNP & CC World NNP Report NNP 's POS endorsement NN COMMA COMMA the DT true JJ value NN of IN your PRP$ support NN is VBZ measured VBN by IN the DT way NN Goodwill NNP takes VBZ on RP problems NNS that WDT affect VBP all DT of IN us PRP . . Every DT time NN we PRP help VBP someone NN find VB a DT solution NN to TO their PRP$ employment NN barrier NN COMMA COMMA the DT positive JJ effects NNS radiate VBP throughout IN our PRP$ community NN : : The DT business NN community NN welcomes VBZ not RB only RB another DT worker NN COMMA COMMA but CC a DT consumer NN with IN increased VBN purchasing NN power NN . . Parents NNS act VBP as IN role NN models NNS of IN self-sufficiency NN instead RB of IN dependency NN . . Tax NNP dollars NNS that WDT would MD have VB been VBN spent VBN on IN public JJ assistance NN are VBP saved VBN . . You PRP and CC I PRP know VBP that IN solutions NNS to TO difficult JJ problems NNS do VBP n't RB just RB happen VB . . At IN Goodwill NNP COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ the DT hard JJ work NN of IN staff NN and CC those DT who WP benefit VBP from IN our PRP$ services NNS that WDT produces VBZ the DT kind NN of IN inspiring JJ results NNS I PRP see VBP every DT day NN : : A DT Goodwill NNP staff NN member NN addresses VBZ a DT group NN of IN welfare NN recipients NNS : : " `` You PRP can MD earn VB the DT money NN to TO support VB yourself PRP and CC your PRP$ family NN COMMA COMMA " '' she PRP says VBZ . . " `` You PRP can MD get VB off RP welfare NN . . I PRP know VBP you PRP can MD ... : I PRP did VBD . . " '' A DT participant NN in IN a DT Goodwill NNP program NN rushes VBZ back RB from IN a DT job NN interview NN to TO share VB the DT results NNS with IN his PRP$ classmates NNS in IN our PRP$ desktop NN publishing NN training NN program NN . . once IN his PRP$ tears NNS have VBP subsided VBN COMMA COMMA he PRP confirms VBZ what WP his PRP$ classmates NNS have VBP already RB figured VBN out RP : : he PRP just RB received VBD a DT job NN offer NN -- : his PRP$ first JJ in IN five CD years NNS . . Addressing VBG a DT meeting NN at IN a DT neighborhood NN center NN COMMA COMMA a DT Goodwill NNP staff NN member NN tells VBZ the DT audience NN how WRB Goodwill NNP can MD help VB them PRP find VB and CC keep VB jobs NNS . . On IN his PRP$ way NN home RB COMMA COMMA he PRP shares VBZ the DT story NN with IN four CD people NNS at IN a DT street NN corner NN . . At IN the DT next JJ corner NN he PRP tells VBZ five CD more JJR . . In IN order NN to TO develop VB job NN skills NNS COMMA COMMA a DT man NN with IN some DT serious JJ disabilities NNS begins VBZ working VBG in IN Goodwill NNP 's POS industrial JJ division NN . . It PRP takes VBZ a DT long JJ time NN for IN him PRP to TO gain VB the DT self-confidence NN to TO work VB elsewhere RB in IN the DT community NN . . Eventually RB COMMA COMMA he PRP turns VBZ your PRP$ support NN into IN a DT payoff NN for IN all DT of IN us PRP . . He PRP proudly RB leaves VBZ Goodwill NNP to TO support VB himself PRP . . These DT people NNS and CC their PRP$ successes NNS are VBP real JJ . . Just RB like IN the DT respect NN we PRP 've VBP earned VBN from IN U.S. NNP News NNP & CC World NNP Report NNP . . Just RB like IN the DT impact NN Goodwill NNP 's POS work NN has VBZ on IN our PRP$ community NN . . Real JJ work NN . . Real JJ results NNS . . A DT real JJ difference NN in IN people NNS 's POS lives NNS -- : in IN all DT of IN our PRP$ lives NNS . . The DT people NNS who WP can MD benefit VB most RBS directly RB from IN your PRP$ generosity NN have VBP no DT time NN to TO waste VB . . Neither CC do VBP the DT rest NN of IN us PRP who WP feel VBP the DT positive JJ results NNS of IN their PRP$ success NN . . Your PRP$ support NN helps VBZ provide VB real JJ solutions NNS . . Please UH use VB the DT enclosed VBN response NN card NN and CC envelope NN to TO give VB generously RB to TO Goodwill NNP today NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Jack NNP Dustman NNP Board NNP Member NNP and CC Former NNP Chairman NNP December NNP 10 CD COMMA COMMA 1996 CD Dear JJ Mailhouse NN donor NN reminder NN : . You PRP and CC I PRP have VBP done VBN some DT important JJ work NN together RB . . We PRP 've VBP helped VBD people NNS break VB free JJ of IN the DT welfare NN cycle NN . . We PRP 've VBP found VBN ways NNS for IN people NNS with IN disabilities NNS to TO enter VB the DT workforce NN . . We PRP 've VBP expanded VBN Goodwill NNP 's POS proven VBN methods NNS to TO towns NNS and CC neighborhoods NNS where WRB they PRP are VBP needed VBN most RBS . . Of IN course NN COMMA COMMA we PRP 've VBP played VBN different JJ roles NNS . . You PRP have VBP helped VBN make VB Goodwill NNP 's POS work NN possible JJ with IN your PRP$ previous JJ support NN . . Goodwill NNP has VBZ devised VBN the DT programs NNS that WDT turned VBD your PRP$ investment NN into IN results NNS . . Who WP has VBZ benefited VBN from IN our PRP$ partnership NN ? . Everyone NN has VBZ . . When WRB you PRP and CC I PRP help VBP somebody NN find VB a DT job NN COMMA COMMA one CD more JJR person NN joins VBZ the DT ranks NNS of IN tax NN payers NNS COMMA COMMA fewer JJR tax NN dollars NNS are VBP spent VBN on IN public JJ assistance NN and CC businesses NNS gain VBP another DT consumer NN . . There EX are VBP a DT lot NN of IN barriers NNS that WDT keep VBP people NNS from IN working VBG : : physical JJ and CC mental JJ disabilities NNS COMMA COMMA history NN of IN welfare NN dependency NN and CC lack NN of IN education NN or CC self-esteem NN . . And CC there EX are VBP a DT lot NN of IN people NNS who WP face VBP these DT challenges NNS every DT day NN of IN their PRP$ lives NNS . . So CC our PRP$ work NN must MD continue VB . . Everyone NN benefits VBZ from IN the DT work NN we PRP do VBP together RB . . Many JJ people NNS need VBP our PRP$ help NN . . Please UH continue VB our PRP$ important JJ partnership NN . . Support VB Goodwill NNP with IN a DT generous JJ donation NN today NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA James NNP M. NNP McClelland NNP President NNP November NNP 15 CD COMMA COMMA 1994 CD Dear JJ COMMA . Think VB of IN your PRP$ greatest JJS accomplishments NNS . . Think VB of IN the DT joy NN and CC success NN they PRP bring VBP to TO you PRP and CC your PRP$ loved VBN ones NNS . . Michael NNP Sims NNP felt VBD that DT way NN at IN age NN 39 CD -- : the DT day NN he PRP earned VBD a DT job NN . . Michael NNP was VBD born VBN with IN cerebral JJ palsy NN . . Upon IN entering VBG the DT work NN force NN COMMA COMMA he PRP discovered VBD few JJ job NN opportunities NNS that WDT seemed VBD to TO match VB his PRP$ abilities NNS . . For IN several JJ years NNS he PRP performed VBD packaging NN and CC clerical NN work NN . . His PRP$ most RBS recent JJ job NN lasted VBD only RB a DT year NN before IN cut-backs NNS eliminated VBD his PRP$ position NN . . For IN 18 CD long JJ months NNS Michael NNP could MD not RB find VB a DT job NN . . He PRP resorted VBD to TO public JJ assistance NN dollars NNS to TO survive VB . . Finally RB COMMA COMMA Michael NNP called VBD Goodwill NNP . . At IN Goodwill NNP COMMA COMMA Michael NNP 's POS counselors NNS felt VBD that IN his PRP$ personable JJ demeanor NN could MD be VB a DT major JJ attribute NN and CC identified VBD for IN him PRP a DT possible JJ job-match NN where WRB his PRP$ people NNS skills NNS could MD shine VB . . After IN three CD interviews NNS COMMA COMMA Michael NNP proved VBD that IN he PRP was VBD the DT right JJ person NN for IN the DT job NN . . As IN the DT Clubhouse NNP Monitor NNP at IN Bent NNP Tree NNP Apartments NNPS COMMA COMMA he PRP now RB provides VBZ customer NN service NN for IN 50 CD to TO 60 CD tenants NNS each DT night NN . . At IN last JJ COMMA COMMA he PRP has VBZ found VBN success NN in IN a DT job NN that WDT he PRP loves VBZ . . Now RB his PRP$ goals NNS are VBP set VBN on IN moving VBG up RP in IN the DT company NN . . Every DT year NN COMMA COMMA thousands NNS of IN people NNS come VBP to TO Goodwill NNP . . Like IN Michael NNP COMMA COMMA they PRP share VBP two CD common JJ characteristics NNS . . They PRP face VBP some DT barrier NN to TO employment NN and CC they PRP want VBP to TO work VB . . With IN support NN from IN people NNS like IN you PRP COMMA COMMA they PRP can MD overcome VB their PRP$ barriers NNS and CC earn VB success NN and CC the DT self-sufficiency NN that WDT comes VBZ with IN it PRP . . And CC then RB the DT pay-off NN begins VBZ for IN the DT entire JJ community NN . . Individual JJ successes NNS at IN Goodwill NNP mean VBP fewer JJR persons NNS receiving VBG public JJ support NN and CC more JJR paying VBG taxes NNS . . Last JJ year NN COMMA COMMA participants NNS in IN Goodwill NNP programs NNS earned VBD -- : and CC paid VBD taxes NNS on IN -- : wages NNS of IN nearly RB $ $ 3.5 CD million CD . . Their PRP$ successes NNS at IN work NN also RB saved VBD taxpayers NNS more JJR than IN three CD - HYPH quarters NNS of IN a DT million CD dollars NNS in IN public JJ assistance NN . . The DT savings NNS are VBP counted VBN in IN more JJR ways NNS than IN dollars NNS and CC cents NNS COMMA COMMA however RB . . The DT families NNS of IN the DT new JJ wage NN earners NNS may MD feel VB the DT accomplishment NN in IN terms NNS of IN a DT house NN to TO live VB in IN COMMA COMMA money NN to TO purchase VB food NN -- : without IN food NN stamps NNS -- : and CC the DT beginning NN of IN a DT family NN focused VBN on IN success NN COMMA COMMA not RB hopelessness NN . . Wo MD n't RB you PRP help VB make VB all DT of IN these DT successes NNS possible JJ ? . Please UH send VB the DT largest JJS contribution NN you PRP can MD comfortably RB make VB . . Your PRP$ gift NN will MD help VB give VB new JJ meaning NN to TO the DT word NN success NN -- : for IN people NNS who WP have VBP seldom RB had VBD reason NN to TO use VB the DT word NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA James NNP M. NNP McClelland NNP President NNP Some DT of IN the DT strongest JJS critics NNS of IN our PRP$ welfare NN system NN are VBP the DT people NNS who WP have VBP become VBN dependent JJ on IN it PRP . . Their PRP$ complaint NN : : the DT system NN discourages VBZ working NN because IN unemployment NN provides VBZ benefits NNS that WDT many JJ entry-level NN jobs NNS do VBP n't RB include VB . . That DT 's VBZ where WRB you PRP -- : and CC Goodwill NNP -- : come VBP in RP . . We PRP help VBP people NNS train VB for IN and CC find VB jobs NNS that WDT make VBP it PRP possible JJ for IN them PRP to TO get VB off RP of IN welfare NN . . Last JJ year NN COMMA COMMA Goodwill NNP placed VBD 511 CD people NNS in IN jobs NNS COMMA COMMA more JJR than IN double JJ the DT number NN we PRP placed VBD in IN 1993 CD . . While IN the DT debate NN on IN welfare NN reform NN is VBZ gathering VBG like IN a DT storm NN at IN sea NN COMMA COMMA the DT people NNS who WP need VBP jobs NNS are VBP floundering VBG . . We PRP need VBP your PRP$ support NN to TO continue VB getting VBG people NNS off RP of IN public JJ assistance NN . . Welfare NNP is VBZ not RB the DT answer NN . . And CC welfare NN reform NN is VBZ an DT uncertain JJ solution NN with IN an DT unknown JJ starting NN date NN . . Goodwill NNP works VBZ . . Right RB now RB . . Please UH give VB the DT largest JJS gift NN you PRP can MD to TO Goodwill NNP today NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Jack NNP Dustman NNP Chairman NNP November NNP 27 CD COMMA COMMA 1995 CD Dear JJ Friend NN : . What WP kind NN of IN people NNS benefit VBP by IN your PRP$ contribution NN to TO Pleasant NNP Run NNP Children NNPS 's POS Homes NNP ? . Little JJ ones NNS COMMA COMMA like IN Baby NN Jessica NNP COMMA COMMA caught VBN in IN the DT struggle NN between IN adoptive JJ and CC birth NN parents NNS . . Older JJR kids NNS COMMA COMMA like IN Tracy NNP and CC Kerry NNP COMMA COMMA left VBN homeless JJ after IN a DT recent JJ murder-suicide NN in IN Indianapolis NNP claimed VBD Mom NN and CC Dad NN . . Young JJ adults NNS COMMA COMMA like IN Mary NNP T. NNP COMMA COMMA a DT jobless JJ mother NN of IN three CD COMMA COMMA trying VBG desperately RB to TO keep VB her PRP$ kids NNS out IN of IN trouble NN in IN a DT crime NN - HYPH ridden VBN neighborhood NN . . Real JJ people NNS ! . There EX are VBP thousands NNS more JJR . . Families NNS are VBP being VBG torn VBN apart RB COMMA COMMA and CC too RB often RB COMMA COMMA children NNS are VBP the DT victims NNS . . Kids NNS like IN Tommie NNP J. NNP COMMA COMMA made VBN a DT ward NN of IN the DT court NN because IN of IN repeated VBN beatings NNS by IN an DT alcoholic JJ father NN ; : Alice NNP COMMA COMMA sent VBN to TO a DT group NN home NN to TO get VB help NN because IN of IN severe JJ behavior NN disorders NNS ; : and CC John NNP H. NNP COMMA COMMA a DT recovering VBG alcoholic NN COMMA COMMA rebuilding VBG a DT relationships NNS with IN his PRP$ family NN so IN they PRP can MD live VB together RB again RB . . Pleasant NNP Run NNP Children NNPS 's POS Homes NNP began VBD serving VBG children NNS nearly RB 130 CD years NNS ago RB . . Then RB the DT task NN was VBD to TO help VB children NNS who WP lost VBD parents NNS in IN the DT Civil NNP War NNP . . Today NN COMMA COMMA we PRP serve VBP children NNS and CC families NNS with IN a DT multitude NN of IN problems NNS : : emotional JJ COMMA COMMA physical JJ COMMA COMMA psychological JJ and CC sexual JJ abuse NN . . Some DT come VBP from IN families NNS where WRB COMMA COMMA through IN therapy NN COMMA COMMA there EX is VBZ hope NN for IN reunification NN . . For IN others NNS COMMA COMMA " '' families NNS " '' are VBP the DT counselors NNS are VBP housemates NNS at IN the DT group NN homes NNS where WRB they PRP live VBP . . The DT biggest JJS tragedy NN is VBZ that IN the DT problems NNS do VBP n't RB go VB away RB ; : they PRP only RB grow VBP . . In IN 1994 CD Pleasant NNP Run NNP served VBD 346 CD children NNS and CC 125 CD families NNS . . In IN 1995 CD we PRP will MD serve VB over RB 850 CD children NNS and CC 340 CD families NNS . . In IN 1996 CD COMMA COMMA these DT figures NNS will MD triple VB . . The DT children NNS and CC families NNS who WP come VBP to TO Pleasant NNP Run NNP are VBP given VBN the DT opportunity NN to TO become VB happy JJ COMMA COMMA loving JJ COMMA COMMA and CC productive JJ members NNS of IN our PRP$ society NN . . They PRP welcome VBP the DT chance NN to TO belong VB COMMA COMMA to TO become VB self NN - HYPH sufficient JJ COMMA COMMA to TO regain VB their PRP$ self-esteem NN and CC confidence NN . . Often RB it PRP is VBZ a DT long JJ COMMA COMMA hard JJ struggle NN COMMA COMMA but CC the DT results NNS are VBP well RB worth JJ it PRP . . For IN Pleasant NNP Run NNP to TO continue VB to TO serve VB abused VBN and CC neglected VBN children NNS and CC their PRP$ families NNS COMMA COMMA we PRP need VBP your PRP$ support NN . . The DT Funding NN sources NNS are VBP shrinking VBG COMMA COMMA but CC the DT needs NNS grow VBP explosively RB . . Please UH " '' help VB good JJ kids NNS get VB better JJR " '' by IN sending VBG us PRP a DT contribution NN today NN . . Your PRP$ gift NN will MD give VB children NNS and CC families NNS hope NN for IN improved JJ tomorrows NNS . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Mary NNP Roth NNP June NNP 26 CD COMMA COMMA 1995 CD Dear JJ Friend NN : . This DT is VBZ not RB newsletter NN . . It PRP is VBZ a DT fund NN - HYPH raising VBG appeal NN . . But CC there EX 's VBZ no DT reason NN why WRB we PRP should MD n't RB share VB good JJ news NN at IN the DT same JJ time NN . . Federal JJ COMMA COMMA state NN and CC local JJ governments NNS are VBP freezing VBG or CC withdrawing VBG much RB - HYPH needed VBN funding NN sources NNS for IN people NNS who WP are VBP truly RB in IN need NN . . In IN spite NN of IN that DT COMMA COMMA Pleasant NNP Run NNP Children NNPS 's POS Homes NNP COMMA COMMA with IN the DT help NN of IN hundreds NNS of IN volunteers NNS and CC others NNS who WP really RB care VBP COMMA COMMA continues VBZ to TO make VB a DT significant JJ impact NN on IN the DT futures NNS of IN families NNS and CC kids NNS in IN need NN of IN help NN . . We PRP all DT hear VBP about IN today NN 's POS increases NNS in IN neglect NN COMMA COMMA abuse NN and CC abandonment NN of IN those DT who WP ca MD n't RB fight VB back RP : : children NNS . . Yet CC few JJ of IN us PRP hear VBP enough JJ about IN kids NNS who WP live VBP through IN these DT adversities NNS and CC do VBP make VB the DT grade NN . . The DT positive JJ side NN . . These DT are VBP special JJ children NNS . . They PRP come VBP into IN a DT Pleasant NNP Run NNP program NN ... : whether IN it PRP 's VBZ for IN therapeutic JJ help NN in IN their PRP$ own JJ homes NNS ( ( which WDT nurtures VBZ whole JJ families NNS ) ) COMMA COMMA through IN foster JJ care NN families NNS or CC in IN the DT familial JJ surroundings NNS of IN our PRP$ residential JJ homes NNS . . For IN some DT COMMA COMMA it PRP 's VBZ a DT matter NN of IN weeks NNS or CC months NNS ; : for IN others NNS COMMA COMMA it PRP 's VBZ years NNS . . They PRP leave VBP Pleasant NNP Run NNP COMMA COMMA generally RB COMMA COMMA ready JJ and CC able JJ to TO contribute VB to TO society NN . . We PRP 're VBP proud JJ of IN our PRP$ children NNS and CC all DT that WDT they PRP overcome VBP . . We PRP are VBP a DT not-for-profit JJ COMMA COMMA multi-service JJ agency NN . . We PRP would MD n't RB exist VB if IN the DT need NN were VBD n't RB there RB . . The DT numbers NNS of IN children NNS who WP deserve VBP our PRP$ services NNS are VBP rising VBG ... : as RB quickly RB as IN our PRP$ programs NNS can MD grow VB to TO serve VB them PRP . . Please UH help VB us PRP help VB them PRP . . Pleasant NNP Run NNP Children NNPS 's POS Homes NNP ... : " '' where WRB good JJ kids NNS get VBP better JJR . . " '' Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Mary NNP Roth NNP Tom NNP Hirschauer NNP Dear JJ Friends NNS of IN Pleasant NNP Run NNP : . The DT holiday NN season NN is VBZ the DT time NN of IN year NN when WRB we PRP 're VBP all DT busy JJ buying VBG gifts NNS COMMA COMMA baking VBG goodies NNS COMMA COMMA decorating VBG our PRP$ homes NNS and CC making VBG arrangements NNS to TO be VB with IN family NN and CC friends NNS . . This DT is VBZ the DT time NN of IN year NN when WRB we PRP give VBP thanks NNS for IN the DT warmth NN and CC love NN that WDT surrounds VBZ us PRP . . And CC this DT time NN of IN year NN is VBZ an DT occasion NN to TO remember VB those DT not RB as RB fortunate JJ as IN we PRP are VBP . . Pleasant NNP Run NNP cares VBZ for IN at-risk JJ children NNS and CC families NNS . . We PRP do VBP this DT through IN a DT wide JJ range NN of IN programs NNS including VBG community NN - HYPH based VBN COMMA COMMA therapeutic JJ foster NN care NN COMMA COMMA group VB homes NNS and CC our PRP$ treatment NN center NN . . Many JJ of IN the DT children NNS are VBP victims NNS of IN abuse NN or CC live VBP in IN unstable JJ homes NNS . . Today NN we PRP are VBP asking VBG you PRP to TO take VB a DT few JJ minutes NNS to TO consider VB making VBG a DT contribution NN to TO Pleasant NNP Run NNP to TO help VB the DT 1COMMA500 CD children NNS families NNS we PRP care VBP for IN . . Many JJ of IN the DT children NNS have VBP no DT homes NNS ; : no DT memories NNS of IN joy NN from IN past JJ holidays NNS . . Others NNS are VBP from IN families NNS that WDT are VBP struggling VBG to TO provide VB a DT healthy JJ COMMA COMMA happy JJ environment NN but CC do VBP n't RB have VB the DT resources NNS to TO make VB it PRP possible JJ . . Your PRP$ contribution NN will MD make VB a DT difference NN in IN a DT child NN 's POS life NN . . It PRP may MD help VB a DT family NN stay VB together RB . . It PRP can MD certainly RB make VB happy JJ holiday NN memories NNS . . A DT gift NN to TO Pleasant NNP Run NNP means VBZ the DT children NNS in IN our PRP$ care NN will MD have VB presents NNS to TO open VB . . A DT gift NN means VBZ a DT family NN will MD have VB a DT holiday NN meal NN COMMA COMMA cooking NN utensils NNS to TO prepare VB the DT meal NN and CC dishes NNS to TO serve VB it PRP on IN . . Your PRP$ gift NN will MD go VB beyond IN the DT holiday NN season NN . . It PRP can MD help VB purchase VB clothing NN COMMA COMMA school NN supplies NNS COMMA COMMA books NNS and CC educational JJ tools NNS throughout IN the DT year NN . . Please UH take VB a DT few JJ minutes NNS to TO mail VB a DT donation NN to TO Pleasant NNP run NNP . . Let VB our PRP$ families NNS and CC children NNS know VB that IN you PRP want VBP them PRP to TO have VB the DT same JJ kinds NNS of IN memories NNS of IN the DT holidays NNS you PRP will MD have VB . . We PRP wish VBP you PRP and CC your PRP$ family NN a DT new JJ year NN full JJ of IN joy NN and CC love NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Mary NNP Roth NNP Executive NNP Director NNP It PRP 's VBZ hard JJ to TO believe VB that IN the DT holiday NN season NN is VBZ only RB two CD months NNS away RB . . At IN Pleasant NNP Run NNP COMMA COMMA Inc. NNP we PRP are VBP making VBG plans NNS and CC arrangements NNS for IN our PRP$ children NNS and CC families NNS . . Every DT year NN we PRP seek VBP companies NNS COMMA COMMA organizations NNS and CC individuals NNS to TO sponsor VB one CD or CC more JJR of IN our PRP$ families NNS . . These DT families NNS are VBP participants NNS in IN our PRP$ community NN - HYPH based VBN programs NNS . . These DT programs NNS focus VBP on IN keeping VBG the DT family NN together RB by IN providing VBG counseling NN and CC other JJ services NNS to TO the DT entire JJ family NN . . After IN our PRP$ caseworkers NNS meet VBP with IN these DT families NNS and CC their PRP$ children NNS they PRP often RB find VBP they PRP lack VBP even RB the DT basic JJ necessities NNS such JJ as IN cooking NN utensils NNS COMMA COMMA beds NNS COMMA COMMA cleaning NN supplies NNS COMMA COMMA etc FW . . We PRP meet VBP these DT needs NNS immediately RB . . But CC COMMA COMMA the DT holiday NN season NN is VBZ a DT particularly RB difficult JJ time NN for IN these DT families NNS . . They PRP do VBP not RB have VB the DT resources NNS necessary JJ to TO purchase VB gifts NNS or CC food NN for IN a DT holiday NN meal NN . . We PRP are VBP asking VBG you PRP to TO consider VB sponsoring VBG one CD of IN our PRP$ families NNS for IN this DT holiday NN season NN . . If IN you PRP are VBP interested JJ and CC would MD like VB more JJR information NN COMMA COMMA please UH contact VB Lisa NNP Lusk NNP or CC Marcia NNP Whited NNP at IN 693-9222 CD . . We PRP would MD like VB to TO have VB families NNS matched VBN with IN sponsors NNS no RB later RB than IN xxxx NN . . Thank VBP you PRP for IN considering VBG this DT opportunity NN to TO make VB this DT a DT memorable JJ holiday NN season NN for IN a DT family NN in IN need NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA . Come VBP one CD COMMA COMMA Come VBP all DT to TO the DT Inaugural JJ Jameson NNP Grill NNP The DT only JJ fund NN raising NN event NN in IN the DT world NN where WRB you PRP can MD bring VB your PRP$ entire JJ family NN COMMA COMMA other JJ employees NNS COMMA COMMA or CC maybe RB even RB your PRP$ neighbors NNS . . Saturday NNP COMMA COMMA September NNP 2COMMA NNP 1997 CD COMMA COMMA from IN 2:00 CD p. NN m. NN until IN 7:00 CD p. NN m. NN COMMA COMMA marks VBZ a DT special JJ day NN COMMA COMMA as IN Jameson NNP Camp NNP will MD hold VB its PRP$ first JJ ever RB Jameson NNP Grill NNP . . A DT fund NN raiser NN dedicated VBN to TO you PRP and CC your PRP$ family NN having VBG fun NN !! . For IN this DT event NN COMMA COMMA when WRB you PRP purchase VBP a DT corporate JJ picnic NN table NN COMMA COMMA you PRP will MD be VB able JJ to TO bring VB 16 CD people NNS . . ( ( and CC if IN you PRP need VBP room NN for IN a DT couple NN of IN more JJR COMMA COMMA we PRP can MD swing VB that DT too RB ! . ) ) The NNP Grill NNP will MD feature VB enough JJ activities NNS that IN you PRP and CC your PRP$ kids NNS will MD have VB a DT tough JJ time NN deciding VBG what WP to TO do VB . . From IN basketball NN COMMA COMMA kickball NN COMMA COMMA volleyball NN COMMA COMMA archery NN COMMA COMMA crafts NNS COMMA COMMA an DT egg NN toss NN COMMA COMMA and CC even RB a DT walk NN through IN our PRP$ creek NN COMMA COMMA you PRP will MD have VB plenty JJ to TO do VB to TO get VB you PRP good JJ and CC hungry JJ . . Hungry JJ COMMA COMMA you PRP bet VBP ! . We PRP 'll MD prepare VB a DT hog JJ roast NN and CC hot JJ dogs NNS for IN the DT kids NNS COMMA COMMA with IN all PDT the DT fixings NNS . . In IN addition NN COMMA COMMA we PRP will MD have VB soft JJ drinks NNS and CC a DT raffle NN COMMA COMMA so IN that IN you PRP can MD walk VB home RB with IN a DT great JJ prize NN ! . The DT Jameson NNP Grill NNP has VBZ been VBN designed VBN to TO be VB nothing NN but IN fun NN for IN you PRP COMMA COMMA your PRP$ family NN COMMA COMMA employees NNS COMMA COMMA and CC maybe RB even RB your PRP$ neighbors NNS . . Join VB in IN this DT wonderful JJ event NN and CC help VB Jameson NNP Camp NNP continue VB to TO provide VB the DT year-round JJ support NN that WDT gives VBZ kids NNS a DT chance NN to TO create VB dreams NNS . . Simply RB fill VB out RP the DT enclosed VBN card NN COMMA COMMA and CC we PRP will MD see VB you PRP at IN the DT Grill NNP ! . One CD of IN our PRP$ volunteers NNS will MD be VB contacting VBG you PRP soon RB . . Questions NNS ? . Call VB Pat NNP Bray NNP at IN 241-2661 CD or CC e-mail VB COMMA COMMA jcfundrzr@aol.com NN July NNP 11 CD COMMA COMMA 1997 CD Name NN Address NN City NN COMMA COMMA State NN Zip NN Dear JJ Mr. NN / SYM Mrs. NN Name NN : . We PRP need VBP your PRP$ help NN in IN continuing VBG the DT work NN of IN Jameson NNP Camp NNP . . Jameson NNP is VBZ a DT not-for-profit JJ agency NN established VBN in IN 1928 CD to TO serve VB the DT youth NN of IN central JJ Indiana NNP who WP have VBP special JJ needs NNS . . The DT camp NN offers VBZ summer NN residential JJ programs NNS for IN children NNS from IN ages NNS 7 CD - SYM 17 CD COMMA COMMA and CC continues VBZ contact NN with IN the DT campers NNS and CC their PRP$ families NNS with IN special JJ overnight JJ and CC weekend NN follow-up JJ events NNS during IN the DT school NN year NN . . All DT children NNS who WP attend VBP the DT camp NN are VBP referred VBN by IN social JJ workers NNS COMMA COMMA doctors NNS COMMA COMMA teachers NNS COMMA COMMA counselors NNS COMMA COMMA and CC other JJ professionals NNS . . Many JJ of IN the DT children NNS have VBP learning NN disabilities NNS COMMA COMMA behavioral JJ problems NNS COMMA COMMA or CC come VBP from IN economically RB distressed JJ families NNS . . The DT goal NN of IN our PRP$ organized JJ camping NN experience NN is VBZ to TO improve VB the DT total JJ health NN of IN the DT children NNS socially RB COMMA COMMA emotionally RB COMMA COMMA and CC physically RB . . This DT year NN Jameson NNP Camp NNP is VBZ planning VBG an DT Inaugural JJ fund NN - HYPH raising VBG event NN : : The DT Jameson NNP Grill NNP ! . This DT event NN is VBZ designed VBN to TO be VB fun NN for IN campers NNS COMMA COMMA their PRP$ families NNS COMMA COMMA friends NNS of IN the DT camp NN COMMA COMMA neighbors NNS COMMA COMMA staff NN COMMA COMMA and CC anyone NN interested JJ in IN finding VBG out RP more JJR about IN Jameson NNP . . In IN short JJ COMMA COMMA Fun NN for IN Everyone NN ! . The DT family NN - HYPH friendly JJ event NN COMMA COMMA September NNP 20 CD COMMA COMMA 1997 CD COMMA COMMA will MD include VB a DT hog NN roast NN COMMA COMMA activities NNS for IN kids NNS and CC adults NNS COMMA COMMA prizes NNS for IN activities NNS COMMA COMMA and CC a DT small JJ raffle NN . . Lucky JJ attendees NNS can MD go VB home RB with IN a DT great JJ prize NN . . This DT is VBZ where WRB we PRP need VBP your PRP$ help NN . . Can MD you PRP help VB support VB this DT wonderful JJ event NN by IN furnishing VBG any DT type NN of IN products NNS or CC services NNS that WDT can MD be VB used VBN as IN prizes NNS for IN our PRP$ activities NNS or CC as IN a DT raffle NN prize NN ? . Your PRP$ contribution NN will MD help VB with IN funding NN so IN Jameson NNP Camp NNP can MD continue VB providing VBG the DT year-round JJ camping NN experience NN that WDT gives VBZ kids NNS a DT chance NN to TO create VB dreams NNS . . Enclosed VBN is VBZ a DT form NN you PRP can MD complete VB and CC return VB to TO us PRP in IN the DT postage NN - HYPH paid VBN envelope NN . . Or CC COMMA COMMA you PRP can MD fax VB us PRP at IN 241-2760 CD COMMA COMMA or CC e-mail VB COMMA COMMA icfundrzr@aol.com NN . . Your PRP$ quick JJ response NN will MD help VB us PRP begin VB organizing VBG our PRP$ prizes NNS . . After IN we PRP receive VBP your PRP$ commitment NN COMMA COMMA we PRP will MD contact VB you PRP about IN picking VBG up RP your PRP$ contribution NN . . If IN you PRP have VBP any DT questions NNS COMMA COMMA please UH call VB me PRP at IN 241-2661 CD . . We PRP appreciate VBP your PRP$ support NN of IN our PRP$ first JJ event NN of IN this DT type NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Pat NNP Bray NNP Director NNP of IN Development NNP Help VB Blaze VB The DT Trail NN -- : 1997 CD Jameson NNP Camp NNP Thank VBP you PRP for IN your PRP$ last JJ Annual NNP Fund NNP Gift NNP ! . July NNP 25 CD COMMA COMMA 1997 CD Dear JJ Name NNP COMMA . What WDT a DT Summer NN ! . And CC we PRP 're VBP just RB getting VBG started VBN ! . I PRP hope VBP you PRP 'll MD consider VB continuing VBG your PRP$ support NN of IN Jameson NNP 's POS special JJ campers NNS by IN renewing VBG your PRP$ last JJ gift NN of IN $ $ xxx CD . . I PRP can MD tell VB you PRP we PRP need VBP your PRP$ help NN now RB as RB much RB as IN ever RB before RB . . All DT of IN our PRP$ Six JJ summer NN camping NN sessions NNS are VBP booked VBN to TO capacity NN ( ( and CC COMMA COMMA truth NN be VB told VBN COMMA COMMA with IN maybe RB one CD our CC two CD extra JJ returning VBG campers NNS squeezed VBN in RB ) ) and CC we PRP have VBP a DT waiting NN list NN of IN 60 CD children NNS who WP are VBP hoping VBG to TO come VB if IN a DT spot NN should MD open VB . . Many RB more JJR camper NN referrals NNS are VBP coming VBG from IN new JJ organizations NNS such JJ as IN school NN social-workers JJ and CC family NN counseling NN agencies NNS . . It PRP seems VBZ summer NN options NNS are VBP n't RB readily RB available JJ for IN troubled JJ kids NNS whose WP$ families NNS have VBP limited JJ incomes NNS COMMA COMMA so CC we PRP 're VBP doing VBG all DT we PRP can MD to TO make VB Jameson NNP available JJ . . That DT " '' we PRP " '' includes VBZ the DT Youth NNP Leadership NNP teens NNS . . These DT 60 CD or CC so RB campers NNS have VBP taken VBN on RP a DT fund NN raiser NN with IN a DT goal NN of IN raising VBG $ $ 16COMMA000 CD for IN camperships NNS . . Two CD of IN them PRP told VBD me PRP yesterday NN that IN as IN a DT group NN they PRP decided VBD they PRP had VBD to TO earn VB the DT right NN to TO ask VB others NNS for IN help NN by IN accomplishing VBG something NN real JJ to TO help VB themselves PRP . . And CC that DT 's VBZ from IN kids NNS many JJ people NNS see VBP as IN a DT problem NN . . Even RB after IN the DT summer NN sessions NNS come VBP to TO a DT close NN COMMA COMMA Jameson NNP campers NNS will MD take VB part NN in IN year-round JJ programs NNS designed VBN to TO keep VB that DT positive JJ contact NN with IN peers NNS and CC role NN models NNS alive JJ and CC important JJ . . We PRP 've VBP scheduled VBN more JJR than IN 15 CD follow-up JJ camper NN weekends NNS beginning VBG in IN September NNP and CC going VBG around RB till IN next JJ summer NN 's POS camping NN season NN . . Please UH COMMA COMMA consider VBP renewing VBG your PRP$ support NN of IN these DT great JJ kids NNS today NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Julie NNP Marsh NNP Executive NNP Director NNP June NNP 10 CD COMMA COMMA 1997 CD Name NN Address NN City NN COMMA COMMA ST NN Zip NN Dear JJ Mrs. NNP Name NNP COMMA . Confidence NN . . An DT understanding NN that IN COMMA COMMA above IN anything NN else JJ COMMA COMMA success NN requires VBZ genuine JJ effort NN COMMA COMMA a DT willingness NN to TO set VB challenging JJ goals NNS . . Caring VBG about IN others NNS . . These DT are VBP the DT attributes NNS we PRP want VBP all DT children NNS to TO have VB . . You PRP help VBP Jameson NNP campers NNS reach VB for IN them PRP . . If IN these DT special JJ children NNS are VBP to TO become VB the DT adults NNS we PRP all DT need VBP them PRP to TO be VB COMMA COMMA we PRP have VBP to TO lead VB them PRP in IN the DT right JJ direction NN right RB now RB . . Jameson NNP points VBZ the DT way NN for IN children NNS who WP need VBP that DT extra JJ hand NN and CC I PRP hope VBP you PRP 'll MD continue VB your PRP$ support NN this DT year NN . . Your PRP$ last JJ gift NN of IN $ $ 50.00 CD helped VBD make VB it PRP possible JJ for IN us PRP to TO provide VB guidance NN COMMA COMMA encouragement NN and CC fun NN to TO nearly RB 400 CD Indianapolis NNP area NN children NNS . . And CC not RB just RB during IN the DT summer NN COMMA COMMA but CC throughout IN the DT year NN . . What WP has VBZ your PRP$ support NN of IN our PRP$ campers NNS meant VBN to TO them PRP and CC what WP have VBP they PRP been VBN able JJ to TO accomplish VB because IN you PRP care VBP ? . The DT best JJS indicator NN I PRP can MD give VB you PRP of IN the DT positive JJ effect NN our PRP$ year-round JJ contact NN has VBZ is VBZ the DT growth NN in IN and CC deeds NNS of IN the DT Youth NNP Leadership NNP teens NNS . . In IN just RB the DT past JJ few JJ years NNS this DT program NN has VBZ grown VBN from IN a DT few JJ kids NNS and CC a DT few JJ extra JJ activities NNS to TO a DT team NN of IN almost RB 60 CD young JJ adults NNS taking VBG on RP real JJ projects NNS . . YL NNP teens NNS will MD make VB J.C. NNP juniors NNS happen VB again RB this DT year NN for IN 7 CD and CC 8 CD year NN old JJ campers NNS . . A DT five CD day NN camp NN COMMA COMMA J.C. NNP juniors NNS introduces VBZ at-risk JJ children NNS to TO Jameson NNP two CD years NNS earlier RBR than IN we PRP could MD previously RB reach VB them PRP . . That DT means VBZ we PRP now RB have VBP the DT opportunity NN to TO be VB a DT stable JJ COMMA COMMA positive JJ and CC important JJ part NN of IN each DT child NN 's POS life NN for IN an DT entire JJ decade NN . . The DT teens NNS have VBP also RB decided VBN to TO raise VB money NN to TO provide VB camperships NNS for IN other JJ campers NNS because IN they PRP know VBP what WP Jameson NNP has VBZ meant VBN to TO them PRP . . And CC their PRP$ activities NNS are VBP n't RB isolated JJ to TO Jameson NNP . . The DT teens NNS have VBP undertaken VBN a DT volunteer NN project NN to TO regularly RB visit VB with IN sick JJ children NNS at IN a DT local JJ hospital NN . . Please UH consider VB renewing VBG your PRP$ gift NN today NN . . The DT kids NNS need VBP your PRP$ leadership NN now RB more RBR than IN ever RB . . If IN you PRP can MD increase VB your PRP$ last JJ donation NN COMMA COMMA we PRP would MD appreciate VB that DT show NN of IN support NN for IN the DT campers NNS and CC their PRP$ efforts NNS to TO overcome VB obstacles NNS and CC create VB successful JJ lives NNS . . Thank VBP you PRP again RB for IN helping VBG point VB the DT way NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Julie NNP Marsh NNP COMMA COMMA Executive NNP Director NNP July NNP 30 CD COMMA COMMA 1999 CD Dear JJ Name NNP : . Question NN What WP do VBP you PRP get VB in IN 987COMMA165 CD hours NNS with IN 291 CD people NNS in IN 15 CD locations NNS ? . Answer NN 34COMMA700 CD opportunities NNS to TO change VB a DT life NN ! . This DT is VBZ exactly RB what WP happened VBD in IN 1997 CD when WRB Community NNP Centers NNPS of IN Indianapolis NNP provided VBD its PRP$ comprehensive JJ COMMA COMMA neighborhood NN - HYPH based VBN services NNS to TO individuals NNS and CC families NNS all RB over IN Marion NNP County NNP . . And CC we PRP can MD do VB even RB more JJR in IN 1999 CD with IN your PRP$ financial JJ support NN ! . Just RB look VB at IN the DT range NN of IN services NNS we PRP offer VBP : : 70COMMA0001 CD career NN assistance NN for IN youth NN Preschool NN for IN young JJ children NNS School NN Age NN Child NN Care NN for IN and CC children NNS and CC youth NN Access NN services NNS such JJ as IN emergency NN and CC holiday NN assistance NN for IN all DT ages NNS Adult NN Day NN Care NN for IN seniors NNS Senior NN Case NN Management NN Aids NN Education NN for IN youth NN and CC adults NNS Senior NN Social JJ Involvement NN Computer NN Training NN for IN youth NN COMMA COMMA adults NNS and CC seniors NNS Senior NN Nutrition NN meal NN program NN Day NN Care NN for IN young JJ children NNS Social JJ Development NN and CC Recreation NN for IN children NNS COMMA COMMA youth NN and CC adults NNS . COMMA HIPPY NNP ( ( Home NN Instructional JJ Program NN for IN Preschool NN Youngsters NNS ) ) for IN families NNS . COMMA Stopover NN crises NNS counseling NN for IN youth NN . COMMA In IN Home NN Services NNS for IN adults NNS and CC seniors NNS . COMMA Transportation NN for IN youth NN and CC seniors NNS CCI NNP is VBZ a DT federation NN of IN 13 CD neighborhood NN - HYPH based VBN multi-service JJ centers NNS ( ( plus CC one CD affiliate NN ) ) whose WP$ mission NN is VBZ to TO identify VB and CC meet VB the DT human JJ service NN needs NNS of IN the DT greater JJR Indianapolis NNP community NN in IN the DT most RBS effective JJ COMMA COMMA efficient JJ and CC comprehensive JJ way NN possible JJ . . Better RBR yet RB COMMA COMMA most JJS of IN these DT services NNS occur VBP in IN cooperation NN with IN private JJ and CC public JJ agencies NNS from IN all RB over IN the DT city NN - : CICOA NNP The DT Access NNP Network NNP COMMA COMMA Goodwill NNP Industries NNP COMMA COMMA Indianapolis NNP Housing NNP Agency NNP COMMA COMMA City NNP of IN Indianapolis NNP COMMA COMMA Indianapolis NNP Private NNP Industry NNP Council NNP COMMA COMMA Family NNP and CC Social NNP Services NNP administration NN COMMA COMMA OTC NNP COMMA COMMA Indy NNP Parks NNPS COMMA COMMA and CC numerous JJ community NN development NN corporations NNS COMMA COMMA neighborhood NN organizations NNS COMMA COMMA and CC churches NNS COMMA COMMA to TO name VB just RB a DT few JJ . . More JJR than IN 34COMMA000 CD people NNS benefited VBD from IN our PRP$ services NNS in IN 1997 CD COMMA COMMA and CC the DT final JJ count NN for IN 1998 CD could MD be VB even RB higher JJR . . We PRP 're VBP asking VBG for IN a DT contribution NN in IN the DT amount NN of IN because IN you PRP ca MD n't RB get VB a DT better JJR bang NN for IN your PRP$ buck NN than IN to TO support VB an DT organization NN that WDT impacts VBZ so RB many JJ lives NNS in IN so RB many JJ ways NNS . . Your PRP$ gift NN will MD enable VB CCI NNP to TO provide VB these DT and CC other JJ necessary JJ services NNS at IN a DT neighborhood NN level NN COMMA COMMA face NN - HYPH to TO - HYPH face NN COMMA COMMA where WRB it PRP counts VBZ . . Please UH COMMA COMMA make VBP a DT tax NN deductible JJ gift NN to TO Community NNP Centers NNPS of IN Indianapolis NNP in IN 1999 CD COMMA COMMA and CC know VBP that IN COMPANY NNP is VBZ playing VBG an DT important JJ part NN in IN meeting VBG the DT needs NNS of IN its PRP$ community NN . . If IN you PRP have VBP any DT questions NNS COMMA COMMA please UH feel VB free JJ to TO give VB us PRP a DT call NN at IN 638-3360 CD . . We PRP thank VBP you PRP for IN your PRP$ consideration NN COMMA COMMA and CC look VBP forward RB to TO hearing VBG from IN you PRP . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Earline NNP S. NNP Moore NNP President NNP Valery NNP De NNP Long NNP Director NNP of IN Development NNP August NNP 4 CD COMMA COMMA 1999 CD Name NN Address NN City NN COMMA COMMA ST NN Zip NN The DT goal NN of IN MCCOY NNP COMMA COMMA Inc. NNP has VBZ been VBN to TO make VB a DT difference NN . . In IN 1998 CD COMMA COMMA MCCOY NNP COMMA COMMA Inc. NNP led VBD two CD efforts NNS that WDT COMMA COMMA we PRP believe VBP COMMA COMMA will MD help VB our PRP$ community NN continue VB to TO take VB the DT steps NNS necessary JJ to TO help VB all DT young JJ people NNS grow VB up RP and CC develop VB well RB . . Participants NNS in IN the DT Youth NNP Outcomes NNPS Educational NNP Initiative NNP identified VBD three CD goals NNS for IN all PDT our PRP$ youth NN to TO obtain VB : : economic JJ self-sufficiency NN COMMA COMMA healthy JJ family NN COMMA COMMA social JJ relationships NNS COMMA COMMA and CC involvement NN in IN the DT community NN . . A DT short JJ time NN later RB COMMA COMMA the DT Community NNP Youth NNP Mapping NNP Project NNP sent VBD 55 CD young JJ people NNS out RP into IN the DT community NN to TO identify VB the DT resources NNS they PRP need VBP to TO grow VB up RP well RB : : caring VBG adults NNS COMMA COMMA safe JJ places NNS to TO go VB COMMA COMMA and CC positive JJ things NNS to TO do VB . . One CD group NN of IN adults NNS and CC one CD group NN of IN youth NN COMMA COMMA through IN two CD very RB different JJ processes NNS COMMA COMMA have VBP arrived VBN at IN the DT same JJ conclusion NN ; : our PRP$ community NN still RB has VBZ much RB to TO do VB if IN we PRP are VBP to TO help VB ALL DT of IN your PRP$ youth NN successfully RB develop VB into IN the DT responsible JJ COMMA COMMA productive JJ adults NNS who WP will MD our PRP$ community NN in IN the DT future NN . . As IN a DT provider NN of IN youth NN services NNS COMMA COMMA MCCOY NNP COMMA COMMA Inc. NNP is VBZ here RB to TO support VB your PRP$ valuable JJ efforts NNS to TO develop VB young JJ people NNS . . Recently RB COMMA COMMA through IN a DT lot NN of IN hard JJ work NN and CC alliances NNS with IN organizations NNS like IN yours NN COMMA COMMA some DT steps NNS have VBP been VBN taken VBN in IN our PRP$ community NN that WDT will MD help VB young JJ people NNS continue VB to TO be VB involved VBN in IN positive JJ activities NNS . . One LS COMMA COMMA IndyGo NNP in IN April NNP adopted VBD a DT much RB - HYPH needed VBN policy NN that IN all DT young JJ people NNS under IN the DT age NN of IN 19 CD may MD ride VB on IN their PRP$ buses NNS at IN half PDT the DT normal JJ fare NN all DT year NN long RB . . Two LS COMMA COMMA funding NN was VBD made VBN available JJ this DT summer NN for IN youth NN organizations NNS and CC churches NNS to TO conduct VB positive JJ youth NN programming NN on IN Saturday NNP evenings NNS . . Through IN the DT youth NN mapping NN process NN COMMA COMMA it PRP was VBD confirmed VBN that IN the DT positive JJ opportunities NNS for IN youth NN on IN weekend NN evenings NNS were VBD lacking VBG . . That DT need NN is VBZ being VBG met VBN . . As IN it PRP has VBZ been VBN an DT exciting JJ year NN for IN all DT of IN us PRP COMMA COMMA MCCOY NNP COMMA COMMA Inc. NNP can MD not RB do VB its PRP$ part NN without IN the DT support NN of IN organizations NNS like IN yours NNS . . Annually RB COMMA COMMA we PRP ask VBP several JJ of IN our PRP$ youth NN serving VBG organizations NNS to TO join VB us PRP in IN our PRP$ effort NN to TO help VB young JJ people NNS grow VB up RP well RB in IN Indianapolis NNP . . Enclosed VBN is VBZ a DT donation NN card NN that WDT will MD enable VB you PRP to TO make VB Indianapolis NNP a DT great JJ place NN for IN ALL DT of IN us PRP to TO live VB . . If IN you PRP have VBP any DT questions NNS or CC concerns NNS at IN any DT time NN COMMA COMMA please UH do VB not RB hesitate VB to TO call VB me PRP at IN 921-1288 CD . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA John NNP F. NNP Brandon NNP COMMA COMMA President NNP MCCOY NNP COMMA COMMA Inc. NNP January NNP 5 CD COMMA COMMA 1997 CD Name NN Address NN City NN COMMA COMMA ST NN Zip NN Dear JJ Bill NNP : : This DT is VBZ the DT time NN of IN year NN when WRB our PRP$ thoughts NNS turn VBP to TO ways NNS to TO do VB things NNS differently RB COMMA COMMA things NNS that WDT will MD make VB our PRP$ lives NNS better JJR and CC improve VB the DT quality NN of IN our PRP$ life NN . . As IN you PRP begin VBP that DT process NN this DT year NN COMMA COMMA I PRP would MD like VB to TO ask VB you PRP to TO consider VB helping VBG young JJ people NNS in IN Marion NNP County NNP toward IN more RBR positive JJ youth NN development NN by IN becoming VBG a DT supporter NN of IN the DT Marion NNP County NNP Commission NNP on IN Youth NNP COMMA COMMA Inc. NNP MCCOY NNP Inc. NNP COMMA COMMA originally RB founded VBN as IN a DT government NN agency NN but CC re-organized VBN in IN 1993 CD as IN an DT independent JJ not-for-profit JJ COMMA COMMA is VBZ a DT county NN - HYPH wide JJ youth NN services NNS coordinating VBG COMMA COMMA planning VBG COMMA COMMA and CC convening VBG agency NN . . Its PRP$ purpose NN is VBZ to TO encourage VB collaboration NN and CC cooperation NN between IN the DT various JJ agencies NNS COMMA COMMA programs NNS COMMA COMMA and CC systems NNS that WDT serve VBP our PRP$ community NN 's POS youth NN . . In IN addition NN to TO that DT behind-the-scenes JJ role NN COMMA COMMA MCCOY NNP has VBZ taken VBN an DT out-front JJ role NN in IN developing VBG a DT Summer NNP Bus NNP Pass NNP COMMA COMMA neighborhood NN youth NN councils NNS COMMA COMMA and CC the DT We PRP Value VBP Youth NN information NN line NN . . It PRP is VBZ our PRP$ goal NN that IN every DT young JJ person NN in IN Marion NNP County NNP have VB access NN to TO the DT programs NNS and CC services NNS that WDT can MD best RB assist VB them PRP in IN their PRP$ growth NN toward IN a DT positive JJ adulthood NN . . I PRP am VBP hopeful JJ that IN you PRP as IN an DT individual NN and CC Meridian NNP Insurance NNP as IN a DT corporation NN might MD consider VB becoming VBG sustaining VBG supporters NNS of IN MCCOY NNP . . I PRP have VBP enclosed VBN a DT packet NN of IN information NN about IN MCCOY NNP and CC its PRP$ work NN as RB well RB as IN an DT application NN with IN various JJ options NNS for IN supporting VBG the DT youth NN of IN our PRP$ community NN . . I PRP obviously RB ca MD n't RB tell VB the DT whole JJ story NN of IN MCCOY NNP in IN a DT single JJ letter NN but CC I PRP hope VBP this DT provides VBZ an DT overview NN of IN the DT scope NN of IN our PRP$ work NN . . I PRP will MD call VB you PRP in IN a DT few JJ weeks NNS to TO discuss VB your PRP$ level NN of IN interest NN . . Please UH consider VB joining VBG together RB with IN your PRP$ fellow JJ citizens NNS in IN support NN of IN the DT work NN of IN the DT Marion NNP County NNP Commission NNP on IN Youth NNP . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA John NNP Brandon NNP Executive NNP Director NNP October NNP 7 CD COMMA COMMA 1996 CD Name NN Address NN City NN COMMA COMMA ST NN Zip NN Dear JJ Name NNP : . In IN the DT summer NN of IN 1993 CD COMMA COMMA the DT Marion NNP County NNP Commission NNP on IN Youth NNP began VBD what WP can MD best RBS be VB described VBN as IN a DT " '' new JJ era NN " '' in IN its PRP$ history NN . . MCCOY NNP was VBD reorganized VBN as IN an DT independent JJ COMMA COMMA not-for-profit JJ agency NN COMMA COMMA separate JJ from IN local JJ government NN . . It PRP retained VBD COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA the DT same JJ mission NN with IN which WDT it PRP had VBD been VBN charged VBN from IN its PRP$ inception NN : : to TO serve VB as IN a DT catalyst NN for IN effective JJ COMMA COMMA coordinated JJ COMMA COMMA and CC collaborative JJ service NN delivery NN to TO youth NN in IN our PRP$ community NN . . For IN the DT past JJ three CD years NNS COMMA COMMA MCCOY NNP has VBZ been VBN actively RB engaged VBN in IN accomplishing VBG this DT declared VBN mission NN in IN cooperation NN with IN many JJ others NNS : : youth NN service NN providers NNS COMMA COMMA youth NN COMMA COMMA funding NN bodies NNS COMMA COMMA and CC interested JJ citizens NNS to TO name VB a DT few JJ . . We PRP have VBP met VBN with IN a DT number NN of IN successes NNS along IN the DT way NN COMMA COMMA most RBS notably RB the DT Summer NNP Fun NNP Line NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Metro NNP Summer NNP Bus NNP Pass NNP COMMA COMMA and CC the DT development NN of IN ten JJ neighborhood NN youth NN councils NNS . . A DT Providers NNPS Council NNP and CC a DT Youth NNP Coalition NNP are VBP building VBG relationships NNS that WDT will MD hopefully RB bear VB great JJ fruit NN in IN the DT years NNS to TO come VB . . The DT formation NN of IN The DT Community NNP Academy NNP COMMA COMMA a DT pilot NN project NN directed VBN at IN expelled VBN students NNS from IN local JJ school NN systems NNS COMMA COMMA has VBZ come VBN about RP as IN a DT result NN of IN MCCOY NNP 's POS efforts NNS to TO mobilize VB community NN agencies NNS in IN response NN to TO a DT pressing JJ issue NN . . McCoy NNP is VBZ actively RB represented VBN and CC working VBG with IN numerous JJ community NN collaborations NNS where WRB we PRP regularly RB raise VBP our PRP$ voice NN to TO speak VB out RP for IN the DT inclusion NN of IN young JJ people NNS in IN both CC decision-making NN and CC program NN planning NN processes NNS . . One CD concrete JJ example NN is VBZ a DT joint JJ project NN undertaken VBN in IN the DT United NNP Northwest NNP Area NNP in IN partnership NN with IN The DT Junior NNP League NNP of IN Indianapolis NNP and CC Community NNP Partnerships NNPS with IN Youth NNP from IN Fort NNP Wayne NNP COMMA COMMA Indiana NNP . . As IN a DT team NN COMMA COMMA these DT three CD organizations NNS are VBP working VBG with IN neighborhood NN youth NN and CC adults NNS to TO build VB a DT " '' Caring JJ Neighborhood NN with IN Youth NN " '' COMMA COMMA mobilizing VBG the DT assets NNS of IN young JJ people NNS and CC adults NNS as IN partners NNS to TO build VB a DT better JJR neighborhood NN for IN all DT . . Since IN its PRP$ re-organization NN COMMA COMMA MCCOY NNP has VBZ established VBN its PRP$ unique JJ niche NN within IN the DT community NN by IN refraining VBG from IN direct JJ service NN programming NN and CC focusing VBG on IN what WP it PRP does VBZ best RBS : : helping VBG to TO identify VB youth NN needs NNS COMMA COMMA convening VBG groups NNS of IN individuals NNS and CC organizations NNS which WDT can MD address VB those DT needs NNS COMMA COMMA and CC moving VBG toward IN collaborative NN solutions NNS . . McCoy NNP has VBZ only RB one CD interest NN : : the DT well NN being NN of IN Marion NNP County NNP 's POS young JJ people NNS . . McCoy NNP invites VBZ the DT support NN of IN The DT __ NNP Company NNP Foundation NNP in IN the DT amount NN of IN $ $ 10COMMA000.00 CD to TO support VB such JJ activities NNS as IN : : ---- : the DT co-ordination NN of IN youth NN leadership NN training NN and CC youth NN empowerment NN efforts NNS at IN the DT neighborhood NN level NN by IN means NNS of IN neighborhood NN - HYPH based VBN youth NN councils NNS ; : ---- : the DT promotion NN of IN youth NN employment NN opportunities NNS ; : ---- : the DT facilitation NN of IN ongoing JJ discussions NNS regarding VBG effective JJ and CC efficient JJ youth NN service NN delivery NN ; : ---- : the DT provision NN of IN technical JJ assistance NN and CC guidance NN to TO neighborhoods NNS which WDT seek VBP positive JJ youth NN - HYPH adult NN relationships NNS ; : ---- : the DT development NN of IN community NN - HYPH wide JJ supports NNS for IN the DT positive JJ growth NN of IN all DT Marion NNP County NNP young JJ people NNS . . In IN the DT last JJ several JJ years NNS COMMA COMMA the DT business NN and CC corporate JJ community NN has VBZ recognized VBN that IN the DT positive JJ development NN of IN youth NN is VBZ directly RB related VBN to TO the DT development NN of IN a DT competent JJ workforce NN . . Youth NNS who WP are VBP supported VBN and CC encouraged VBN by IN both CC a DT family NN and CC a DT society NN that WDT values VBZ Them PRP have VBP a DT much RB greater JJR likelihood NN of IN becoming VBG productive JJ and CC contributing JJ members NNS of IN adult JJ society NN . . While IN we PRP have VBP made VBN significant JJ inroads NNS COMMA COMMA there EX remains VBZ much JJ to TO be VB done VBN and CC it PRP is VBZ clear JJ that IN we PRP can MD not RB do VB it PRP alone RB . . We PRP seek VBP the DT financial JJ support NN of IN the DT Foundation NNP to TO help VB us PRP be VB successful JJ in IN creating VBG the DT atmosphere NN in IN our PRP$ community NN where WRB young JJ people NNS can MD grow VB and CC develop VB well RB . . Your PRP$ contribution NN will MD enable VB us PRP to TO both CC continue VB and CC expand VB the DT good JJ work NN we PRP have VBP begun VBN in IN making VBG Indianapolis NNP a DT city NN famous JJ for IN its PRP$ commitment NN to TO youth NN and CC families NNS . . In IN our PRP$ fund NN raising NN efforts NNS to TO date NN COMMA COMMA we PRP have VBP received VBN the DT support NN of IN local JJ government NN COMMA COMMA foundations NNS COMMA COMMA and CC corporations NNS as RB well RB as IN the DT personal JJ financial JJ commitments NNS of IN individual JJ MCCOY NNP Board NNP members NNS . . We PRP believe VBP there EX is VBZ no DT more RBR appropriate JJ time NN to TO have VB a DT coordinated JJ and CC collaborative JJ effort NN to TO financially RB support VB the DT services NNS MCCOY NNP offers VBZ to TO the DT community NN as IN a DT whole NN . . Thanking VBG you PRP in IN advance NN for IN your PRP$ support NN COMMA COMMA we PRP remain VBP COMMA COMMA Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA John NNP T. NNP Neighbours NNP Philip NNP B. NNP Roby NNP President NNP Treasurer NNP John NNP F. NNP Brandon NNP Executive NNP Director NNP August NNP 6 CD COMMA COMMA 1998 CD Dear JJ Friend NN : . Adolescence NN . . It PRP is VBZ a DT pivotal JJ time NN in IN the DT life NN of IN a DT young JJ girl NN - : when WRB small JJ changes NNS in IN her PRP$ behavior NN COMMA COMMA or CC the DT choices NNS she PRP makes VBZ COMMA COMMA can MD affect VB her PRP$ future NN . . It PRP 's VBZ hard JJ enough RB for IN her PRP to TO make VB good JJ decisions NNS when WRB she PRP 's VBZ surrounded VBN by IN support NN . . It PRP 's VBZ even RB harder JJR when WRB she PRP is VBZ n't RB . . Big NNP Sisters NNP helps VBZ fill VB that DT void NN by IN matching VBG caring JJ COMMA COMMA responsible JJ adult NN volunteers NNS with IN at-risk JJ girls NNS COMMA COMMA ages NNS 8 CD - SYM 14 CD . . A DT Big NNP Sister NNP is VBZ a DT mentor NN COMMA COMMA a DT friend NN and CC a DT role NN model NN COMMA COMMA helping VBG a DT young JJ girl NN to TO develop VB the DT self-confidence NN and CC life NN skills NNS necessary JJ to TO become VB a DT responsible JJ COMMA COMMA productive JJ and CC successful JJ adult NN . . Your PRP$ $ $ 1COMMA000 CD contribution NN can MD put VB a DT mentor NN in IN a DT child NN 's POS life NN - : and CC hope NN in IN a DT child NN 's POS future NN . . The DT results NNS of IN an DT 18 CD - HYPH month NN study NN completed VBN by IN Public NNP / SYM Private NNP Ventures NNP showed VBD that IN children NNS participating VBG in IN one CD - HYPH to TO - HYPH one CD Big NNP Sister NNP and CC Big NNP Brother NNP matches NNS for IN just RB one CD year NN COMMA COMMA reduced VBD first JJ time NN drug NN use NN by IN 46 CD % NN ; : lowered VBD school NN absenteeism NN by IN 52 CD % NN ; : cut VB aggressive JJ behavior NN by IN 33 CD % NN ; : enhanced VBD school NN performance NN ; : and CC improved VBD relations NNS with IN family NN and CC friends NNS . . This DT is VBZ positive JJ proof NN that IN Big NNP Sisters NNP one CD - HYPH to TO - HYPH one CD mentoring NN program NN helps VBZ change VB lives NNS . . Today NN COMMA COMMA we PRP are VBP offering VBG you PRP the DT opportunity NN to TO help VB change VB a DT life NN . . By IN contributing VBG $ $ 1COMMA000 CD you PRP can MD support VB one CD match NN for IN one CD year NN . . This DT money NN maintains VBZ the DT infrastructure NN that WDT fosters VBZ and CC supports VBZ the DT development NN of IN effective JJ relationships NNS . . This DT includes VBZ a DT volunteer NN screening NN process NN COMMA COMMA orientation NN COMMA COMMA training NN and CC ongoing JJ supervision NN and CC support NN by IN a DT professional JJ staff NN . . As IN a DT Matchmaker NNP you PRP will MD receive VB a DT description NN of IN " '' your PRP$ match NN " '' and CC be VB identified VBN as IN a DT Matchmaker NNP on IN a DT plaque NN in IN the DT Big NNP Sisters NNP office NN COMMA COMMA in IN the DT agency NN newsletter NN and CC annual JJ report NN . . Today NN Big NNP Sisters NNP serves VBZ over RB 1COMMA000 CD girls NNS in IN central JJ Indiana NNP . . But CC for IN each DT girl NN served VBN COMMA COMMA more JJR are VBP left VBN unserved JJ . . Over RB 235 CD girls NNS are VBP currently RB waiting VBG for IN a DT Big NNP Sister NNP . . Imagine VB the DT difference NN the DT community NN could MD make VB if IN each DT congregation NN pledged VBD its PRP$ support NN of IN one CD Big NNP Sisters NNP match NN ! . I PRP encourage VBP you PRP to TO Join VB me PRP in IN presenting VBG this DT matchmaker NN challenge NN to TO your PRP$ congregation NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Dr. NNP Linda NNP McCoy NNP Pastor NNP COMMA COMMA THE DT GARDEN NNP A DT Blossom NN of IN St. NNP Luke NNP 's POS United NNP Methodist NNP Church NNP August NNP 10 CD COMMA COMMA 1999 CD Mr. NNP Caring NNP Philanthropy NNP 01234 CD Giving NNP Way NNP Contribution NNP COMMA COMMA USA NNP 56789 CD Dear JJ Mr. NNP Philanthropy NNP COMMA . " `` The DT urgency NN you PRP feel VBP to TO make VB changes NNS is VBZ just RB the DT extent NN that WDT change NN will MD be VB made VBN . . Do VB not RB sit VB this DT one NN out RP . . Do VB not RB play VB it PRP safe JJ . . Understand VB the DT world NN and CC change VB it PRP where WRB it PRP needs VBZ to TO be VB changed VBN ... . Make VB our PRP$ society NN better JJR . . Make VB a DT world NN worthy JJ of IN the DT children NNS that WDT your PRP$ generation NN will MD bear VB . . " '' -- : Carl NNP Sagan NNP You PRP can MD help VB make VB positive JJ changes NNS in IN the DT lives NNS of IN at-risk JJ youth NN in IN central JJ Indiana NNP . . We PRP often RB hear VBP about IN economic JJ poverty NN COMMA COMMA but CC what WP some DT of IN these DT young JJ people NNS are VBP growing VBG up RP with IN is VBZ emotional JJ poverty NN - : they PRP have VBP often RB given VBN up RP on IN hope NN and CC the DT possibility NN of IN a DT successful JJ future NN . . With IN your PRP$ help NN COMMA COMMA we PRP can MD change VB that DT . . Many JJ Little NNP Sisters NNPS are VBP preparing VBG to TO go VB back RB to TO school NN this DT fall NN full JJ of IN hope NN and CC with IN a DT positive JJ outlook NN . . Thanks NNS to TO our PRP$ Big NNP Sisters NNP volunteers NNS COMMA COMMA these DT young JJ people NNS are VBP self NN - HYPH confident JJ COMMA COMMA believe VBP in IN themselves PRP and CC are VBP beginning VBG to TO realize VB their PRP$ full JJ potential NN . . A DT recent JJ study NN by IN Public NNP / SYM Private NNP Ventures NNP ( ( PPV NNP ) ) showed VBD that IN girls NNS who WP had VBD a DT Big NNP Sister NNP for IN just RB one CD year NN : : reduced VBD first JJ - HYPH time NN drug NN use NN by IN 46 CD % NN lowered VBD school NN absenteeism NN by IN 52 CD % NN cut VBD violent JJ behavior NN by IN 33 CD % NN enhanced VBD school NN performance NN showed VBD improved JJ peer NN and CC family NN relationships NNS Former JJ Little NNP Sister NNP Amy NNP COMMA COMMA now RB 18 CD - HYPH years NNS old JJ COMMA COMMA is VBZ a DT testament NN to TO the DT Big NNP Sisters NNP program NN . . " '' I PRP was VBD matched VBN with IN my PRP$ Big NNP Sister NNP in IN June NNP of IN 1992 CD . . Since IN then RB COMMA COMMA she PRP and CC I PRP have VBP grown VBN very RB close JJ and CC I PRP have VBP been VBN able JJ to TO experience VB lots NNS of IN new JJ things NNS . . We PRP go VBP to TO movies NNS COMMA COMMA dinner NN COMMA COMMA concerts NNS COMMA COMMA and CC other JJ stuff NN like IN that DT COMMA COMMA but CC I PRP have VBP also RB been VBN able JJ to TO participate VB in IN charity NN events NNS and CC fundraiser NN type NN things NNS . . Not RB only RB did VBD I PRP have VB a DT lot NN of IN fun NN with IN my PRP$ Big NNP Sister NNP COMMA COMMA but CC I PRP learned VBD a DT lot NN from IN her PRP too RB . . I PRP have VBP become VBN more RBR open-minded JJ COMMA COMMA more RBR responsible JJ COMMA COMMA and CC COMMA COMMA most RBS importantly RB COMMA COMMA I PRP have VBP gained VBN a DT lot NN more JJR self-confidence NN . . I PRP am VBP very RB thankful JJ to TO the DT Big NNP Sisters NNP program NN for IN allowing VBG me PRP this DT very RB special JJ opportunity NN . . In IN 1998 CD COMMA COMMA Big NNP Sisters NNP served VBD 972 CD young JJ people NNS through IN its PRP$ many JJ programs NNS . . But CC the DT need NN is VBZ still RB great JJ . . Over RB 170 CD young JJ people NNS are VBP still RB waiting VBG for IN a DT mentor NN . . You PRP are VBP an DT important JJ part NN in IN making VBG sure JJ these DT young JJ people NNS are VBP matched VBN with IN caring JJ adult NN mentors NNS . . Will MD you PRP make VB a DT financial JJ gift NN to TO Big NNP Sisters NNP in IN 1999 CD that WDT will MD ensure VB that IN more RBR young JJ people NNS receive VBP the DT guidance NN they PRP need VBP COMMA COMMA that IN more RBR young JJ people NNS stay VBP in IN school NN COMMA COMMA stay VB off RP drugs NNS and CC make VB good JJ choices NNS ? . Your PRP$ contribution NN will MD be VB used VBN to TO recruit VB and CC retain VB quality NN volunteers NNS . . It PRP will MD also RB be VB used VBN to TO help VB maintain VB the DT infrastructure NN that WDT fosters VBZ and CC supports VBZ the DT development NN of IN effective JJ relationships NNS COMMA COMMA including VBG volunteer NN orientation NN and CC training NN and CC ongoing JJ supervision NN and CC support NN by IN a DT professional JJ staff NN . . This DT year NN your PRP$ gift NN can MD go VB farther RB ! . Gifts NNS of IN $ $ 100 CD or CC more JJR will MD be VB matched VBN thanks NNS to TO a DT special JJ 25th JJ Anniversary NNP $ $ 100COMMA000 CD Challenge NNP Grant NNP and CC will MD be VB placed VBN in IN the DT Growth NNP For IN Girls NNP Fund NNP . . This DT fund NN will MD support VB the DT goal NN of IN having VBG 550 CD mentoring VBG relationships NNS by IN the DT end NN of IN 1999 CD and CC 1COMMA200 CD by IN the DT end NN of IN 2004 CD . . If IN you PRP would MD like VB to TO find VB out RP more JJR about IN the DT Big NNP Sisters NNP program NN COMMA COMMA please UH call VB us PRP COMMA COMMA ( ( 317 CD ) ) 634-6102 CD and CC ask VB for IN Ellen NNP Robinson NNP . . Thank VBP you PRP very RB much RB for IN your PRP$ time NN COMMA COMMA attention NN and CC consideration NN . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Andrew NNP T. NNP Burns NNP Patron NNP Relations NNPS Chairperson NNP March NNP 29 CD COMMA COMMA 1999 CD Name NN Address NN City NN COMMA COMMA ST NN Zip NN Dear JJ Name NNP : . The DT 1999 CD Invest VB in IN Youth NN Campaign NNP is VBZ in IN full JJ swing NN . . As IN a DT former JJ board NN member NN COMMA COMMA the DT success NN of IN the DT YMCA NNP is VBZ still RB important JJ to TO me PRP . . We PRP must MD be VB able JJ to TO reach VB all DT youth NN and CC families NNS interested VBN in IN values NNS - HYPH based VBN programs NNS . . The DT Invest VB in IN Youth NN campaign NN helps VBZ insure VB this DT . . New JJ initiatives NNS in IN the DT inner JJ - HYPH city NN are VBP taking VBG hold NN . . The DT Urban NNP Mission NNP Branch NNP is VBZ reaching VBG out RP to TO middle JJ school NN youth NN with IN programs NNS based VBN on IN caring NN COMMA COMMA honesty NN COMMA COMMA respect NN and CC responsibility NN for IN themselves PRP and CC others NNS . . For IN some DT COMMA COMMA these DT are VBP very RB different JJ messages NNS from IN the DT ones NNS heard VBN in IN the DT street NN . . They PRP are VBP learning VBG to TO make VB positive JJ choices NNS concerning VBG alcohol NN COMMA COMMA tobacco NN and CC other JJ drugs NNS and CC to TO support VB each DT other JJ when WRB those DT choices NNS are VBP challenged VBN . . You PRP have VBP shared VBN in IN the DT vision NN and CC the DT leadership NN of IN the DT YMCA NNP of IN Greater NNP Indianapolis NNP . . I PRP now RB invite VBP you PRP to TO continue VB to TO support VB the DT mission NN and CC the DT message NN that WDT is VBZ so RB important JJ to TO building VBG strong JJ kids NNS COMMA COMMA strong JJ families NNS and CC strong JJ communities NNS . . Please UH consider VB joining VBG the DT Chairman NNP 's POS Roundtable NNP with IN a DT gift NN of IN $ $ 1COMMA000 CD . . I PRP have VBP enclosed VBN a DT pledge NN card NN for IN your PRP$ convenience NN . . We PRP would MD like VB to TO announce VB the DT success NN of IN this DT year NN 's POS campaign NN at IN the DT Annual NNP Meeting NNP on IN April NNP 27 CD COMMA COMMA so CC please UH return VB your PRP$ pledge NN or CC gift NN within IN the DT next JJ 30 CD days NNS . . Thank VBP you PRP . . Sincerely RB COMMA COMMA Richard NNP H. NNP Gilbert NNP COMMA COMMA Jr. NNP Past NNP Board NNP Member NNP YMCA NNP of IN Greater NNP Indianapolis NNP Even RB More JJR " '' Proving VBG Rape NN " '' Chatterbox NNP feels VBZ that IN the DT Wall NNP Street NNP Journal NNP editorial NN page NN 's POS coverage NN of IN Juanita NNP Broaddrick NNP 's POS rape NN charges NNS against IN Bill NNP Clinton NNP ( ( see VB " '' Proving VBG Rape NN COMMA COMMA " '' " '' More JJR Proving VBG Rape NN COMMA COMMA " '' as IN well RB as IN Michael NNP Kinsley NNP 's POS " '' Readme NNP " '' column NN in IN the DT current JJ issue NN ) ) cries VBZ out RP for IN the DT introduction NN of IN the DT Scientific NNP Method NNP into IN the DT usually RB mushy JJ business NN of IN assessing VBG press NN responsibility NN . . With IN that DT in IN mind NN COMMA COMMA Chatterbox NNP hereby RB inaugurates VBZ the DT Intellectual NNP Dishonesty NNP ( ( henceforth RB to TO be VB known VBN as IN the DT Indis NNP ) ) Index NNP . . Here RB 's VBZ how WRB it PRP works VBZ : : Publications NNS that WDT refuse VBP to TO acknowledge VB ( ( even RB if IN to TO refute VB the DT importance NN of IN ) ) highly RB significant JJ but CC inconvenient JJ facts NNS in IN their PRP$ news NN or CC opinion NN coverage NN of IN controversial JJ events NNS will MD score VB one CD point NN for IN the DT initial JJ offense NN . . They PRP will MD then RB score VB one CD point NN for IN every DT subsequent JJ issue NN or CC broadcast NN or CC Internet NN posting NN after IN the DT first JJ offense NN is VBZ noted VBN by IN Chatterbox NNP if IN they PRP continue VBP not RB to TO report VB said VBN inconvenient JJ fact NN -- : and CC an DT additional JJ two CD points NNS on IN days NNS when WRB the DT news NN organization NN runs VBZ a DT follow-up NN without IN making VBG note NN of IN said VBN inconvenient JJ fact NN . . Publications NNS receiving VBG a DT score NN of IN 10 CD will MD be VB inducted VBN into IN the DT Indis NNP Hall NNP of IN Fame NNP . . Publications NNS that WDT get VBP all PDT the DT way NN up IN to TO 20 CD will MD be VB faxed VBN a DT likeness NN of IN Joseph NNP Stalin NNP . . ( ( Chatterbox NNP would MD prefer VB not RB to TO invoke VB the DT phrase NN " '' intellectual JJ dishonesty NN COMMA COMMA " '' because IN it PRP 's VBZ pompous JJ and CC falsely RB suggests VBZ that IN only JJ intellectuals NNS can MD be VB intellectually RB dishonest JJ . . But CC Chatterbox NNP does VBZ n't RB know VB any DT other JJ easily RB understandable JJ phrase NN that WDT describes VBZ this DT particular JJ kind NN of IN offense NN . . ) ) For IN the DT purposes NNS of IN this DT survey NN COMMA COMMA the DT Wall NNP Street NNP Journal NNP will MD be VB counted VBN as IN a DT separate JJ and CC distinct JJ publication NN from IN the DT Journal NNP 's POS editorial JJ page NN COMMA COMMA because IN COMMA COMMA in IN essence NN COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ . . The DT Journal NNP editorial JJ page NN continues VBZ not RB to TO acknowledge VB that IN Norma NNP Kelsey NNP COMMA COMMA the DT friend NN and CC employee NN to TO Juanita NNP Broaddrick NNP who WP is VBZ one CD of IN two CD people NNS partially RB corroborating VBG Broaddrick NNP 's POS rape NN accusation NN COMMA COMMA is VBZ the DT daughter NN of IN a DT man NN whose WP$ murderer NN was VBD pardoned VBN by IN Gov. NNP Bill NNP Clinton NNP . . ( ( A DT responsible JJ account NN of IN the DT whole JJ controversy NN in IN today NN 's POS New NNP York NNP Times NNP reports VBZ that IN Kelsey NNP says VBZ the DT pardon NN had VBD nothing NN to TO do VB with IN her PRP$ corroboration NN . . ) ) The DT Journal NNP editorial JJ page NN gets VBZ one CD point NN for IN failing VBG to TO note VB the DT pardon NN in IN its PRP$ initial JJ Op-Ed NNP by IN Dorothy NNP Rabinowitz NNP on IN Feb. NNP 19 CD . . Because IN it PRP has VBZ published VBN three CD times NNS since IN the DT initial JJ omission NN COMMA COMMA it PRP scores VBZ an DT additional JJ three CD points NNS . . And CC because IN it PRP published VBD an DT editorial NN Feb. NNP 22 CD taunting VBG the DT rest NN of IN the DT press NN for IN not RB following VBG it PRP on IN the DT story NN -- : and CC still RB did VBD n't RB mention VB the DT pardon NN -- : it PRP scores VBZ an DT extra JJ two CD points NNS . . That DT comes VBZ to TO a DT total NN of IN six CD . . Chatterbox NNP feels VBZ certain JJ that IN the DT Journal NNP editorial JJ page NN will MD provide VB some DT follow-up NN tomorrow NN to TO tonight NN 's POS NBC NNP broadcast NN of IN its PRP$ own JJ Broaddrick NNP interview NN COMMA COMMA which WDT means VBZ that IN if IN the DT Journal NNP editorial JJ page NN continues VBZ to TO take VB no DT action NN it PRP will MD be VB in IN the DT Indis NNP Hall NNP of IN Fame NNP by IN Monday NNP at IN the DT latest JJS ! . Chatterbox NNP considered VBD but CC rejected VBD the DT idea NN of IN awarding VBG Rabinowitz NNP bonus NN points NNS for IN having VBG " '' eventually RB convinced VBN " '' Broaddrick NNP to TO grant VB an DT interview NN to TO the DT New NNP York NNP Times NNP ( ( as IN the DT Times NNP reports VBZ in IN today NN 's POS story NN ) ) . . But CC the DT Scientific NNP Method NNP does VBZ not RB permit VB any DT tinkering NN with IN the DT Indis NNP Index NNP 's POS scoring NN procedures NNS . . And CC besides RB COMMA COMMA Rabinowitz NNP 's POS efforts NNS on IN the DT Times NNP ' POS behalf NN were VBD n't RB really RB unethical JJ COMMA COMMA just RB puzzling JJ COMMA COMMA given VBN the DT two CD newspapers NNS ' POS intense JJ rivalry NN . . When WRB Chatterbox NNP asked VBD the DT Journal NNP 's POS DC NNP bureau NN chief NN COMMA COMMA Alan NNP Murray NNP COMMA COMMA who WP exercised VBD good JJ judgment NN in IN not RB breaking VBG the DT Broaddrick NNP story NN ( ( and CC -- : full JJ disclosure NN -- : is VBZ Chatterbox NNP 's POS former JJ boss NN ) ) COMMA COMMA to TO comment VB about IN a DT Journal NNP employee NN 's POS feeding NN sources NNS to TO the DT Times NNP COMMA COMMA he PRP replied VBD : : " `` I PRP do VBP n't RB really RB have VB any DT comment NN on IN what WP the DT edit NN page NN did VBD . COMMA They PRP do VBP their PRP$ thing NN COMMA COMMA we PRP do VBP ours NN . COMMA " '' Which WDT is VBZ what WP Journal NNP news NN employees NNS are VBP instructed VBN to TO say VB whenever WRB the DT editorial JJ page NN causes VBZ them PRP cringing VBG embarrassment NN . . For IN her PRP$ part NN COMMA COMMA Rabinowitz NNP explains VBZ to TO Chatterbox NNP that IN her PRP$ efforts NNS on IN behalf NN of IN the DT Times NNP were VBD more RBR indifferent JJ than IN the DT Times NNP made VBD them PRP sound JJ . . " '' Ms. NNP Broaddrick NNP told VBD me PRP Sunday NNP that IN a DT Times NNP reporter NN had VBD appeared VBN at IN the DT house NN in IN the DT a. NN m. NN COMMA COMMA and CC that IN she PRP had VBD refused VBN an DT interview NN COMMA COMMA " '' Rabinowitz NNP writes VBZ in IN an DT e-mail NN message NN . . " `` I PRP asked VBD her PRP why WRB she PRP had VBD decided VBN to TO talk VB to TO the DT New NNP York NNP Post NNP ' '' s POS Steve NNP Dunleavy NNP COMMA COMMA and CC refused VBN a DT Times NNP reporter NN . . She PRP said VBD Dunleavy NNP caught VBD her PRP by IN surprise NN . . She PRP asked VBD if IN I PRP thought VBD it PRP would MD be VB all RB right JJ to TO talk VB to TO the DT Times NNP reporter NN . . I PRP told VBD her PRP it PRP would MD be VB -- : certainly RB as IN all RB right JJ as IN talking VBG to TO Dunleavy NNP . . She PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA ' '' Well UH COMMA COMMA I PRP 'm VBP sorry JJ I PRP did VBD n't RB . . ' '' She PRP said VBD she PRP would MD if IN he PRP called VBD again RB . . I PRP passed VBD this DT on RP to TO -LSB- -LSB- Times NNP reporter NN -RSB- -RSB- Felicity NNP Barringer NNP during IN our PRP$ second JJ day NN 's POS interview NN chat NN . . So CC -- : that DT 's VBZ how WRB it PRP happens VBZ that IN in IN the DT New NNP York NNP Times NNP piece NN today NN I PRP 'm VBP described VBN -- : solemnly RB -- : as IN having VBG ' '' eventually RB convinced VBN ' '' her PRP to TO repeat VB the DT story NN to TO the DT New NNP York NNP Times NNP . . " '' -- : Timothy NNP Noah NNP No DT More JJR Kisses NNS In IN light NN of IN Secretary NNP of IN State NNP Albright NNP 's POS imminent JJ trip NN to TO the DT middle JJ east NN COMMA COMMA the DT New NNP York NNP Times NNP COMMA COMMA Los NNP Angeles NNP Times NNP and CC Washington NNP Post NNP emphasize VBP the DT deteriorating VBG situation NN there RB . . But CC USA NNP Today NNP stays VBZ with IN Princess NNP Di NNP . . The DT NYT NNP states VBZ that IN when WRB Albright NNP shows VBZ up RP on IN Tuesday NNP COMMA COMMA she PRP will MD " '' read VB the DT riot NN act NN " '' to TO Yassir NNP Arafat NNP about IN cracking VBG down RP on IN terrorism NN . . Her PRP$ goal NN will MD be VB to TO get VB Arafat NNP to TO come VB out RP decisively RB and CC publicly RB for IN peace NN with IN Israel NNP COMMA COMMA telling VBG him PRP that IN there EX can MD be VB no DT more JJR attempts NNS at IN co-opting VBG Hamas NNP COMMA COMMA and CC " '' no DT more JJR kisses NNS " '' of IN its PRP$ leaders NNS . . The DT Times NNP emphasizes VBZ the DT larger JJR geopolitical JJ context NN . . Given VBN that IN the DT troubles NNS on IN the DT West NNP Bank NNP have VBP not RB only RB frosted VBN relations NNS between IN Arafat NNP and CC Israel NNP COMMA COMMA but CC also RB those DT between IN Israel NNP and CC Egypt NNP and CC between IN Israel NNP and CC Saudi NNP Arabia NNP COMMA COMMA the DT paper NN states VBZ that IN the DT U.S. NNP is VBZ now RB facing VBG the DT prospect NN that IN the DT moderate JJ Arab JJ coalition NN it PRP built VBD after IN the DT Persian NNP Gulf NNP war NN to TO contain VB Iraq NNP and CC Iran NNP is VBZ falling VBG apart RB . . The DT LAT NNP focuses VBZ on IN new JJ dissension NN within IN the DT Israeli JJ government NN about IN whether IN or CC not RB Israel NNP should MD continue VB to TO maintain VB forces NNS in IN southern JJ Lebanon NNP COMMA COMMA dissension NN fueled VBN when WRB an DT Israeli JJ commando NN raid NN there RB late RB last JJ week NN was VBD ambushed VBN COMMA COMMA with IN twelve JJ deaths NNS the DT result NN . . Perhaps RB the DT most RBS striking JJ indicator NN of IN a DT change NN of IN mood NN inside IN the DT government NN reported VBN by IN the DT paper NN is VBZ the DT news NN that IN cabinet NN member NN Ariel NNP Sharon NNP COMMA COMMA who WP as IN Defense NNP Minister NNP in IN 1982 CD got VBD Israel NNP entrenched VBN in IN Lebanon NNP in IN the DT first JJ place NN COMMA COMMA is VBZ among IN those DT urging VBG a DT reconsideration NN of IN the DT deployment NN . . 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The DT Wall NNP Street NNP Journal NNP " '' Outlook NN " '' observes VBZ COMMA COMMA " '' In IN the DT U.S. NNP job NN market NN COMMA COMMA the DT balance NN of IN power NN is VBZ shifting VBG to TO employees NNS from IN employers NNS COMMA COMMA " '' and CC states VBZ that IN " '' the DT retention NN frenzy NN was VBD triggered VBN in IN part NN by IN previous JJ waves NNS of IN corporate JJ downsizing NNS COMMA COMMA " '' which WDT left VBD behind RP survivors NNS who WP took VBD stock NN of IN career NN options NNS and CC used VBD Internet NN job NN listings NNS and CC intensified VBD recruiting NN to TO land VB better JJR offers NNS COMMA COMMA which WDT in IN turn NN led VBD to TO counter-offers NNS and CC higher JJR salaries NNS . . This DT has VBZ led VBN COMMA COMMA says VBZ the DT Journal NNP COMMA COMMA to TO annual JJ compensation NN rising VBG 5 CD - SYM 6 CD percent NN a DT year NN . . Much JJ of IN the DT continuing VBG Diana NNP coverage NN is VBZ spinning VBG off RP into IN the DT realm NN of IN meta AFX - HYPH and CC meta-meta-pieces NNS . . The DT LAT NNP COMMA COMMA for IN instance NN COMMA COMMA examines VBZ what WP it PRP takes VBZ to TO be VB a DT new JJ " '' cuddly JJ - HYPH feely JJ " '' Britain NNP born VBN of IN the DT national JJ grief NN experience NN . . But CC USAT NNP and CC the DT WP NNP also RB each DT run VBP pretty RB newsy JJ Diana NNP pieces NNS as RB well RB . . Both DT reveal VBP that IN Tony NNP Blair NNP had VBD conferred VBN with IN Diana NNP about IN a DT goodwill NN ambassador NN job NN shortly RB before IN her PRP$ death NN COMMA COMMA and CC USAT NNP reports NNS that IN Le NNP Figaro NNP says VBZ a DT dying VBG Diana NNP gave VBD two CD crash NN witnesses NNS a DT message NN for IN her PRP$ family NN and CC children NNS . . Give VB the DT NYT NNP credit NN for IN getting VBG Mother NNP Teresa NNP back RB on IN the DT front JJ page NN and CC a DT bonus NN point NN for IN including VBG some DT criticism NN of IN her PRP in IN the DT story NN . . " '' Not RB everyone NN in IN Calcutta NNP COMMA COMMA or CC India NNP for IN that DT matter NN COMMA COMMA is VBZ unanimous JJ in IN praising VBG the DT nun NN COMMA COMMA whose WP$ organization NN was VBD able JJ to TO raise VB millions NNS of IN dollars NNS worldwide RB but CC made VBD virtually RB no DT significant JJ changes NNS in IN the DT social JJ structure NN of IN this DT collapsing VBG city NN 's POS poor JJ neighborhoods NNS . . Salvation NN -- : hers PRP and CC that DT of IN the DT destitute NN she PRP rescued VBD from IN the DT gutters NNS -- : was VBD her PRP$ aim NN COMMA COMMA not RB economic JJ or CC social JJ development NN as IN many JJ others NNS understand VBP it PRP COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD . . " '' It PRP 's VBZ odd JJ COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA that IN in IN repeating VBG this DT charge NN COMMA COMMA the DT Times NNP did VBD n't RB interview VB the DT man NN most RBS closely RB associated VBN with IN it PRP COMMA COMMA Christopher NNP Hitchens NNP COMMA COMMA or CC refer VB to TO the DT book NN where WRB he PRP set VBD it PRP out RP COMMA COMMA The DT Missionary NNP Position NNP . . Hmmm UH COMMA COMMA wan VB na TO bet VB there EX was VBD a DT copy NN of IN the DT book NN on IN somebody NN 's POS desk NN at IN the DT Times NNP though RB ? . What WP 's VBZ with IN the DT top-of-the-front JJ headline NN the DT LAT NNP puts VBZ over IN its PRP$ picture NN of IN Martina NNP Hingis NNP standing VBG next RB to TO Venus NNP Williams NNP after IN beating VBG her PRP at IN the DT U.S. NNP Open NNP -- : " '' Venus NNP Brought VBN Back RB to TO Earth NNP " '' ? . Does VBZ n't RB that DT sound VB like IN celebrating VBG a DT defeat NN rather RB than IN celebrating VBG a DT victory NN ? . How WRB odd JJ -- : and CC a DT good JJ illustration NN of IN how WRB trying VBG to TO shoe-horn VB in RB a DT " '' witty JJ " '' headline NN can MD drive VB you PRP into IN an DT idea NN that WDT does VBZ n't RB fit VB or CC is VBZ undeserved JJ . . Given VBN that IN Ms. NNP Williams NNP ' POS parents NNS are VBP rather RB protective JJ of IN her PRP and CC that IN she PRP is VBZ a DT black NN in IN a DT still RB pretty RB - HYPH lilly NN - HYPH white JJ sport NN COMMA COMMA do VBP n't RB be VB surprised JJ if IN there EX 's VBZ a DT bit NN of IN a DT complaint NN about IN this DT . . Fashioning VBG Paula NNP USA NNP Today NNP leads VBZ with IN Texas NNP ' POS settlement NN of IN its PRP$ product NN - HYPH liability NN lawsuit NN against IN the DT leading VBG tobacco NN companies NNS . . The DT top JJ nonlocal JJ story NN at IN the DT Washington NNP Post NNP is VBZ the DT latest JJS development NN in IN the DT Indonesian JJ economic JJ crisis NN -- : a DT rare JJ and CC boosterish JJ Suharto NNP press NN conference NN in IN contrast NN to TO a DT further RB plunging VBG stock NN market NN and CC food NN riots NNS in IN outlying JJ towns NNS . . The DT New NNP York NNP Times NNP leads VBZ with IN a DT comprehensive JJ poll NN about IN American JJ attitudes NNS concerning VBG abortion NN . . In IN the DT Texas NNP case NN COMMA COMMA reports VBZ USAT NNP COMMA COMMA the DT defendant NN companies NNS have VBP agreed VBN to TO pay VB about RB $ $ 15 CD billion CD over IN 25 CD years NNS to TO reimburse VB the DT state NN for IN expenses NNS it PRP incurred VBD in IN the DT treatment NN of IN smoking NN - HYPH related VBN illnesses NNS . . That DT makes VBZ Texas NNP the DT third JJ state NN to TO settle VB such PDT a DT case NN COMMA COMMA joining VBG Florida NNP and CC Mississippi NNP . . There EX are VBP COMMA COMMA says VBZ the DT paper NN COMMA COMMA a DT total NN of IN 40 CD such JJ suits NNS on IN file NN COMMA COMMA with IN Minnesota NNP 's POS turn NN coming VBG next JJ week NN . . The DT Wall NNP Street NNP Journal NNP states VBZ that IN the DT plaintiffs NNS ' POS lawyers NNS hired VBN by IN Texas NNP to TO try VB the DT case NN will MD receive VB as IN part NN of IN the DT deal NN almost RB $ $ 2.2 CD billion CD in IN fees NNS . . The DT NYT NNP abortion NN survey NN COMMA COMMA the DT first JJ conducted VBN by IN the DT paper NN since IN 1989 CD COMMA COMMA was VBD based VBN on IN telephone NN interviews NNS of IN 1COMMA101 CD people NNS and CC detects VBZ " '' a DT notable JJ shift NN from IN general JJ acceptance NN " '' of IN having VBG the DT procedure NN : : from IN 40 CD percent NN to TO 32 CD percent NN . . And CC the DT pollsters NNS also RB detected VBD an DT increasingly RB acute JJ sensitivity NN to TO abortion NN timing NN : . Sixty-one CD percent NN of IN those DT polled VBN thought VBD abortions NNS should MD be VB permitted VBN during IN the DT first JJ trimester NN COMMA COMMA but CC only RB 15 CD percent NN in IN the DT second JJ and CC just RB 7 CD percent NN in IN the DT third JJ . . ( ( The DT piece NN notes VBZ that IN this DT last JJ stat NN helps VBZ explain VB why WRB a DT focus NN on IN partial JJ - HYPH birth NN abortions NNS has VBZ proven VBN politically RB advantageous JJ for IN abortion NN foes NNS . . ) ) Nearly RB 45 CD percent NN of IN those DT asked VBN to TO state VB the DT present JJ law NN on IN abortion NN could MD not RB give VB the DT correct JJ answer NN . . The DT WSJ NNP notes VBZ that IN the DT just RB - HYPH concluded VBN football NN / SYM TV NN deal NN will MD probably RB mean VB even RB steeper JJR cable NN bills NNS in IN the DT near JJ future NN . . Some DT local JJ cable NN companies NNS COMMA COMMA the DT paper NN says VBZ COMMA COMMA expect VBP the DT fees NNS they PRP 'll MD pay VB ESPN NNP to TO go VB up RB more JJR than IN 20 CD percent NN . . And CC they PRP 're VBP in IN the DT habit NN of IN passing VBG expenses NNS along RB to TO Joe NNP Remote NNP . . Even RB non AFX - HYPH sports NNS fans NNS will MD be VB affected VBN COMMA COMMA notes VBZ the DT Journal NNP COMMA COMMA because IN ESPN NNP is VBZ usually RB part NN of IN basic JJ cable NN service NN . . ( ( Which WDT raises VBZ the DT question NN : COMMA Has VBZ n't RB technology NN progressed VBN to TO a DT point NN that WDT would MD allow VB cafeteria-style JJ programming NN choices NNS by IN subscribers NNS ? . ) ) A DT scan NN of IN the DT headlines NNS found VBN cheek NN - HYPH by IN - HYPH jowl NN on IN the DT WP NNP ' POS s POS Page NN A6 NN provides VBZ an DT interesting JJ snapshot NN of IN the DT life NN of IN the DT modern JJ Cabinet NN officer NN : : " '' -LSB- -LSB- Ex AFX - HYPH HUD NNP Secretary NNP -RSB- -RSB- Cisneros NNP 's POS Ex-Mistress NN Pleads VBZ Guilty JJ COMMA COMMA " '' " '' -LSB- -LSB- Labor NNP Secretary NNP -RSB- -RSB- Herman NNP Denies VBZ Allegations NNS of IN Influence NN - HYPH Selling VBG Scheme NN COMMA COMMA " '' and CC " '' Two CD Tyson NNP Foods NNP Executive NN Indicted VBN Over IN Gifts NNS to TO -LSB- -LSB- Ex AFX - HYPH Agriculture NNP Secretary NNP -RSB- -RSB- Espy NNP . . " '' The DT WSJ NNP reports VBZ that IN COMMA COMMA according VBG to TO an DT MIT NNP survey NN COMMA COMMA Americans NNPS are VBP twice RB as RB likely JJ to TO back VB a DT tax NN increase NN going VBG toward IN the DT search NN for IN extraterrestrials NNS than IN one CD for IN gene NN - HYPH cloning VBG research NN . . The DT NYT NNP reports VBZ that IN today NN 's POS issue NN of IN the DT journal NN Science NNP will MD describe VB an DT experiment NN in IN which WDT people NNS 's POS biological JJ clocks NNS were VBD reset VB three CD hours NNS by IN shining VBG a DT bright JJ light NN on IN the DT back NN of IN their PRP$ knees NNS . . The DT finding NN COMMA COMMA if IN it PRP holds VBZ up RP COMMA COMMA says VBZ the DT Times NNP COMMA COMMA may MD lead VB to TO a DT simple JJ way NN for IN airline NN travelers NNS to TO fight VB jet NN lag NN . . Yesterday NN 's POS Los NNP Angeles NNP Times NNP ran VBD a DT story NN under IN the DT headline NN " '' Paula NNP Jones NNP Works VBZ on IN Her PRP$ Court NN Appearance NN COMMA COMMA " '' which WDT COMMA COMMA illustrated VBN by IN pictures NNS of IN Jones NNP COMMA COMMA was VBD all RB about IN the DT various JJ looks NNS she PRP 's VBZ had VBN since IN stepping VBG on IN the DT public JJ stage NN . . The DT piece NN concluded VBD that IN she PRP 's VBZ finally RB graduated VBN to TO an DT image NN that WDT 's VBZ " '' sophisticated JJ yet CC soft JJ . . " '' Today NN 's POS WP NNP " '' Style NNP " '' section NN ( ( that DT 's VBZ the DT opposite NN of IN substance NN COMMA COMMA remember VB ) ) picks VBZ up RP that DT ball NN and CC runs VBZ with IN it PRP COMMA COMMA with IN a DT lengthy JJ discourse NN on IN the DT new JJ PJ NNP . . " `` It PRP is VBZ COMMA COMMA " '' hyperventilates VBZ the DT Post NNP COMMA COMMA one CD of IN the DT most RBS jaw NN - HYPH dropping VBG public JJ make-overs NNS ever RB . . " '' Jones NNP apparently RB has VBZ " '' smoothed VBN the DT frizzy JJ mane NN of IN curls NNS that WDT once RB reached VBD to TO such JJ dazzling VBG heights NNS . . Her PRP$ makeup NN is VBZ now RB subtle JJ and CC based VBN on IN natural JJ COMMA COMMA not RB neon JJ COMMA COMMA hues NNS . . Her PRP$ clothing NN is VBZ inspired VBN by IN the DT boardroom NN instead RB of IN the DT secretarial JJ pool NN . . She PRP has VBZ embraced VBN the DT markers NNS of IN dignity NN COMMA COMMA refinement NN and CC power NN . . " '' In IN true JJ newspaper NN overkill NN fashion NN COMMA COMMA the DT piece NN backs VBZ this DT up RP by IN consulting VBG Cynde NNP Watson NNP COMMA COMMA national JJ makeup NN artist NN for IN Bobbi NNP Brown NNP Essentials NNPS COMMA COMMA and CC Steven NNP Zdatny NNP COMMA COMMA a DT historian NN at IN West NNP Virginia NNP University NNP specializing VBG in IN the DT aesthetics NNS and CC politics NNS of IN hair NN . . The DT placement NN of IN these DT two CD pieces NNS is VBZ a DT PR NNS triumph NN COMMA COMMA but CC one CD carrying VBG the DT seeds NNS of IN its PRP$ own JJ destruction NN : : If IN people NNS know VBP all PDT this DT work NN is VBZ going VBG into IN making VBG Paula NNP Jones NNP seem VB a DT certain JJ someone NN COMMA COMMA does VBZ n't RB that DT just RB make VB it PRP obvious JJ that IN she PRP 's VBZ really RB somebody NN else JJ ? . Stephanopoulos NNP Analyzes VBZ His PRP$ Own JJ Crime NN There RB was VBD former JJ Clinton NNP aide NN George NNP Stephanopoulos NNP on IN ABC NNP 's POS This NNP Week NNP this DT morning NN COMMA COMMA furrow-browed JJ and CC " '' heartbroken JJ with IN all PDT the DT evidence NN coming VBG out RP " '' against IN the DT president NN . . Last JJ week NN COMMA COMMA when WRB the DT Lewinsky NNP story NN was VBD only RB a DT few JJ hours NNS old JJ COMMA COMMA Stephanopoulos NNP popped VBD up RP on IN Good NNP Morning NNP America NNP to TO demonstrate VB his PRP$ concern NN . . " '' These DT are VBP probably RB the DT most RBS serious JJ allegations NNS yet RB leveled VBN against IN the DT president NN . . There EX 's VBZ no DT question NN that IN COMMA COMMA if IN they PRP 're VBP true JJ COMMA COMMA they PRP ... : could MD lead VB to TO impeachment NN proceedings NNS . . " '' Is VBZ Chatterbox NNP alone JJ in IN thinking VBG there EX is VBZ something NN strange JJ and CC even RB disgusting JJ about IN Stephanopoulos NNP ' POS eager JJ show NN of IN independence NN from IN the DT president NN ? . The DT problem NN is VBZ n't RB so RB much RB his PRP$ disloyalty NN . . Political JJ figures NNS turn VBP on IN each DT other JJ from IN time NN to TO time NN COMMA COMMA for IN good JJ and CC bad JJ reasons NNS ; : we PRP 're VBP used JJ to TO it PRP . . Stephanopoulos NNP wants VBZ to TO run VB for IN the DT Senate NNP and CC does VBZ n't RB want VB to TO seem VB a DT Clinton NNP stooge NN . . By IN lending VBG credence NN to TO the DT Lewinsky NNP charges NNS COMMA COMMA and CC treating VBG Clinton NNP 's POS familiar JJ defenses NNS as IN the DT lies NNS and CC half JJ - HYPH lies NNS they PRP seem VBP to TO be VB COMMA COMMA Stephanopoulos NNP shows VBZ he PRP 's VBZ not RB a DT fool NN . . The DT trouble NN is VBZ that IN Stephanopoulos NNP himself PRP helped VBD propagate VB those DT lies NNS in IN the DT first JJ place NN . . During IN the DT 1992 CD campaign NN COMMA COMMA when WRB Gennifer NNP Flowers NNPS first RB brought VBD Clinton NNP 's POS philandering NN to TO public JJ attention NN COMMA COMMA Stephanopoulos NNP -- : as IN Clinton NNP 's POS chief JJ spinner NN COMMA COMMA distracter NN COMMA COMMA and CC all RB - HYPH around RB bullshit NN artist NN -- : played VBD a DT crucial JJ role NN in IN discrediting VBG Flowers NNS and CC anyone NN else JJ who WP tried VBD to TO point VB out RP the DT truth NN COMMA COMMA namely RB that IN Clinton NNP had VBD a DT disturbing VBG zipper NN problem NN . . ( ( Do VB n't RB say VB Stephanopoulos NNP did VBD n't RB know VB . . Again RB COMMA COMMA he PRP 's VBZ not RB a DT fool NN . . ) ) Simply RB put VBN COMMA COMMA Stephanopoulos NNP did VBD as RB much JJ as IN any DT man NN to TO get VB the DT country NN into IN the DT mess NN he PRP now RB so RB telegenically RB laments VBZ . . The DT 1993 CD documentary NN The DT War NNP Room NNP captures VBZ some DT of IN his PRP$ efforts NNS on IN tape NN . . Early RB in IN the DT film NN COMMA COMMA with IN the DT Flowers NNS crisis NN in IN full JJ bloom NN COMMA COMMA Sam NNP Donaldson NNP interviews VBZ Stephanopoulos NNP COMMA COMMA who WP blames VBZ it PRP all DT on IN the DT " '' Republican JJ attack NN machine NN . . " '' " '' Gov. NNP Clinton NNP has VBZ no DT character NN problem NN COMMA COMMA " '' Stephanopoulos NNP declares VBZ . . Donaldson NNP suggests VBZ that IN on IN 60 NNP Minutes NNPS Clinton NNP had VBD admitted VBN to TO infidelity NN . . " '' He PRP said VBD he PRP had VBD problems NNS in IN his PRP$ marriage NN COMMA COMMA " '' says VBZ Stephanopoulos NNP COMMA COMMA correcting VBG Donaldson NNP 's POS deviation NN from IN the DT pre-scripted JJ fudge NN - HYPH phrase NN of IN the DT day NN . . ( ( Today NN COMMA COMMA of IN course NN COMMA COMMA the DT president NN 's POS defenders NNS claim VBP that IN Clinton NNP admitted VBD infidelity NN on IN 60 NNP Minutes NNPS and CC that IN the DT fully RB informed VBN voters NNS simply RB did VBD n't RB care VB . . ) ) Near IN the DT end NN of IN The DT War NNP Room NNP COMMA COMMA Stephanopoulos NNP gets VBZ a DT call NN from IN someone NN who WP apparently RB claims VBZ to TO have VB a DT list NN of IN Clinton NNP paramours NNS COMMA COMMA which WDT he PRP is VBZ about JJ to TO publicize VB . . Stephanopoulos NNP skillfully RB bullies VBZ and CC cajoles VBZ him PRP into IN keeping VBG quiet JJ . . " '' You PRP would MD be VB laughed VBN at IN ... COMMA " '' he PRP tells VBZ the DT caller NN . . " `` I PRP guarantee VBP you PRP that IN if IN you PRP do VBP this DT you PRP 'll MD never RB work VB in IN Democratic JJ politics NNS again RB ... COMMA . . Nobody NN will MD believe VB you PRP and CC people NNS will MD think VB you PRP 're VBP scum JJ . . " '' You PRP might MD say VB that IN Stephanopoulos NNP helped VBD invent VB the DT philander NN - HYPH protection NN techniques NNS that WDT seem VBP to TO have VB made VBN Clinton NNP so RB overconfident JJ of IN his PRP$ ability NN to TO not RB get VB caught VBN . . He PRP was VBD one CD of IN Clinton NNP 's POS principal JJ enablers NNS COMMA COMMA to TO use VB a DT word NN employed VBN by IN Maureen NNP Dowd NNP in IN today NN 's POS New NNP York NNP Times NNP . . When WRB Democrats NNPS wonder VBP why WRB there EX is VBZ so RB much JJ resentment NN of IN Clinton NNP COMMA COMMA they PRP do VBP n't RB need VB to TO look VB much RB further RBR than IN the DT Big NNP Lie NNP about IN philandering NN that WDT Stephanopoulos NNP COMMA COMMA Carville NNP ( ( and CC a DT cooperative JJ campaign NN press NN corps NN ) ) helped VBD to TO put VB over RP in IN 1992 CD . . Now RB the DT dissembler NN and CC enabler NN has VBZ become VBN the DT scholar NN and CC ABC NNP News NNP analyst NN . . It PRP 's VBZ as IN if IN Roy NNP Cohn NNP went VBD on IN television NN in IN the DT mid-'50s NNS to TO soberly RB rue VB the DT damage NN wreaked VBN by IN Sen. NNP Joe NNP McCarthy NNP COMMA COMMA without IN any DT apology NN for IN his PRP$ own JJ role NN . . Much JJ has VBZ been VBN made VBN of IN the DT way NN famous JJ wrongdoers NNS ( ( e. FW g. FW : : Dick NNP Morris NNP COMMA COMMA Marv NNP Albert NNP ) ) rebound VBP too RB quickly RB in IN our PRP$ celebrity NN culture NN . . But CC usually RB at IN least JJS a DT nanosecond NN of IN contrition NN is VBZ required VBN . . Stephanopoulos NNP is VBZ cashing VBG in RP without IN even RB going VBG through IN the DT minimal JJ motions NNS of IN holding VBG himself PRP accountable JJ for IN misleading VBG the DT country NN . . If IN Clinton NNP COMMA COMMA as IN is VBZ now RB increasingly RB clear JJ COMMA COMMA was VBD a DT time NN bomb NN waiting VBG to TO explode VB COMMA COMMA then RB Stephanopoulos NNP helped VBD smuggle VB him PRP into IN the DT White NNP House NNP and CC muffled VBD the DT ticking NN . . In IN American JJ romance NN COMMA COMMA almost RB nothing NN rates VBZ higher JJR than IN what WP the DT movie NN men NNS have VBP called VBN `` `` meeting NN cute JJ '' '' -- : that DT is VBZ COMMA COMMA boy NN - HYPH meets VBZ - HYPH girl NN seems VBZ more RB adorable JJ if IN it PRP does VBZ n't RB take VB place NN in IN an DT atmosphere NN of IN correct JJ and CC acute JJ boredom NN . . Just RB about RB the DT most RBS enthralling JJ real-life JJ example NN of IN meeting VBG cute JJ is VBZ the DT Charles NNP MacArthur NNP - HYPH Helen NNP Hayes NNP saga NN : : reputedly RB all DT he PRP did VBD was VBD give VB her PRP a DT handful NN of IN peanuts NNS COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP said VBD simultaneously RB COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP wish VBP they PRP were VBD emeralds NNS '' '' . . Aside RB from IN the DT comico-romantico JJ content NN here RB COMMA COMMA a DT good JJ linguist NN - HYPH anthropologist NN could MD readily RB pick VB up RP a DT few JJ other JJ facts NNS COMMA COMMA especially RB if IN he PRP had VBD a DT little JJ more JJR of IN the DT conversation NN to TO go VB on IN . . The DT way NN MacArthur NNP said VBD his PRP$ line NN -- : if IN you PRP had VBD the DT recorded VBN transcript NN of IN a DT professional JJ linguist NN -- : would MD probably RB have VB gone VBN like IN this DT : : A[fj] SYM Primary JJ stresses NNS on IN emeralds NNS and CC wish VB ; : note VB pitch NN 3 CD ( ( pretty RB high JJ ) ) on IN emeralds NNS but CC with IN a DT slight JJ degree NN of IN drawl NN COMMA COMMA one CD degree NN of IN oversoftness NN . . Conclusions NNS : : The DT people NNS involved VBN ( ( and CC subsequent JJ facts NNS bear VBP me PRP out RP here RB ) ) knew VBD clearly RB the DT relative JJ values NNS of IN peanuts NNS and CC emeralds NNS COMMA COMMA both CC monetary JJ and CC sentimental JJ . . And CC the DT drawling VBG COMMA COMMA oversoft JJ voice NN of IN flirtation NN COMMA COMMA though IN fairly RB overt JJ COMMA COMMA was VBD still RB well RB within IN the DT prescribed VBN gambit NN of IN their PRP$ culture NN . . In IN other JJ words NNS COMMA COMMA like IN automation NN machines NNS designed VBN to TO work VB in IN tandem NN COMMA COMMA they PRP shared VBD the DT same JJ programming NN COMMA COMMA a DT mutual JJ understanding NN not RB only RB of IN English JJ words NNS COMMA COMMA but CC of IN the DT four CD stresses NNS COMMA COMMA pitches NNS COMMA COMMA and CC junctures NNS that WP can MD change VB their PRP$ meaning NN from IN black NN to TO white NN . . At IN this DT point NN COMMA COMMA unfortunately RB COMMA COMMA romance NN becomes VBZ a DT regrettably RB small JJ part NN of IN the DT picture NN ; : but CC consider VB COMMA COMMA if IN you PRP can MD bear VB it PRP COMMA COMMA what WP might MD have VB happened VBN if IN MacArthur NNP COMMA COMMA for IN some DT perverse JJ COMMA COMMA undaunted JJ reason NN COMMA COMMA had VBD made VBN the DT same JJ remark NN to TO an DT Eskimo NNP girl NN in IN Eskimo NNP . . To TO her PRP peanuts NNS and CC emeralds NNS would MD have VB been VBN just RB so RB much JJ blubber NN . . The DT point NN -- : quite RB simply RB -- : is VBZ this DT : : words NNS they PRP might MD have VB had VBD ; : but CC communication NN COMMA COMMA no UH . . This DT basic JJ principle NN COMMA COMMA the DT first JJ in IN a DT richly RB knotted VBN bundle NN COMMA COMMA was VBD conveyed VBN to TO me PRP by IN Dr. NNP Henry NNP Lee NNP Smith NNP COMMA COMMA Jr. NNP COMMA COMMA at IN the DT University NNP of IN Buffalo NNP COMMA COMMA where WRB he PRP heads VBZ the DT world NN 's POS first JJ department NN of IN anthropology NN and CC linguistics NNS . . A DT brisk JJ COMMA COMMA amusing JJ man NN COMMA COMMA apparently RB constructed VBN on IN an DT ingenious JJ system NN of IN spring NN - HYPH joints NNS attuned VBN to TO the DT same JJ peppery JJ rhythm NN as IN his PRP$ mind NN COMMA COMMA Smith NNP began VBD his PRP$ academic JJ career NN teaching VBG speech NN to TO Barnard NNP girls NNS -- : a DT project NN considerably RB enlivened VBN by IN his PRP$ devotion NN to TO a DT recording NN about IN `` `` a DT young JJ rat NN named VBN Arthur NN COMMA COMMA who WP never RB could MD make VB up RP his PRP$ mind NN '' '' . . Later RB COMMA COMMA he PRP became VBD one CD of IN the DT central JJ spirits NNS of IN the DT Army NNP Language NNP Program NNP and CC the DT language NN school NN of IN Washington NNP 's POS Foreign NNP Service NNP Institute NNP . . It PRP was VBD there RB COMMA COMMA in IN the DT course NN of IN trying VBG to TO prepare VB new JJ men NNS for IN the DT `` `` culture NN shock NN '' '' they PRP might MD encounter VB in IN remote JJ overseas JJ posts NNS COMMA COMMA that WDT he PRP first RB began VBD to TO develop VB a DT system NN of IN charting VBG the DT `` `` norms NNS of IN human JJ communication NN '' '' . . To TO the DT trained JJ ear NN of IN the DT linguist NN COMMA COMMA talk NN has VBZ always RB revealed VBN a DT staggering JJ quantity NN of IN information NN about IN the DT talker NN -- : such JJ things NNS as IN geographical JJ origin NN and CC history NN COMMA COMMA socio-economic JJ identity NN COMMA COMMA education NN . . It PRP is VBZ only RB fairly RB recently RB COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA that WDT linguists NNS have VBP developed VBN a DT systematic JJ way NN of IN charting VBG voices NNS on IN paper NN in IN a DT way NN that WDT tells VBZ even RB more JJR about IN the DT speakers NNS and CC about IN the DT success NN or CC failure NN of IN human JJ communication NN between IN two CD people NNS . . This DT COMMA COMMA for IN obvious JJ reasons NNS COMMA COMMA makes VBZ their PRP$ techniques NNS superbly RB useful JJ in IN studying VBG the DT psychiatric JJ interview NN COMMA COMMA so RB useful JJ COMMA COMMA in IN fact NN COMMA COMMA that IN they PRP have VBP been VBN successfully RB used VBN to TO suggest VB ways NNS to TO speed VB diagnosis NN and CC to TO evaluate VB the DT progress NN of IN therapy NN . . In IN the DT early JJ 1950's NN COMMA COMMA Smith NNP COMMA COMMA together RB with IN his PRP$ distinguished JJ colleague NN COMMA COMMA George NNP Trager NNP ( ( so RB austerely RB academic JJ he PRP sometimes RB fights VBZ his PRP$ own JJ evident JJ charm NN ) ) COMMA COMMA and CC a DT third JJ man NN with IN the DT engaging JJ name NN of IN Birdwhistell NNP ( ( Ray NNP ) ) COMMA COMMA agreed VBD on IN some DT basic JJ premises NNS about IN the DT three CD - HYPH part NN process NN that WDT makes VBZ communication NN : : ( ( 1 LS ) ) words NNS or CC language NN ( ( 2 LS ) ) paralanguage NN COMMA COMMA a DT set NN of IN phenomena NNS including VBG laughing NN COMMA COMMA weeping NN COMMA COMMA voice NN breaks NNS COMMA COMMA and CC `` `` tone NN '' '' of IN voice NN COMMA COMMA and CC ( ( 3 LS ) ) kinesics NNS COMMA COMMA the DT technical JJ name NN for IN gestures NNS COMMA COMMA facial JJ expressions NNS COMMA COMMA and CC body NN shifts NNS -- : nodding VBG or CC shaking VBG the DT head NN COMMA COMMA `` `` talking NN '' '' with IN one PRP 's POS hands NNS COMMA COMMA et NN cetera NN . . Smith NNP 's POS first JJ workout NN with IN stresses NNS COMMA COMMA pitches NNS COMMA COMMA and CC junctures NNS was VBD based VBN on IN mother NN COMMA COMMA which WDT spells VBZ COMMA COMMA in IN our PRP$ culture NN COMMA COMMA a DT good JJ deal NN more JJR than IN bread NN alone RB . . For IN example NN COMMA COMMA if IN you PRP are VBP a DT reasonably RB well RB - HYPH adjusted VBN person NN COMMA COMMA there EX are VBP certain JJ ways NNS that WDT are VBP reasonable JJ and CC appropriate JJ for IN addressing VBG your PRP$ mother NN . . The DT usual JJ U.S. NNP norm NN would MD be VB : : A[fj] SYM Middle JJ pitches NNS COMMA COMMA slight JJ pause NN ( ( juncture NN ) ) before IN mother NN COMMA COMMA slight JJ rise NN at IN the DT end NN . . The DT symbols NNS of IN mother NN 's POS status NN COMMA COMMA here RB COMMA COMMA are VBP all DT usual JJ for IN culture NN U.S.A. NN . . Quite RB other JJ feelings NNS are VBP evidenced VBN by IN this DT style NN : : A[fj] SYM Note VB the DT drop NN to TO pitch NN 1 CD ( ( the DT lowest JJS ) ) on IN mother NN with IN no DT rise NN at IN the DT end NN of IN the DT sentence NN ; : this DT is VBZ a DT `` `` fade NN '' '' ending NN COMMA COMMA and CC what WP you PRP have VBP here RB is VBZ a DT downtalking JJ style NN of IN speech NN COMMA COMMA expressing VBG something NN less JJR than IN conventional JJ respect NN for IN mother NN . . Even RB less JJR regard NN for IN mom NN and CC mom NN 's POS apple NN pie NN goes VBZ with IN : : A[fj] SYM In IN other JJ words NNS COMMA COMMA the DT way NN the DT speaker NN relates VBZ to TO mother NN is VBZ clearly RB indicated VBN . . And CC while IN the DT meaning NN of IN the DT words NNS is VBZ not RB in IN this DT instance NN altered VBN COMMA COMMA the DT quality NN of IN communication NN in IN both CC the DT second JJ and CC third JJ examples NNS is VBZ definitely RB impaired VBN . . An DT accompanying VBG record NN of IN paralanguage NN factors NNS for IN the DT second JJ example NN might MD also RB note VB a DT throaty JJ rasp NN . . With IN this DT seven CD - HYPH word NN sentence NN -- : though IN the DT speaker NN undoubtedly RB thought VBD he PRP was VBD dealing VBG only RB with IN the DT subject NN of IN food NN -- : he PRP was VBD telling VBG things NNS about IN himself PRP and CC COMMA COMMA in IN the DT last JJ two CD examples NNS COMMA COMMA revealing VBG that IN he PRP had VBD departed VBN from IN the DT customs NNS of IN his PRP$ culture NN . . The DT joint JJ investigations NNS of IN linguistics NN and CC psychiatry NN have VBP established VBN COMMA COMMA in IN point NN of IN fact NN COMMA COMMA that IN no DT matter NN what WP the DT subject NN of IN conversation NN is VBZ or CC what WDT words NNS are VBP involved VBN COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ impossible JJ for IN people NNS to TO talk VB at IN all DT without IN telling VBG over RB and CC over RB again RB what WDT sort NN of IN people NNS they PRP are VBP and CC how WRB they PRP relate VBP to TO the DT rest NN of IN the DT world NN . . Since IN interviewing NN is VBZ the DT basic JJ therapeutic JJ and CC diagnostic JJ instrument NN of IN modern JJ psychiatry NN COMMA COMMA the DT recording NN of IN interviews NNS for IN playbacks NNS and CC study NN has VBZ been VBN a DT boost NN of IN Redstone NNP proportions NNS in IN new JJ research NN and CC training NN . . Some DT of IN the DT earliest JJS recordings NNS COMMA COMMA made VBN in IN the DT 1940's NN demonstrated VBD that IN psychiatrists NNS reacted VBD immediately RB to TO anger NN and CC anxiety NN in IN the DT sound NN track NN COMMA COMMA whereas IN written VBN records NNS of IN the DT same JJ interview NN offered VBD far RB fewer JJR cues NNS to TO therapy NN which WDT -- : if IN they PRP were VBD at IN all DT discernible JJ in IN print NN -- : were VBD picked VBN up RP only RB by IN the DT most RB skilled JJ and CC sensitive JJ experts NNS . . In IN a DT general JJ way NN COMMA COMMA psychiatrists NNS were VBD able JJ to TO establish VB on IN a DT wide JJ basis NN what WP many DT of IN them PRP had VBD always RB felt VBN -- : that IN the DT most RBS telling JJ cues NNS in IN psychotherapy NN are VBP acoustic JJ COMMA COMMA that IN such DT things NNS as IN stress NN and CC nagging NN are VBP transmitted VBN by IN sound NN alone RB and CC not RB necessarily RB by IN words NNS . . At IN a DT minimum NN COMMA COMMA recording VBG -- : usually RB on IN tape NN COMMA COMMA which WDT is VBZ now RB in IN wide JJ professional JJ use NN -- : brings VBZ the DT psychiatric JJ interview NN alive JJ so IN that IN the DT full JJ range NN of IN emotion NN and CC meaning NN can MD be VB explored VBN repeatedly RB by IN the DT therapist NN or CC by IN a DT battery NN of IN therapists NNS . . Newest JJS to TO this DT high RB - HYPH powered VBN battery NN are VBP the DT experts NNS in IN linguistics NN who WP have VBP carried VBN that DT minimum NN to TO a DT new JJ level NN . . By IN adding VBG a DT systematic JJ analysis NN with IN symbols NNS to TO the DT typed VBN transcripts NNS of IN interviews NNS COMMA COMMA they PRP have VBP supplied VBN a DT new JJ set NN of IN techniques NNS for IN the DT therapist NN . . Linguistic JJ charting NN of IN the DT transcribed VBN interview NN flags VBZ points NNS where WRB the DT patient NN 's POS voice NN departs VBZ from IN expected VBN norms NNS . . It PRP flags VBZ such DT possible JJ breakdowns NNS of IN communication NN as IN rehearsed VBN dialogue NN COMMA COMMA the DT note NN of IN disapproval NN COMMA COMMA ambivalence NN or CC ambiguity NN COMMA COMMA annoyance NN COMMA COMMA resentment NN COMMA COMMA and CC the DT disinclination NN to TO speak VB at IN all DT -- : this DT last JJ often RB marked VBN by IN a DT fade-in JJ beginning NN of IN sentences NNS . . Interpretation NN COMMA COMMA naturally RB COMMA COMMA remains VBZ the DT role NN of IN the DT therapist NN COMMA COMMA but CC orientation NN -- : not RB only RB the DT patient NN 's POS vocal JJ giveaways NNS of IN geographical JJ and CC socio-economic JJ background NN COMMA COMMA but CC also RB vocal JJ but CC non-verbal JJ giveaways NNS of IN danger NN spots NNS in IN his PRP$ relationship NN to TO people NNS -- : can MD be VB considerably RB beefed VBN up RP by IN the DT linguist NN . . His PRP$ esoteric JJ chartings NNS of IN the DT voice NN alert VBP the DT therapist NN to TO areas NNS where WRB deeper JJR probing NN may MD bring VB to TO light NN underlying VBG psychological JJ difficulties NNS COMMA COMMA making VBG them PRP apparent JJ first RB to TO the DT therapist NN and CC eventually RB to TO the DT patient NN . . In IN one CD now RB - HYPH historic JJ first JJ interview NN COMMA COMMA for IN example NN COMMA COMMA the DT transcript NN ( ( reproduced VBN from IN the DT book NN COMMA COMMA The DT First NNP Five NNP Minutes NNPS ) ) goes VBZ like IN this DT : : The DT therapist NN 's POS level JJ tone NN is VBZ bland JJ and CC neutral JJ -- : he PRP has VBZ COMMA COMMA for IN example NN COMMA COMMA avoided VBN stressing VBG `` `` you PRP '' '' COMMA COMMA which WDT would MD imply VB disapproval NN ; : or CC surprise NN COMMA COMMA which WDT would MD set VB the DT patient NN apart RB from IN other JJ people NNS . . The DT patient NN COMMA COMMA on IN the DT other JJ hand NN COMMA COMMA is VBZ far RB from IN neutral JJ ; : aside RB from IN her PRP specifically RB regional JJ accent NN COMMA COMMA she PRP reveals VBZ by IN the DT use NN of IN the DT triad NN COMMA COMMA `` `` irritable JJ COMMA COMMA tense JJ COMMA COMMA depressed JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA a DT certain JJ pedantic JJ itemization NN that WP indicates VBZ she PRP has VBZ some DT familiarity NN with IN literary JJ or CC scientific JJ language NN ( ( i.e. FW COMMA COMMA she PRP must MD have VB had VBN at IN least JJS a DT high-school JJ education NN ) ) COMMA COMMA and CC she PRP is VBZ telling VBG a DT story NN she PRP has VBZ mentally RB rehearsed VBN some DT time NN before RB . . Then RB she PRP catapults VBZ into IN `` `` everything NN and CC everybody NN '' '' COMMA COMMA putting VBG particular JJ violence NN on IN `` `` everybody NN '' '' COMMA COMMA indicating VBG to TO the DT linguist NN that IN this DT is VBZ a DT spot NN to TO flag VB -- : that DT is VBZ COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ not RB congruent JJ to TO the DT patient NN 's POS general JJ style NN of IN speech NN up IN to TO this DT point NN . . Consequently RB COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ referred VBN to TO the DT therapist NN for IN attention NN . . He PRP may MD then RB very RB well RB conclude VB that IN `` `` everybody NN '' '' is VBZ probably RB not RB the DT true JJ target NN of IN her PRP$ resentment NN . . Immediately RB thereafter RB COMMA COMMA the DT patient NN fractures VBZ her PRP rehearsed VBN story NN COMMA COMMA veering VBG into IN an DT oversoft JJ COMMA COMMA breathy JJ COMMA COMMA sloppily RB articulated VBN COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP do VBP n't RB feel VB like IN talking VBG right RB now RB '' '' . . Within IN the DT first JJ five CD minutes NNS of IN this DT interview NN it PRP is VBZ apparent JJ to TO the DT therapist NN that IN `` `` everybody NN '' '' truthfully RB refers VBZ to TO the DT woman NN 's POS husband NN . . She PRP says VBZ later RB COMMA COMMA but CC still RB within IN the DT opening JJ five CD minutes NNS COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP keep VBP thinking VBG of IN a DT divorce NN but CC that DT 's VBZ another DT emotional JJ death NN '' '' . . The DT linguistic JJ and CC paralinguistic JJ signals NNS of IN misery NN are VBP all DT present RB in IN the DT voice NN chart NN for IN this DT sentence NN ; : so RB are VBP certain JJ signals NNS that IN she PRP does VBZ not RB accept VB divorce NN . . By IN saying VBG `` `` another DT emotional JJ death NN '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP reveals VBZ that IN there EX has VBZ been VBN a DT previous JJ one CD COMMA COMMA although IN she PRP has VBZ not RB described VBN it PRP in IN words NNS . . This DT the DT therapist NN may MD pursue VB in IN later JJ questioning NN . . The DT phrase NN COMMA COMMA `` `` emotional JJ death NN '' '' COMMA COMMA interesting JJ and CC COMMA COMMA to TO a DT non-scientific JJ mind NN COMMA COMMA rather RB touching JJ COMMA COMMA suggests VBZ that IN this DT woman NN may MD have VB some DT flair NN for IN words NNS COMMA COMMA perhaps RB even RB something NN of IN the DT temperament NN regrettably RB called VBN `` `` creative JJ '' '' . . Since IN the DT psychiatric JJ interview NN COMMA COMMA like IN any DT other JJ interview NN COMMA COMMA depends VBZ on IN communication NN COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ significant JJ to TO note VB that IN the DT therapist NN in IN this DT interview NN was VBD a DT man NN of IN marked JJ skill NN and CC long JJ experience NN . . His PRP$ own JJ communication NN apparatus NN operated VBD superbly RB COMMA COMMA and CC Lillian NNP Ross NNP readers NNS will MD note VB instantly RB its PRP$ total JJ lack NN of IN resemblance NN to TO the DT blunted JJ COMMA COMMA monumentally RB unmeshed JJ mechanism NN of IN Dr. NNP Blauberman NNP . . Interestingly RB enough RB -- : although IN none NN of IN the DT real-life JJ therapists NNS involved VBN could MD conceivably RB compare VB with IN Blauberman NNP -- : when WRB groups NNS of IN them PRP began VBD playing VBG back RB interviews NNS COMMA COMMA they PRP discovered VBD any DT number NN of IN ways NNS in IN which WDT they PRP wanted VBD to TO polish VB their PRP$ own JJ interview NN techniques NNS ; : almost RB everyone NN COMMA COMMA on IN first RB hearing VBG one CD of IN his PRP$ own JJ sessions NNS on IN tape NN COMMA COMMA expressed VBD some DT desire NN to TO take VB the DT whole JJ thing NN over RB again RB . . Yet CC COMMA COMMA in IN spite NN of IN this DT COMMA COMMA intensive JJ study NN of IN the DT taped VBN interviews NNS by IN teams NNS of IN psychotherapists NNS and CC linguists NNS laid VBD bare JJ the DT surprising JJ fact NN that IN COMMA COMMA in IN the DT first JJ five CD minutes NNS of IN an DT initial JJ interview NN COMMA COMMA the DT patient NN often RB reveals VBZ as RB many JJ as IN a DT dozen NN times NNS just RB what WP 's VBZ wrong JJ with IN him PRP ; : to TO spot VB these DT giveaways NNS the DT therapist NN must MD know VB either CC intuitively RB or CC scientifically RB how WRB to TO listen VB . . Naturally RB COMMA COMMA the DT patient NN does VBZ not RB say VB COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP hate VBP my PRP$ father NN '' '' COMMA COMMA or CC `` `` Sibling NN rivalry NN is VBZ what WP bugs VBZ me PRP '' '' . . What WP he PRP does VBZ do VB is VBZ give VB himself PRP away RB by IN communicating VBG information NN over IN and CC above IN the DT words NNS involved VBN . . Some DT of IN the DT classic JJ indicators NNS COMMA COMMA as IN described VBN by IN Drs. NNP Pittenger NNP COMMA COMMA Hockett NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Danehy NNP in IN The DT First NNP Five NNP Minutes NNPS COMMA COMMA are VBP these DT : : ambiguity NN of IN pronouns NNS : : Stammering NN or CC repetition NN of IN I PRP COMMA COMMA you PRP COMMA COMMA he PRP COMMA COMMA she PRP COMMA COMMA et CC cetera NN may MD signal VB ambiguity NN or CC uncertainty NN . . On IN the DT other JJ hand NN significant JJ facts NNS may MD be VB concealed VBN -- : she PRP may MD mean VB I PRP or CC everybody NN COMMA COMMA as IN it PRP did VBD with IN the DT tense JJ and CC irritable JJ woman NN mentioned VBN before RB COMMA COMMA may MD refer VB to TO a DT specific JJ person NN . . The DT word NN that WDT is VBZ not RB used VBN can MD be VB as RB important JJ as IN the DT word NN that WP is VBZ used VBN ; : therapist NN and CC linguist NN must MD always RB consider VB the DT alternatives NNS . . When WRB someone NN says VBZ COMMA COMMA for IN example NN COMMA COMMA `` `` They PRP took VBD x-rays NN to TO see VB that IN there EX was VBD nothing NN wrong JJ with IN me PRP '' '' COMMA COMMA it PRP pays VBZ to TO consider VB how WRB this DT statement NN would MD normally RB be VB made VBN . . ( ( This DT patient NN COMMA COMMA in IN actuality NN COMMA COMMA was VBD a DT neurasthenic NN who WP had VBD almost RB come VBN to TO the DT point NN of IN accepting VBG the DT fact NN that IN it PRP was VBD not RB her PRP$ soma NN but CC her PRP$ psyche NN that WDT was VBD the DT cause NN of IN her PRP$ difficulty NN . . ) ) Amateur NN linguists NNS note VBP here RB that IN Pursewarden NNP COMMA COMMA in IN Durrell NNP 's POS Alexandria NNP Quartet NNP COMMA COMMA stammered VBD when WRB he PRP spoke VBD of IN his PRP$ wife NN COMMA COMMA which WDT is VBZ hardly RB surprising JJ in IN view NN of IN their PRP$ disastrous JJ relationship NN . . Northern JJ liberals NNS are VBP the DT chief JJ supporters NNS of IN civil JJ rights NNS and CC of IN integration NN . . They PRP have VBP also RB led VBN the DT nation NN in IN the DT direction NN of IN a DT welfare NN state NN . . And CC both CC in IN their PRP$ objectives NNS of IN non-discrimination NN and CC of IN social JJ progress NN they PRP have VBP had VBD ranged VBN against IN them PRP the DT Southerners NNPS who WP are VBP called VBN Bourbons NNPS . . The DT name NN presumably RB derives VBZ from IN the DT French JJ royal JJ house NN which WDT never RB learned VBD and CC never RB forgot VBD ; : since IN Bourbon NNP whiskey NN COMMA COMMA though IN of IN Kentucky NNP origin NN COMMA COMMA is VBZ at IN least JJS as RB much RB favored VBN by IN liberals NNS in IN the DT North NNP as IN by IN conservatives NNS in IN the DT South NNP . . The DT nature NN of IN the DT opposition NN between IN liberals NNS and CC Bourbons NNPS is VBZ too RB little RB understood VBN in IN the DT North NNP . . The DT race NN problem NN has VBZ tended VBN to TO obscure VB other JJ COMMA COMMA less RB emotional JJ COMMA COMMA issues NNS which WDT may MD fundamentally RB be VB even RB more RBR divisive JJ . . It PRP is VBZ these DT other JJ differences NNS between IN North NNP and CC South NNP -- : other JJ COMMA COMMA that DT is VBZ COMMA COMMA than IN those DT which WDT concern VBP discrimination NN or CC social JJ welfare NN -- : which WDT I PRP chiefly RB discuss VBP herein RB . . I PRP write VBP about IN Northern JJ liberals NNS from IN considerable JJ personal JJ experience NN . . A DT Southerner NNP married VBN to TO a DT New NNP Englander NNP COMMA COMMA I PRP have VBP lived VBN for IN many JJ years NNS in IN a DT Connecticut NN commuting NN town NN with IN a DT high JJ percentage NN of IN artists NNS COMMA COMMA writers NNS COMMA COMMA publicity NN men NNS COMMA COMMA and CC business NN executives NNS of IN egghead NN tastes NNS . . Most JJS of IN them PRP are VBP Democrats NNPS and CC nearly RB all DT consider VBP themselves PRP COMMA COMMA and CC are VBP viewed VBN as IN COMMA COMMA liberals NNS . . This DT is VBZ puzzling JJ to TO an DT outsider NN conscious JJ of IN the DT classic JJ tradition NN of IN liberalism NN COMMA COMMA because IN it PRP is VBZ clear JJ that IN these DT Democrats NNPS who WP are VBP left JJ - HYPH of IN - HYPH center NN are VBP at IN opposite JJ poles NNS from IN the DT liberal JJ Jefferson NNP COMMA COMMA who WP held VBD that IN the DT best JJS government NN was VBD the DT least JJS government NN . . Yet CC paradoxically RB my PRP$ liberal JJ friends NNS continue VBP to TO view VB Jefferson NNP as IN one NN of IN their PRP$ patron NN saints NNS . . When WRB I PRP question VBP them PRP as IN to TO what WP they PRP mean VBP by IN concepts NNS like IN liberty NN and CC democracy NN COMMA COMMA I PRP find VBP that IN they PRP fall VBP into IN two CD categories NNS : : the DT simpler JJR ones NNS who WP have VBP simply RB accepted VBN the DT shibboleths NNS of IN their PRP$ faith NN without IN analysis NN ; : and CC the DT intelligent JJ COMMA COMMA cynical JJ ones NNS who WP scornfully RB reply VBP that IN these DT things NNS do VBP n't RB count VB any DT more RBR in IN the DT world NN of IN to-day NN . . I PRP am VBP naive JJ COMMA COMMA they PRP say VBP COMMA COMMA to TO make VB use NN of IN such DT words NNS . . I PRP take VBP this DT to TO mean VB that IN the DT intelligent JJ -- : and CC therefore RB necessarily RB cynical JJ ? . -- : liberal NN considers VBZ that IN the DT need NN for IN a DT national JJ economy NN with IN controls NNS that WDT will MD assure VB his PRP$ conception NN of IN social JJ justice NN is VBZ so RB great JJ that IN individual JJ and CC local JJ liberties NNS as RB well RB as IN democratic JJ processes NNS may MD have VB to TO yield VB before IN it PRP . . This DT seems VBZ like IN an DT attitude NN favoring VBG a DT sort NN of IN totalitarian JJ bureaucracy NN which WDT COMMA COMMA under IN a DT President NN of IN the DT same JJ stamp NN COMMA COMMA would MD try VB to TO coerce VB an DT uncooperative JJ Congress NNP or CC Supreme NNP Court NNP . . As IN for IN states NNS ' POS rights NNS COMMA COMMA they PRP have VBP never RB counted VBN in IN the DT thinking NN of IN my PRP$ liberal JJ friends NNS except IN as IN irritations NNS of IN a DT minor JJ and CC immoral JJ nature NN which WDT exist VBP now RB only RB as IN anachronisms NNS . . The DT American JJ liberal NN may MD COMMA COMMA in IN the DT world NN of IN to-day NN COMMA COMMA have VB a DT strong JJ case NN ; : but CC he PRP presents VBZ it PRP publicly RB so RB enmeshed JJ in IN hypocrisy NN that IN it PRP is VBZ not RB an DT honest JJ one NN . . Why WRB COMMA COMMA in IN the DT first JJ place NN COMMA COMMA call VB himself PRP a DT liberal NN if IN he PRP is VBZ against IN laissez-faire NN and CC favors VBZ an DT authoritarian JJ central JJ government NN with IN womb NN - HYPH to IN - HYPH tomb NN controls NNS over IN everybody NN ? . If IN he PRP attaches VBZ little JJ importance NN to TO personal JJ liberty NN COMMA COMMA why WRB not RB make VB this DT known JJ to TO the DT world NN ? . And CC if IN he PRP is VBZ so RB scornful JJ of IN the DT rights NNS of IN states NNS COMMA COMMA why WRB not RB advocate VB a DT different JJ sort NN of IN constitution NN that WDT he PRP could MD more RBR sincerely RB support VB ? . I PRP am VBP concerned JJ here RB COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA with IN the DT Northern JJ liberal NN 's POS attitude NN toward IN the DT South NNP . . It PRP appears VBZ to TO be VB one NN of IN intense JJ dislike NN COMMA COMMA which WDT he PRP makes VBZ little JJ effort NN to TO conceal VB even RB in IN the DT presence NN of IN Southern JJ friends NNS . . His PRP$ assumption NN seems VBZ to TO be VB that IN any DT such DT friends NNS COMMA COMMA being VBG tolerable JJ humans NNS COMMA COMMA must MD be VB more RBR liberal JJ than IN most JJS Southerners NNPS and CC therefore RB at IN least JJS partly RB in IN sympathy NN with IN his PRP$ views NNS . . Time NNP 's POS editor NN COMMA COMMA Thomas NNP Griffith NNP COMMA COMMA in IN his PRP$ book NN COMMA COMMA The DT Waist NNP - HYPH High NNP Culture NNP COMMA COMMA wrote VBD : : `` `` most JJS of IN what WP was VBD different JJ about IN it PRP ( ( the DT Deep NNP South NNP ) ) I PRP found VBD myself PRP unsympathetic JJ to TO . . '' '' This DT COMMA COMMA for IN the DT liberals NNS I PRP know VBP COMMA COMMA would MD be VB an DT understatement NN . . Theirs PRP is VBZ no DT mere JJ lack NN of IN sympathy NN COMMA COMMA but CC something NN closer JJR to TO the DT passionate JJ hatred NN that WDT was VBD directed VBN against IN Fascism NNP . . I PRP do VBP not RB think VB that IN my PRP$ experience NN would MD be VB typical JJ for IN Southerners NNPS living VBG in IN the DT North NNP . . In IN business NN circles NNS COMMA COMMA usually RB conservative JJ COMMA COMMA this DT sort NN of IN atmosphere NN would MD hardly RB be VB found VBN . . But CC in IN our PRP$ case NN -- : and CC neither CC my PRP$ wife NN nor CC I PRP have VBP extreme JJ views NNS on IN integration NN COMMA COMMA nor CC are VBP we PRP given VBN to TO emotional JJ outbursts NNS -- : the DT situation NN has VBZ ruined VBN one CD or CC two CD valued JJ friendships NNS and CC come VBN close RB to TO wrecking VBG several JJ more JJR . . In IN fact NN it PRP has VBZ caused VBN us PRP to TO give VB serious JJ thought NN to TO moving VBG our PRP$ residence NN south RB COMMA COMMA because IN it PRP is VBZ not RB easy JJ for IN the DT most JJS objective JJ Southerner NNP to TO sit VB calmly RB by RB when WRB his PRP$ host NN is VBZ telling VBG a DT roomful NN of IN people NNS that IN the DT only JJ way NN to TO deal VB with IN Southerners NNPS who WP oppose VBP integration NN is VBZ to TO send VB in RP troops NNS and CC shoot VB the DT bastards NNS down RP . . Accounts NNS have VBP been VBN published VBN of IN Northern JJ liberals NNS in IN the DT South NNP up IN against IN segregationist JJ prejudice NN COMMA COMMA especially RB in IN state NN - HYPH supported VBN universities NNS where WRB pressure NN may MD be VB strong JJ to TO uphold VB the DT majority NN view NN . . But CC these DT accounts NNS do VBP not RB show VB that IN Northerners NNPS have VBP been VBN subjected VBN to TO embarrassment NN or CC provocation NN by IN Yankee NNP - HYPH hatred NN displayed VBN in IN social JJ gatherings NNS . . From IN my PRP$ wife NN 's POS experience NN and CC other JJ sources NNS COMMA COMMA this DT seems VBZ to TO be VB rarely RB encountered VBN in IN educated JJ circles NNS . . The DT strong JJ feeling NN is VBZ certainly RB there RB ; : but CC there EX is VBZ a DT leavening NN of IN liberalism NN among IN college NN graduates NNS throughout IN the DT South NNP COMMA COMMA especially RB among IN those DT who WP studied VBD in IN the DT North NNP . . And CC social JJ relations NNS arising VBG out IN of IN business NN ties NNS impose VBP courtesy NN COMMA COMMA if IN not RB sympathy NN COMMA COMMA toward IN resident JJ and CC visiting VBG Northerners NNPS . . Also RB COMMA COMMA among IN the DT latter NN a DT large JJ percentage NN soon RB acquire VBP the DT prevalent JJ Southern JJ attitude NN on IN most JJS social JJ problems NNS . . There EX are VBP of IN course NN many JJ Souths NNPS ; : but CC for IN this DT discussion NN the DT most RB important JJ division NN is VBZ between IN those DT who WP have VBP been VBN reconstructed VBN and CC those DT who WP have VBP n't RB . . My PRP$ definition NN of IN this DT much RB abused VBN adjective NN is VBZ that IN a DT reconstructed VBN rebel NN is VBZ one PRP who WP is VBZ glad JJ that IN the DT North NNP won VBD the DT War NNP . . Nobody NN knows VBZ how WRB many JJ Southerners NNPS there EX are VBP in IN this DT category NN . . I PRP suspect VBP that IN there EX are VBP far RB more RBR unreconstructed JJ ones NNS than IN the DT North NNP likes VBZ to TO believe VB . . I PRP never RB heard VBD of IN a DT poll NN being VBG taken VBN on IN the DT question NN . . No DT doubt NN such DT a DT thing NN would MD be VB considered VBN unpatriotic JJ . . Prior RB to TO 1954 CD I PRP imagine VBP that IN a DT majority NN of IN Southerners NNPS would MD have VB voted VBN against IN the DT Confederacy NNP . . Since IN the DT Supreme NNP Court NNP 's POS decision NN of IN that DT year NN this DT is VBZ more RBR doubtful JJ ; : and CC if IN a DT poll NN had VBD been VBN taken VBN immediately RB following VBG the DT dispatch NN of IN troops NNS to TO Little NNP Rock NNP I PRP believe VBP the DT majority NN would MD have VB been VBN for IN the DT Old NNP South NNP . . Belief NN in IN the DT traditional JJ way NN of IN life NN persists VBZ much RB more RBR in IN the DT older JJR states NNS than IN in IN the DT new JJ ones NNS . . Probably RB a DT larger JJR percentage NN of IN Virginians NNPS and CC South NNPS Carolinians NNPS remain VBP unreconstructed JJ than IN elsewhere RB COMMA COMMA with IN Georgia NNP COMMA COMMA North NNP Carolina NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Alabama NNP following VBG along RB after IN them PRP . . Old JJ attitudes NNS are VBP held VBN more RBR tenaciously RB in IN the DT Tidewater NNP than IN the DT Piedmont NNP ; : so IN that IN a DT line NN running VBG down IN the DT length NN of IN the DT South NNP marking VBG the DT upper JJ limits NNS of IN tidewater NN would MD roughly RB divide VB the DT Old NNP South NNP from IN the DT new JJ COMMA COMMA but CC with IN COMMA COMMA of IN course NN COMMA COMMA important JJ minority NN enclaves NNS . . The DT long RB - HYPH settled VBN areas NNS of IN states NNS like IN Virginia NNP and CC South NNP Carolina NNP developed VBD the DT ante-bellum JJ culture NN to TO its PRP$ richest JJS flowering NN COMMA COMMA and CC there RB the DT memory NN is VBZ more RBR precious JJ COMMA COMMA and CC the DT consciousness NN of IN loss NN the DT greater JJR . . Also RB COMMA COMMA we PRP should MD not RB even RB to-day NN discount VB the DT fact NN that IN a DT region NN such JJ as IN the DT coastal JJ lowlands NNS centering VBG on IN Charleston NNP had VBD closer JJR ties NNS with IN England NNP and CC the DT West NNP Indies NNP than IN with IN the DT North NNP even RB after IN independence NN . . The DT social JJ and CC psychological JJ consequences NNS of IN this DT continue VBP to TO affect VB the DT area NN . . In IN certain JJ respects NNS defeat NN increased VBD the DT persistent JJ Anglophilia NNP of IN the DT Old NNP South NNP . . Poor JJ where WRB they PRP had VBD once RB been VBN rich JJ COMMA COMMA humbled JJ where WRB they PRP had VBD been VBN arrogant JJ COMMA COMMA having VBG no RB longer RB any DT hope NN of IN sharing VBG in IN the DT leadership NN of IN the DT nation NN COMMA COMMA the DT rebels NNS who WP would MD not RB surrender VB in IN spirit NN drew VBD comfort NN from IN the DT sympathy NN they PRP felt VBD extended VBN to TO them PRP by IN the DT mother NN country NN . . And CC no DT doubt NN many JJ people NNS in IN states NNS like IN the DT Carolinas NNPS and CC Georgia NNP COMMA COMMA which WDT were VBD among IN the DT most RBS Tory JJ in IN sentiment NN in IN the DT eighteenth JJ century NN COMMA COMMA bitterly RB regretted VBD the DT revolt NN against IN the DT Crown NN . . Among IN Bourbons NNPS the DT racial JJ issue NN may MD have VB less JJR to TO do VB with IN their PRP$ remaining VBG unreconstructed JJ than IN other JJ factors NNS . . All DT Southerners NNPS agree VBP that IN slavery NN had VBD to TO go VB ; : but CC many JJ historians NNS maintain VBP that IN except IN for IN Northern JJ meddling NN it PRP would MD have VB ended VBN in IN states NNS like IN Virginia NNP years NNS before IN it PRP did VBD . . Southern JJ resentment NN has VBZ been VBN over IN the DT method NN of IN its PRP$ ending NN COMMA COMMA the DT invasion NN COMMA COMMA and CC Reconstruction NNP ; : their PRP$ fears NNS now RB are VBP of IN miscegenation NN and CC Negro NNP political JJ control NN in IN many JJ counties NNS . . But CC apart RB from IN racial JJ problems NNS COMMA COMMA the DT old JJ unreconstructed JJ South NNP -- : to TO use VB the DT moderate JJ words NNS favored VBN by IN Mr. NNP Thomas NNP Griffith NNP -- : finds VBZ itself PRP unsympathetic JJ to TO most JJS of IN what WDT is VBZ different JJ about IN the DT civilization NN of IN the DT North NNP . . And CC this DT COMMA COMMA in IN effect NN COMMA COMMA means VBZ most JJS of IN modern JJ America NNP . . It PRP is VBZ hard JJ to TO see VB how WRB the DT situation NN could MD be VB otherwise RB . . And CC therein RB COMMA COMMA I PRP feel VBP COMMA COMMA many JJ Northerners NNPS delude VBP themselves PRP about IN the DT South NNP . . For IN one CD thing NN COMMA COMMA this DT is VBZ not RB a DT subject NN often RB discussed VBN or CC analyzed VBN . . There EX seems VBZ to TO be VB almost RB a DT conspiracy NN of IN silence NN veiling VBG it PRP . . I PRP suppose VBP the DT reason NN is VBZ a DT kind NN of IN wishful JJ thinking NN : : do VBP n't RB talk VB about IN the DT final JJ stages NNS of IN Reconstruction NNP and CC they PRP will MD take VB care NN of IN themselves PRP . . Or CC else RB the DT North NNP really RB believes VBZ that IN all DT Southerners NNPS except IN a DT few JJ quaint JJ old JJ characters NNS have VBP come VBN around RB to TO realizing VBG the DT errors NNS of IN their PRP$ past NN COMMA COMMA and CC are VBP now RB at IN heart NN sharers NNS of IN the DT American NNP Dream NNP COMMA COMMA like IN everybody NN else RB . . If IN the DT circumstances NNS are VBP faced VBN frankly RB it PRP is VBZ not RB reasonable JJ to TO expect VB this DT to TO be VB true JJ . . The DT situation NN of IN the DT South NNP since IN 1865 CD has VBZ been VBN unique JJ in IN the DT western JJ world NN . . Regardless RB of IN rights NNS and CC wrongs NNS COMMA COMMA a DT population NN and CC an DT area NN appropriate JJ to TO a DT pre AFX - HYPH World NNP - HYPH War NNP - HYPH 1 CD great JJ power NN have VBP been VBN COMMA COMMA following VBG conquest NN COMMA COMMA ruled VBN against IN their PRP$ will NN by IN a DT neighboring VBG people NNS COMMA COMMA and CC have VBP had VBN imposed VBN upon IN them PRP social JJ and CC economic JJ controls NNS they PRP dislike VBP . . And CC the DT great JJ majority NN of IN these DT people NNS are VBP of IN Anglo-Saxon JJ or CC Celtic JJ descent NN . . This DT is VBZ the DT only JJ case NN in IN modern JJ history NN of IN a DT people NNS of IN Britannic JJ origin NN submitting VBG without IN continued VBN struggle NN to TO what WDT they PRP view VBP as IN foreign JJ domination NN . . The DT fact NN is VBZ due JJ mainly RB to TO international JJ wars NNS COMMA COMMA both CC hot JJ and CC cold JJ . . In IN every DT war NN of IN the DT United NNP States NNP since IN the DT Civil NNP War NNP the DT South NNP was VBD more RB belligerent JJ than IN the DT rest NN of IN the DT country NN . . So CC instead RB of IN being VBG tests NNS of IN the DT South NNP 's POS loyalty NN COMMA COMMA the DT Spanish NNP War NNP COMMA COMMA the DT two CD World NNP Wars NNPS COMMA COMMA and CC the DT Korean NNP War NNP all DT served VBD to TO overcome VB old JJ grievances NNS and CC cement VB reunion NN . . And CC there EX is VBZ no DT section NN of IN the DT nation NN more RB ardent JJ than IN the DT South NNP in IN the DT cold JJ war NN against IN Communism NNP . . Had VBD the DT situation NN been VBN reversed VBN COMMA COMMA had VBD COMMA COMMA for IN instance NN COMMA COMMA England NNP been VBN the DT enemy NN in IN 1898 CD because IN of IN issues NNS of IN concern NN chiefly RB to TO New NNP England NNP COMMA COMMA there EX is VBZ little JJ doubt NN that IN large JJ numbers NNS of IN Southerners NNPS would MD have VB happily RB put VBN on RP their PRP$ old JJ Confederate JJ uniforms NNS to TO fight VB as IN allies NNS of IN Britain NNP . . It PRP is VBZ extraordinary JJ that IN a DT people NNS as IN proud JJ and CC warlike JJ as IN Southerners NNPS should MD have VB been VBN as RB docile JJ as IN they PRP have VBP . . The DT North NNP should MD thank VB its PRP$ stars NNS that IN such JJ has VBZ been VBN the DT case NN ; : but CC at IN the DT same JJ time NN it PRP should MD not RB draw VB false JJ inferences NNS therefrom RB . . The DT two CD main JJ charges NNS levelled VBN against IN the DT Bourbons NNPS by IN liberals NNS is VBZ that IN they PRP are VBP racists NNS and CC social JJ reactionaries NNS . . There EX is VBZ much JJ truth NN in IN both DT these DT charges NNS COMMA COMMA and CC not RB many JJ Bourbons NNPS deny VBP them PRP . . Whatever WDT their PRP$ faults NNS COMMA COMMA they PRP are VBP not RB hypocrites NNS . . Most JJS of IN them PRP sincerely RB believe VBP that IN the DT Anglo-Saxon NNP is VBZ the DT best JJS race NN in IN the DT world NN and CC that IN it PRP should MD remain VB pure JJ . . Many JJ Northeners NNPS believe VBP this DT COMMA COMMA too RB COMMA COMMA but CC few JJ of IN them PRP will MD say VB so RB publicly RB . . The DT Bourbon NNP economic JJ philosophy NN COMMA COMMA moreover RB COMMA COMMA is VBZ not RB very RB different JJ from IN that DT of IN Northern JJ conservatives NNS . . But CC those DT among IN the DT Bourbons NNPS who WP remain VBP unreconstructed JJ go VBP much RB further RB than IN this DT . . They PRP believe VBP that IN if IN the DT South NNP had VBD been VBN let VBN alone JJ it PRP would MD have VB produced VBN a DT civilization NN superior JJ to TO that DT of IN modern JJ America NNP . . As IN it PRP is VBZ COMMA COMMA they PRP consider VBP that IN the DT North NNP is VBZ now RB reaping VBG the DT fruits NNS of IN excess JJ egalitarianism NN COMMA COMMA that IN in IN spite NN of IN its PRP$ high JJ standard NN of IN living NN the DT `` `` American JJ way NN '' '' has VBZ been VBN proved VBN inferior JJ to TO the DT English JJ and CC Scandinavian JJ ways NNS COMMA COMMA although IN they PRP disapprove VBP of IN the DT socialistic JJ features NNS of IN the DT latter JJ . . The DT South NNP 's POS antipathy NN to TO Northern JJ civilization NN includes VBZ such JJ charges NNS as IN poor JJ manners NNS COMMA COMMA harsh JJ accents NNS COMMA COMMA lack NN of IN appreciation NN of IN the DT arts NNS of IN living NN like IN gastronomy NN and CC the DT use NN of IN leisure NN . . Their PRP$ own JJ easier JJR COMMA COMMA slower JJR tempo NN is VBZ especially RB dear JJ to TO Southerners NNPS ; : and CC I PRP have VBP heard VBN many DT say VB that IN they PRP are VBP content JJ to TO earn VB a DT half NN or CC a DT third JJ as RB much JJ as IN they PRP could MD up IN North NNP because IN they PRP so RB much RB prefer VBP the DT quieter JJR habits NNS of IN their PRP$ home NN town NN . . In IN the DT past NN COMMA COMMA the DT duties NNS of IN the DT state NN COMMA COMMA as IN Sir NNP Henry NNP Maine NNP noted VBD long RB ago RB COMMA COMMA were VBD only RB two CD in IN number NN : : internal JJ order NN and CC external JJ security NN . . By IN prevailing VBG over IN other JJ claimants NNS for IN the DT loyalties NNS of IN men NNS COMMA COMMA the DT nation NN - HYPH state NN maintained VBD an DT adequate JJ measure NN of IN certainty NN and CC order NN within IN its PRP$ territorial JJ borders NNS . . Outside IN those DT limits NNS it PRP asserted VBD COMMA COMMA as IN against IN other JJ states NNS COMMA COMMA a DT position NN of IN sovereign JJ equality NN COMMA COMMA and CC COMMA COMMA as IN against IN the DT `` `` inferior JJ '' '' peoples NNS of IN the DT non-Western JJ world NN COMMA COMMA a DT position NN of IN dominance NN . . It PRP became VBD the DT sole JJ `` `` subject NN '' '' of IN `` `` international JJ law NN '' '' ( ( a DT term NN which WDT COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ pertinent JJ to TO remember VB COMMA COMMA was VBD coined VBN by IN Bentham NNP ) ) COMMA COMMA a DT body NN of IN legal JJ principle NN which WDT by RB and CC large RB was VBD made VBN up RP of IN what WP Western JJ nations NNS could MD do VB in IN the DT world NN arena NN . . ( ( That IN corpus NN of IN law NN was VBD a DT reflection NN of IN the DT power NN system NN in IN existence NN during IN the DT eighteenth JJ and CC nineteenth JJ centuries NNS . . Speaking VBG generally RB COMMA COMMA it PRP furthered VBD -- : and CC still RB tends VBZ to TO further VB -- : the DT interests NNS of IN the DT Western JJ powers NNS . . The DT enormous JJ changes NNS in IN world NN politics NNS have VBP COMMA COMMA however RBR COMMA COMMA thrown VBN it PRP into IN confusion NN COMMA COMMA so RB much RB so RB that IN it PRP is VBZ safe JJ to TO say VB that IN all DT international JJ law NN is VBZ now RB in IN need NN of IN reexamination NN and CC clarification NN in IN light NN of IN the DT social JJ conditions NNS of IN the DT present JJ era NN . . ) ) Beyond IN the DT two CD basic JJ tasks NNS mentioned VBN above RB COMMA COMMA no DT attention NN was VBD paid VBN by IN statesman NN or CC scholar NN to TO an DT idea NN of IN state NN responsibility NN COMMA COMMA either DT internally RB or CC externally RB . . This DT was VBD particularly RB true JJ in IN the DT world NN arena NN COMMA COMMA which WDT was VBD an DT anarchical JJ battleground NN characterized VBN by IN strife NN and CC avaricious JJ competition NN for IN colonial JJ empires NNS . . That IN any DT sort NN of IN duty NN was VBD owed VBN by IN his PRP$ nation NN to TO other JJ nations NNS would MD have VB astonished VBN a DT nineteenth-century JJ statesman NN . . His PRP$ duty NN was VBD to TO his PRP$ sovereign NN and CC to TO his PRP$ nation NN COMMA COMMA and CC an DT extension NN to TO peoples NNS beyond IN the DT territorial JJ boundaries NNS was VBD not RB to TO be VB contemplated VBN . . Thus RB COMMA COMMA to TO cite VB but RB one CD example NN COMMA COMMA the DT Pax NNP Britannica NNP of IN the DT nineteenth JJ century NN COMMA COMMA whether IN with IN the DT British JJ navy NN ruling VBG the DT seas NNS or CC with IN the DT City NNP of IN London NNP ruling VBG world NN finance NN COMMA COMMA was VBD strictly RB national JJ in IN motivation NN COMMA COMMA however RB much RB other JJ nations NNS ( ( e.g. FW COMMA COMMA the DT United NNP States NNP ) ) may MD have VB incidentally RB benefited VBN . . At IN the DT same JJ time NN COMMA COMMA all DT suggestions NNS that IN some DT sort NN of IN societal JJ responsibility NN existed VBD for IN the DT welfare NN of IN the DT people NNS within IN the DT territorial JJ state NN was VBD strongly RB resisted VBN . . Social NNP Darwinism NNP was VBD able JJ to TO stave VB off RP the DT incipient JJ socialist JJ movement NN until IN well RB into IN the DT present JJ century NN . . However RB COMMA COMMA in IN recent JJ decades NNS COMMA COMMA for IN what WP doubtless RB are VBP multiple JJ reasons NNS COMMA COMMA an DT unannounced JJ but CC nonetheless RB readily RB observable JJ shift NN has VBZ occurred VBN in IN both DT facets NNS of IN national JJ activity NN . . A DT concept NN of IN responsibility NN is VBZ in IN process NN of IN articulation NN and CC establishment NN . . Already RB firmly RB implanted VBN internally RB COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ a DT growing VBG factor NN in IN external JJ matters NNS . . A DT little JJ more JJR than IN twenty CD years NNS ago RB the DT American JJ people NNS turned VBD an DT important JJ corner NN . . In IN what WP has VBZ aptly RB been VBN called VBN a DT `` `` constitutional JJ revolution NN '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT basic JJ nature NN of IN government NN was VBD transformed VBN from IN one CD essentially RB negative JJ in IN nature NN ( ( the DT `` `` night NN - HYPH watchman NN state NN '' '' ) ) to TO one CD with IN affirmative JJ duties NNS to TO perform VB . . The DT `` `` positive JJ state NN '' '' came VBD into IN existence NN . . For IN lawyers NNS COMMA COMMA reflecting VBG perhaps RB their PRP$ parochial JJ preferences NNS COMMA COMMA there EX has VBZ been VBN a DT special JJ fascination NN since IN then RB in IN the DT role NN played VBN by IN the DT Supreme NNP Court NNP in IN that DT transformation NN -- : the DT manner NN in IN which WDT its PRP$ decisions NNS altered VBD in IN `` `` the DT switch NN in IN time NN that WDT saved VBD nine CD '' '' COMMA COMMA President NNP Roosevelt NNP 's POS ill-starred JJ but CC in IN effect NN victorious JJ `` `` Court NN - HYPH packing VBG plan NN '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT imprimatur NN of IN judicial JJ approval NN that WDT was VBD finally RB placed VBN upon IN social JJ legislation NN . . Of IN greater JJR importance NN COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA is VBZ the DT content NN of IN those DT programs NNS COMMA COMMA which WDT have VBP had VBN and CC are VBP having VBG enormous JJ consequences NNS for IN the DT American JJ people NNS . . Labor NN relations NNS have VBP been VBN transformed VBN COMMA COMMA income NN security NN has VBZ become VBN a DT standardized JJ feature NN of IN political JJ platforms NNS COMMA COMMA and CC all DT the DT many JJ facets NNS of IN the DT American JJ version NN of IN the DT welfare NN state NN have VBP become VBN part NN of IN the DT conventional JJ wisdom NN . . A DT national JJ consensus NN of IN near JJ unanimity NN exists VBZ that IN these DT governmental JJ efforts NNS are VBP desirable JJ as RB well RB as IN necessary JJ . . Ratified VBN in IN the DT Republican NNP Party NNP victory NN in IN 1952 CD COMMA COMMA the DT Positive NNP State NNP is VBZ now RB evidenced VBN by IN political JJ campaigns NNS being VBG waged VBN not RB on IN whether IN but CC on IN how WRB much JJ social JJ legislation NN there EX should MD be VB . . The DT general JJ acceptance NN of IN the DT idea NN of IN governmental JJ ( ( i.e. FW COMMA COMMA societal JJ ) ) responsibility NN for IN the DT economic JJ well-being NN of IN the DT American JJ people NNS is VBZ surely RB one CD of IN the DT two CD most RBS significant JJ watersheds NNS in IN American JJ constitutional JJ history NN . . The DT other JJ COMMA COMMA of IN course NN COMMA COMMA was VBD the DT Civil NNP War NNP COMMA COMMA the DT conflict NN which WDT a DT century NN ago RB insured VBD national JJ unity NN over IN fragmentation NN . . A DT third JJ COMMA COMMA one CD of IN at IN least JJS equal JJ and CC perhaps RB even RB greater JJR importance NN COMMA COMMA is VBZ now RB being VBG traversed VBN : : American JJ immersion NN and CC involvement NN in IN world NN affairs NNS . . Internal JJ national JJ responsibility NN COMMA COMMA now RB a DT truism NN COMMA COMMA need MD not RB be VB documented VBN . . Nevertheless RB COMMA COMMA it PRP may MD be VB helpful JJ to TO cite VB one CD example NN -- : that DT of IN employment NN -- : for CC COMMA COMMA as IN will MD be VB shown VBN below RB COMMA COMMA it PRP cuts VBZ across IN both DT facets NNS of IN the DT new JJ concept NN . . Thirty CD years NNS ago RB COMMA COMMA while IN the DT nation NN was VBD wallowing VBG in IN economic JJ depression NN COMMA COMMA the DT prevailing VBG philosophy NN of IN government NN was VBD to TO stand VB aside RB and CC allow VB `` `` natural NN forces NNS '' '' to TO operate VB and CC cure VB the DT distress NN . . That IN guiding VBG principle NN of IN the DT Hoover NNP Administration NNP fell VBD to TO the DT siege NN guns NNS of IN the DT New NNP Deal NNP ; : less JJR than IN a DT score NN of IN years NNS later RB Congress NNP enacted VBD the DT Employment NNP Act NNP of IN 1946 CD COMMA COMMA by IN which WDT the DT national JJ government NN assumed VBD the DT responsibility NN of IN taking VBG action NN to TO insure VB conditions NNS of IN maximum JJ employment NN . . Hands NNS - HYPH off IN the DT economy NN was VBD replaced VBN by IN conscious JJ guidance NN through IN planning NN -- : the DT economic JJ side NN of IN the DT constitutional JJ revolution NN . . In IN 1961 CD the DT first JJ important JJ legislative JJ victory NN of IN the DT Kennedy NNP Administration NNP came VBD when WRB the DT principle NN of IN national JJ responsibility NN for IN local JJ economic JJ distress NN won VBD out RP over IN a DT `` `` state NN 's POS - HYPH responsibility NN '' '' proposal NN -- : provision NN was VBD made VBN for IN payment NN for IN unemployment NN relief NN by IN nation NN - HYPH wide JJ taxation NN rather RB than IN by IN a DT levy NN only RB on IN those DT states NNS afflicted VBN with IN manpower NN surplus NN . . The DT American JJ people NNS have VBP indeed RB come VBN a DT long JJ way NN in IN the DT brief JJ interval NN between IN 1930 CD and CC 1961 CD . . Internal JJ national JJ responsibility NN is VBZ a DT societal JJ response NN to TO the DT impact NN of IN the DT Industrial NNP Revolution NNP . . Reduced VBN to TO its PRP$ simplest JJS terms NNS COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ an DT assumption NN of IN a DT collective JJ duty NN to TO compensate VB for IN the DT inability NN of IN individuals NNS to TO cope VB with IN the DT rigors NNS of IN the DT era NN . . National JJ responsibility NN for IN individual JJ welfare NN is VBZ a DT concept NN not RB limited VBN to TO the DT United NNP States NNP or CC even RB to TO the DT Western JJ nations NNS . . A DT measure NN of IN its PRP$ widespread JJ acceptance NN may MD be VB derived VBN from IN a DT statement NN of IN the DT International NNP Congress NNP of IN Jurists NNPS in IN 1959 CD . . Meeting VBG in IN New NNP Delhi NNP under IN the DT auspices NNS of IN the DT International NNP Commission NNP of IN Jurists NNPS COMMA COMMA a DT body NN of IN lawyers NNS from IN the DT free JJ world NN COMMA COMMA the DT Congress NNP redefined VBD and CC expanded VBD the DT traditional JJ Rule NNP of IN Law NNP to TO include VB affirmative JJ governmental JJ duties NNS . . It PRP is VBZ noteworthy JJ that IN the DT majority NN of IN the DT delegates NNS to TO the DT Congress NNP were VBD from IN the DT less RBR developed VBN COMMA COMMA former JJ colonial JJ nations NNS . . The DT Rule NNP of IN Law NNP COMMA COMMA historically RB a DT principle NN according VBG everyone NN his PRP$ `` `` day NN in IN court NN '' '' before IN an DT impartial JJ tribunal NN COMMA COMMA was VBD broadened VBN substantively RB by IN making VBG it PRP a DT responsibility NN of IN government NN to TO promote VB individual JJ welfare NN . . Recognizing VBG that IN the DT Rule NNP of IN Law NNP is VBZ `` `` a DT dynamic JJ concept NN which WDT should MD be VB employed VBN not RB only RB to TO safeguard VB the DT civil JJ and CC political JJ rights NNS of IN the DT individual NN in IN a DT free JJ society NN '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT Congress NNP asserted VBD that IN it PRP also RB included VBD the DT responsibility NN `` `` to TO establish VB social JJ COMMA COMMA economic JJ COMMA COMMA educational JJ and CC cultural JJ conditions NNS under IN which WDT his PRP$ legitimate JJ aspirations NNS and CC dignity NN may MD be VB realized VBN '' '' . . The DT idea NN of IN national JJ responsibility NN thus RB has VBZ become VBN a DT common JJ feature NN of IN the DT nations NNS of IN the DT non-Soviet JJ world NN . . For IN better JJR or CC for IN worse JJR COMMA COMMA we PRP all DT now RB live VBP in IN welfare NN states NNS COMMA COMMA the DT organizing VBG principle NN of IN which WDT is VBZ collective JJ responsibility NN for IN individual JJ well-being NN . . Whether IN a DT concept NN analogous JJ to TO the DT principle NN of IN internal JJ responsibility NN operates VBZ in IN a DT nation NN 's POS external JJ relations NNS is VBZ less RBR obvious JJ and CC more RBR difficult JJ to TO establish VB . . The DT hypothesis NN ventured VBD here RB is VBZ that IN it PRP does VBZ COMMA COMMA and CC that IN evidence NN is VBZ accumulating VBG validating VBG that DT proposition NN . . The DT content NN is VBZ not RB the DT same JJ COMMA COMMA however RB : : rather RB than IN individual JJ security NN COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ the DT security NN and CC continuing VBG existence NN of IN an DT `` `` ideological JJ group NN '' '' -- : those DT in IN the DT `` `` free JJ world NN '' '' -- : that WDT is VBZ basic JJ . . External JJ national JJ responsibility NN involves VBZ a DT burgeoning VBG requirement NN that IN the DT leaders NNS of IN the DT Western JJ nations NNS so RB guide VBP their PRP$ decisions NNS as IN to TO further VB the DT viability NN of IN other JJ friendly JJ nations NNS . . If IN internal JJ responsibility NN suggests VBZ acceptance NN of IN the DT socialist JJ ideal NN of IN equality NN COMMA COMMA then RB external JJ responsibility NN implies VBZ adherence NN to TO principles NNS of IN ideological JJ supranationalism NN . . Reference NN to TO two CD other JJ concepts NNS -- : nationalism NN and CC sovereignty NN -- : may MD help VB to TO reveal VB the DT contours NNS of IN the DT new JJ principle NN . . In IN its PRP$ beginnings NNS the DT nation NN - HYPH state NN had VBD to TO struggle VB to TO assert VB itself PRP -- : internally RB COMMA COMMA against IN feudal JJ groups NNS COMMA COMMA and CC externally RB COMMA COMMA against IN the DT power NN and CC influence NN of IN such DT other JJ claimants NNS for IN loyalty NN as IN the DT Church NNP . . The DT breakup NN of IN the DT Holy NNP Roman NNP Empire NNP and CC the DT downfall NN of IN feudalism NN led VBD COMMA COMMA not RB more JJR than IN two CD centuries NNS ago RB COMMA COMMA to TO the DT surge NN of IN nationalism NN . . ( ( Since IN the DT time NN - HYPH span NN of IN the DT nation NN - HYPH state NN coincides VBZ roughly RB with IN the DT separate JJ existence NN of IN the DT United NNP States NNP as IN an DT independent JJ entity NN COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ perhaps RB natural JJ for IN Americans NNPS to TO think VB of IN the DT nation NN as IN representative JJ of IN the DT highest JJS form NN of IN order NN COMMA COMMA something NN permanent JJ and CC unchanging JJ . . ) ) The DT concept NN of IN nationalism NN is VBZ the DT political JJ principle NN that WDT epitomizes VBZ and CC glorifies VBZ the DT territorial JJ state NN as IN the DT characteristic JJ type NN of IN socal JJ structure NN . . But CC it PRP is VBZ more JJR than IN that DT . . For CC it PRP includes VBZ the DT emotional JJ ties NNS that WDT bind VBP men NNS to TO their PRP$ homeland NN and CC the DT complex JJ motivations NNS that WDT hold VBP a DT large JJ group NN of IN people NNS together RB as IN a DT unit NN . . Today NN COMMA COMMA as IN new JJ nations NNS rise VBP from IN the DT former JJ colonial NN empires NNS COMMA COMMA nationalism NN is VBZ one CD of IN the DT hurricane NN forces NNS loose JJ in IN the DT world NN . . Almost RB febrile JJ in IN intensity NN COMMA COMMA the DT principle NN has VBZ become VBN worldwide JJ in IN application NN -- : unfortunately RB at IN the DT very JJ time NN that WDT nationalist JJ fervors NNS can MD wreak VB greatest JJS harm NN . . Historically RB COMMA COMMA however RBR COMMA COMMA the DT concept NN is VBZ one NN that WDT has VBZ been VBN of IN marked JJ benefit NN to TO the DT people NNS of IN the DT Western JJ civilizational JJ group NN . . By IN subduing VBG disparate JJ lesser JJR groups NNS the DT nation NN has VBZ COMMA COMMA to TO some DT degree NN at IN least JJS COMMA COMMA broadened VBN the DT capacity NN for IN individual JJ liberty NN . . Within IN their PRP$ confines NNS COMMA COMMA moreover RB COMMA COMMA technological JJ and CC industrial JJ growth NN has VBZ proceeded VBN at IN an DT accelerated VBN pace NN COMMA COMMA thus RB increasing VBG the DT cornucopia NN from IN which WDT material NN wants NNS can MD be VB satisfied VBN . . While IN the DT pattern NN is VBZ uneven JJ COMMA COMMA some DT having VBG gained VBN more JJR than IN others NNS COMMA COMMA nationalism NN has VBZ in IN fact NN served VBN the DT Western JJ peoples NNS well RB . . ( ( Whether IN historical JJ nationalism NN helped VBD the DT peoples NNS of IN the DT remainder NN of IN the DT world NN COMMA COMMA and CC whether IN today NN 's POS nationalism NN in IN the DT former JJ colonial JJ areas NNS has VBZ equally RB beneficial JJ aspects NNS COMMA COMMA are VBP other JJ questions NNS . . ) ) It PRP is VBZ one CD of IN the DT ironic JJ quirks NNS of IN history NN that IN the DT viability NN and CC usefulness NN of IN nationalism NN and CC the DT territorial JJ state NN are VBP rapidly RB dissipating VBG at IN precisely RB the DT time NN that WDT the DT nation NN - HYPH state NN attained VBD its PRP$ highest JJS number NN ( ( approximately RB 100 CD ) ) . . But CC it PRP is VBZ more JJR than IN irony NN : : one CD of IN the DT main JJ reasons NNS why WRB nationalism NN is VBZ no RB longer RBR a DT tenable JJ concept NN is VBZ because IN it PRP has VBZ spread VBN throughout IN the DT planet NN . . In IN other JJ words NNS COMMA COMMA nationalism NN worked VBD well RB enough RB when WRB it PRP had VBD limited VBN application NN COMMA COMMA both CC as IN to TO geography NN and CC as IN to TO population NN ; : it PRP becomes VBZ a DT perilous JJ anachronism NN when WRB adopted VBN on IN a DT world NN - HYPH wide JJ basis NN . . Complementing VBG the DT political JJ principle NN of IN nationalism NN is VBZ the DT legal JJ principle NN of IN sovereignty NN . . The DT former JJ receives VBZ its PRP$ legitimacy NN from IN the DT latter JJ . . Operating VBG side NN by IN side NN COMMA COMMA together RB they PRP helped VBD shore VB up RP the DT nation NN - HYPH state NN . . While IN sovereignty NN has VBZ roots NNS in IN antiquity NN COMMA COMMA in IN its PRP$ present JJ usage NN it PRP is VBZ essentially RB modern NN . . Jean NNP Bodin NNP COMMA COMMA writing VBG in IN the DT sixteenth JJ century NN COMMA COMMA may MD have VB been VBN the DT seminal JJ thinker NN COMMA COMMA but CC it PRP was VBD the DT vastly RB influential JJ John NNP Austin NNP who WP set VBD out RP the DT main JJ lines NNS of IN the DT concept NN as IN now RB understood VBN . . Austin NNP 's POS nineteenth-century JJ view NN of IN law NN and CC sovereignty NN still RB dominates VBZ much JJ of IN today NN 's POS legal JJ and CC political JJ thinking NN . . To TO him PRP COMMA COMMA law NN is VBZ the DT command NN of IN the DT sovereign NN ( ( the DT English JJ monarch NN ) ) who WP personifies VBZ the DT power NN of IN the DT nation NN COMMA COMMA while IN sovereignty NN is VBZ the DT power NN to TO make VB law NN -- : i.e. FW COMMA COMMA to TO prevail VB over IN internal JJ groups NNS and CC to TO be VB free JJ from IN the DT commands NNS of IN other JJ sovereigns NNS in IN other JJ nations NNS . . These DT fundamental JJ ideas NNS -- : the DT indivisibility NN of IN sovereignty NN and CC its PRP$ dual JJ ( ( internal JJ - HYPH external JJ ) ) aspects NNS -- : still RB remain VBP the DT core NN of IN that DT concept NN of IN ultimate JJ political JJ power NN . . The DT nation NN - HYPH state NN COMMA COMMA then RB COMMA COMMA exemplifies VBZ the DT principle NN of IN nationalism NN and CC exercises VBZ sovereignty NN : : supreme JJ power NN over IN domestic JJ affairs NNS and CC independence NN from IN outside JJ control NN . . In IN fact NN COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA both DT principles NNS have VBP always RB been VBN nebulous JJ and CC loosely RB defined JJ . . High-level JJ abstractions NNS are VBP always RB difficult JJ to TO pin VB down RP with IN precision NN . . That DT is VBZ particularly RB true JJ of IN sovereignty NN when WRB it PRP is VBZ applied VBN to TO democratic JJ societies NNS COMMA COMMA in IN which WDT `` `` popular JJ '' '' sovereignty NN is VBZ said VBD to TO exist VB COMMA COMMA and CC in IN federal JJ nations NNS COMMA COMMA in IN which WDT the DT jobs NNS of IN government NN are VBP split VBN . . Nevertheless RB COMMA COMMA nationalism NN and CC sovereignty NN are VBP reputed JJ COMMA COMMA in IN the DT accepted VBN wisdom NN COMMA COMMA to TO describe VB the DT modern JJ world NN . . Is VBZ there EX a DT different JJ reality NN behind IN the DT facade NN ? . Does VBZ the DT surface NN hide VB a DT quite RB different JJ picture NN ? . The DT short JJ answer NN to TO those DT questions NNS is VBZ `` `` yes UH '' '' . . Both DT concepts NNS are VBP undergoing VBG alteration NN ; : to TO some DT degree NN they PRP are VBP being VBG supplanted VBN by IN a DT concept NN of IN national JJ responsibility NN . . As IN evidence NN to TO support VB that DT view NN COMMA COMMA consider VB the DT following VBG illustrative JJ instances NNS . . Can MD thermonuclear JJ war NN be VB set VBN off RP by IN accident NN ? . What WDT steps NNS have VBP been VBN taken VBN to TO guard VB against IN the DT one CD sort NN of IN mishap NN that WDT could MD trigger VB the DT destruction NN of IN continents NNS ? . Are VBP we PRP as RB safe JJ as IN we PRP should MD be VB from IN such JJ a DT disaster NN ? . Is VBZ anything NN being VBG done VBN to TO increase VB our PRP$ margin NN of IN safety NN ? . Will MD the DT danger NN increase VB or CC decrease VB ? . I PRP have VBP just RB asked VBN these DT questions NNS in IN the DT Pentagon NNP COMMA COMMA in IN the DT White NNP House NNP COMMA COMMA in IN offices NNS of IN key JJ scientists NNS across IN the DT country NN and CC aboard IN the DT submarines NNS that WDT prowl VBP for IN months NNS underwater RB COMMA COMMA with IN neat JJ rows NNS of IN green JJ launch NN tubes NNS which WDT contain VBP Polaris NNP missiles NNS and CC which WDT are VBP affectionately RB known VBN as IN `` `` Sherwood NNP Forest NNP '' '' . . I PRP asked VBD the DT same JJ questions NNS inside IN the DT launch NN - HYPH control NN rooms NNS of IN an DT Atlas NNP missile NN base NN in IN Wyoming NNP COMMA COMMA where WRB officers NNS who WP wear VBP sidearms NNS are VBP manning VBG the DT `` `` commit JJ buttons NNS '' '' that WDT could MD start VB a DT war NN -- : accidentally RB or CC by IN design NN -- : and CC in IN the DT command NN centers NNS where WRB other JJ pistol NN - HYPH packing VBG men NNS could MD give VB orders NNS to TO push VB such JJ buttons NNS . . To TO the DT men NNS in IN the DT instrument NN - HYPH jammed VBN bomber NN cockpits NNS COMMA COMMA submarine JJ compartments NNS and CC the DT antiseptic JJ COMMA COMMA windowless JJ rooms NNS that WDT would MD be VB the DT foxholes NNS of IN tomorrow NN 's POS impersonal JJ intercontinental JJ wars NNS COMMA COMMA the DT questions NNS seem VBP farfetched JJ . . There EX is VBZ unceasing JJ pressure NN COMMA COMMA but CC its PRP$ sources NNS are VBP immediate JJ . . `` `` Readiness NN exercises NNS '' '' are VBP almost RB continuous JJ . . Each DT could MD be VB the DT real JJ thing NN . . In IN the DT command NN centers NNS there EX are VBP special JJ clocks NNS ready JJ to TO tick VB off RP the DT minutes NNS elapsed VBN since IN `` `` E NN hour NN '' '' . . `` `` E NN '' '' stands VBZ for IN `` `` execution NN '' '' -- : the DT moment NN a DT `` `` go VB order NN '' '' would MD unleash VB an DT American JJ nuclear JJ strike NN . . There EX is VBZ little JJ time NN for IN the DT men NNS in IN the DT command NN centers NNS to TO reflect VB about IN the DT implications NNS of IN these DT clocks NNS . . They PRP are VBP preoccupied JJ riding VBG herd NN on IN control NN panels NNS COMMA COMMA switches NNS COMMA COMMA flashing VBG colored JJ lights NNS on IN pale JJ green JJ or CC gray JJ consoles NNS that WDT look VBP like IN business NN machines NNS . . They PRP know VBP little JJ about IN their PRP$ machinery NN beyond IN mechanical JJ details NNS . . Accidental JJ war NN is VBZ so RB sensitive JJ a DT subject NN that IN most JJS of IN the DT people NNS who WP could MD become VB directly RB involved VBN in IN one CD are VBP told VBN just RB enough RB so IN they PRP can MD perform VB their PRP$ portions NNS of IN incredibly RB complex JJ tasks NNS . . Among IN the DT policy NN makers NNS COMMA COMMA generals NNS COMMA COMMA physicists NNS COMMA COMMA psychologists NNS and CC others NNS charged VBN with IN controlling VBG the DT actions NNS of IN the DT button NN pushers NNS and CC their PRP$ `` `` hardware NN '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT answers NNS to TO my PRP$ questions NNS varied VBD partly RB according VBG to TO a DT man NN 's POS flair NN for IN what WP the DT professionals NNS in IN this DT field NN call VBP `` `` scenarios NNS '' '' . . As IN an DT Air NNP Force NNP psychiatrist NN put VBD it PRP : : `` `` You PRP ca MD n't RB have VB dry JJ runs NNS on IN this DT one NN '' '' . . The DT experts NNS are VBP thus RB forced VBN to TO hypothesize VB sequences NNS of IN events NNS that WDT have VBP never RB occurred VBN COMMA COMMA probably RB never RB will MD -- : but CC possibly RB might MD . . Only RB one CD rule NN prevailed VBD in IN my PRP$ conversations NNS with IN these DT men NNS : : The DT more RBR highly RB placed VBN they PRP are VBP -- : that DT is VBZ COMMA COMMA the DT more JJR they PRP know VBP -- : the DT more RBR concerned JJ they PRP have VBP become VBN . . Already RB accidental JJ war NN is VBZ a DT silent JJ guest NN at IN the DT discussions NNS within IN the DT Kennedy NNP Administration NNP about IN the DT urgency NN of IN disarmament NN and CC nearly RB all DT other JJ questions NNS of IN national JJ security NN . . Only RB recently RB new JJ `` `` holes NNS '' '' were VBD discovered VBN in IN our PRP$ safety NN measures NNS COMMA COMMA and CC a DT search NN is VBZ now RB on RB for IN more JJR . . Work NN is VBZ under IN way NN to TO see VB whether IN new JJ restraining VBG devices NNS should MD be VB installed VBN on IN all DT nuclear JJ weapons NNS . . Meanwhile RB COMMA COMMA the DT experts NNS speak VBP of IN wars NNS triggered VBN by IN `` `` false JJ pre-emption JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA `` `` escalation NN '' '' COMMA COMMA `` `` unauthorized JJ behavior NN '' '' and CC other JJ terms NNS that WDT will MD be VB discussed VBN in IN this DT report NN . . They PRP inhabit VBP a DT secret JJ world NN centered VBN on IN `` `` go VB codes NNS '' '' and CC `` `` gold JJ phones NNS '' '' . . Their PRP$ conversations NNS were VBD COMMA COMMA almost RB invariably RB COMMA COMMA accompanied VBN by IN the DT same JJ gestures NNS -- : arms NNS and CC pointed VBN forefingers NNS darting VBG toward IN each DT other JJ in IN arclike JJ semicircular JJ motions NNS . . One CD arm NN represented VBD our PRP$ bombers NNS and CC missiles NNS COMMA COMMA the DT other JJ arm NN `` `` theirs PRP '' '' . . Yet RB implicit JJ in IN each DT movement NN was VBD the DT death NN of IN millions NNS COMMA COMMA perhaps RB hundreds NNS of IN millions NNS COMMA COMMA perhaps RB you PRP and CC me PRP -- : and CC the DT experts NNS . . These DT men NNS are VBP not RB callous JJ . . It PRP is VBZ their PRP$ job NN to TO think VB about IN the DT unthinkable JJ . . Unanimously RB they PRP believe VBP that IN the DT world NN would MD become VB a DT safer JJR place NN if IN more JJR of IN us PRP -- : and CC more JJR Russians NNPS and CC Communist NNPS Chinese NNPS COMMA COMMA too RB -- : thought VBD about IN accidental JJ war NN . . The DT first JJ systematic JJ thinking NN about IN this DT Pandora NNP 's POS box NN within IN Pandora NNP 's POS boxes NNS was VBD done VBN four CD years NNS ago RB by IN Fred NNP Ikle NNP COMMA COMMA a DT frail JJ COMMA COMMA meek-mannered JJ Swiss NNP - HYPH born VBN sociologist NN . . He PRP was VBD COMMA COMMA and CC is VBZ COMMA COMMA with IN the DT RAND NNP Corporation NNP COMMA COMMA a DT nonprofit JJ pool NN of IN thinkers NNS financed VBN by IN the DT U.S. NNP Air NNP Force NNP . . His PRP$ investigations NNS made VBD him PRP the DT Paul NNP Revere NNP of IN accidental JJ war NN COMMA COMMA and CC safety NN procedures NNS were VBD enormously RB increased VBN . . In IN recent JJ weeks NNS COMMA COMMA as IN a DT result NN of IN a DT sweeping JJ defense NN policy NN reappraisal NN by IN the DT Kennedy NNP Administration NNP COMMA COMMA basic JJ United NNP States NNP strategy NN has VBZ been VBN modified VBN -- : and CC large JJ new JJ sums NNS allocated VBN -- : to TO meet VB the DT accidental-war JJ danger NN and CC to TO reduce VB it PRP as RB quickly RB as IN possible JJ . . The DT chain NN starts VBZ at IN BMEWS NNP ( ( Ballistic NNP Missile NNP Early NNP Warning NNP System NNP ) ) in IN Thule NNP COMMA COMMA Greenland NNP . . Its PRP$ radar NN screens NNS would MD register VB Soviet JJ missiles NNS shortly RB after IN they PRP are VBP launched VBN against IN the DT United NNP States NNP . . BMEWS NNP intelligence NN is VBZ simultaneously RB flashed VBN to TO NORAD NNP ( ( North NNP American NNP Air NNP Defense NNP Command NNP ) ) in IN Colorado NNP Springs NNP COMMA COMMA Colorado NNP COMMA COMMA for IN interpretation NN ; : to TO the DT SAC NNP command NN and CC control NN post NN COMMA COMMA forty-five CD feet NNS below IN the DT ground NN at IN Offutt NNP Air NNP Force NNP Base NNP COMMA COMMA near IN Omaha NNP COMMA COMMA Nebraska NNP ; : to TO the DT Joint NNP War NNP Room NNP of IN the DT Joint NNP Chiefs NNP of IN Staff NNP in IN the DT Pentagon NNP and CC to TO the DT President NNP . . Telephones NNS COMMA COMMA Teletypes NNS COMMA COMMA several JJ kinds NNS of IN radio NN systems NNS and CC COMMA COMMA in IN some DT cases NNS COMMA COMMA television NN COMMA COMMA link VBP all DT vital JJ points NNS . . Alternate JJ locations NNS exist VBP for IN all DT key JJ command NN centers NNS . . For IN last-ditch JJ emergencies NNS SAC NNP has VBZ alternate JJ command NN posts NNS on IN KC-135 CD jet NN tankers NNS . . Multiple JJ circuits NNS COMMA COMMA routings NNS and CC frequencies NNS make VBP the DT chain NN as RB unbreakable JJ as IN possible JJ . . The DT same JJ principle NN of IN `` `` redundancy NN '' '' applies VBZ to TO all DT communications NNS on IN these DT special JJ networks NNS . . And CC no DT messages NNS can MD be VB transmitted VBN on IN these DT circuits NNS until IN senders NNS and CC receivers NNS authenticate VBP in IN advance NN COMMA COMMA by IN special JJ codes NNS COMMA COMMA that IN the DT messages NNS actually RB come VBP from IN their PRP$ purported JJ sources NNS . . Additional JJ codes NNS can MD be VB used VBN to TO challenge VB and CC counterchallenge VB the DT authentications NNS . . Only RB the DT President NNP is VBZ permitted VBN to TO authorize VB the DT use NN of IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS . . That DT 's VBZ the DT law NN . . But CC what WP if IN somebody NN decides VBZ to TO break VB it PRP ? . The DT President NNP can MD not RB personally RB remove VB the DT safety NN devices NNS from IN every DT nuclear JJ trigger NN . . He PRP makes VBZ the DT momentous JJ decision NN . . Hundreds NNS of IN men NNS are VBP required VBN to TO pass VB the DT word NN to TO the DT button NN pushers NNS and CC to TO push VB the DT buttons NNS . . What WP if IN one CD or CC more JJR of IN them PRP turn VBP irrational JJ or CC suddenly RB COMMA COMMA coolly RB COMMA COMMA decide VBP to TO clobber VB the DT Russians NNPS ? . What WP if IN the DT President NNP himself PRP COMMA COMMA in IN the DT language NN of IN the DT military NN COMMA COMMA `` `` goes VBZ ape NN '' '' ? . Or CC singlehandedly RB decided VBD to TO reverse VB national JJ policy NN and CC hit VBD the DT Soviets NNP without IN provocation NN ? . Nobody NN can MD be VB absolutely RB certain JJ of IN the DT answers NNS . . However RB COMMA COMMA the DT system NN is VBZ designed VBN COMMA COMMA ingeniously RB and CC hopefully RB COMMA COMMA so IN that IN no DT one CD man NN could MD initiate VB a DT thermonuclear JJ war NN . . Even RB the DT President NNP can MD not RB pick VB up RP his PRP$ telephone NN and CC give VB a DT `` `` go VB '' '' order NN . . Even RB he PRP does VBZ not RB know VB the DT one CD signal NN for IN a DT nuclear JJ strike NN -- : the DT `` `` go VB code NN '' '' . . In IN an DT emergency NN he PRP would MD receive VB available JJ intelligence NN on IN the DT `` `` gold-phone JJ circuit NN '' '' . . A DT system NN of IN `` `` gold JJ '' '' -- : actually RB yellow JJ -- : phones NNS connects VBZ him PRP with IN the DT offices NNS and CC action NN stations NNS of IN the DT Secretary NNP of IN Defense NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Joint NNP Chiefs NNPS of IN Staff NNP COMMA COMMA the DT SAC NNP commander NN and CC other JJ key JJ men NNS . . All DT can MD be VB connected VBN with IN the DT gold JJ circuit NN from IN their PRP$ homes NNS . . All DT could MD help VB the DT President NNP make VB his PRP$ decision NN . . The DT talk NN would MD not RB be VB in IN code NN COMMA COMMA but CC neither RB would MD it PRP ramble VB . . Vital JJ questions NNS would MD be VB quickly RB answered VBN according VBG to TO a DT preprepared VBN agenda NN . . Officers NNS who WP participate VBP in IN the DT continual JJ practice NN drills NNS assured VBD me PRP that IN the DT President NNP 's POS decision NN could MD be VB made VBN and CC announced VBN on IN the DT gold JJ circuit NN within IN minutes NNS after IN the DT first JJ flash NN from IN A[fj] SYM . . If IN communications NNS work VBP COMMA COMMA his PRP$ decision NN would MD be VB instantly RB known VBN in IN all DT command NN posts NNS that WDT would MD originate VB the DT actual JJ go VB order NN . . For CC these DT centers NNS COMMA COMMA too RB COMMA COMMA are VBP on IN the DT gold JJ circuit NN . . They PRP include VBP the DT Navy NNP 's POS Atlantic NNP Command NNP at IN Norfolk NNP COMMA COMMA Virginia NNP COMMA COMMA which WDT is VBZ in IN contact NN with IN the DT Polaris NNP subs NNS ; : NATO NNP headquarters NNS in IN Europe NNP ; : Air NNP Force NNP forward JJ headquarters NN in IN Europe NNP and CC in IN the DT Pacific NNP COMMA COMMA which WDT control VBP tactical JJ fighters NNS on IN ships NNS and CC land NN bases NNS ; : and CC SAC NNP COMMA COMMA which WDT controls VBZ long-range JJ bombers NNS and CC Atlas NNP missiles NNS . . Let VB us PRP look VB in RP on IN one CD of IN these DT nerve NN centers NNS -- : SAC NNP at IN Omaha NNP -- : and CC see VB what WP must MD still RB happen VB before IN a DT wing NN of IN B-52 NNP bombers NNS could MD drop VB their PRP$ A[fj] SYM . . In IN a DT word NN COMMA COMMA plenty JJ . . The DT key JJ man NN almost RB certainly RB would MD be VB Col. NNP William NNP W. NNP Wisman NNP COMMA COMMA SAC NNP 's POS senior JJ controller NN . . He PRP or CC his PRP$ deputy NN or CC one CD of IN their PRP$ seven CD assistants NNS COMMA COMMA all DT full JJ colonels NNS COMMA COMMA mans VBZ the DT heart NN of IN the DT command NN post NN twenty-four CD hours NNS a DT day NN . . It PRP is VBZ a DT quiet JJ but CC impressive JJ room NN -- : 140 CD feet NNS long JJ COMMA COMMA thirty-nine CD feet NNS wide JJ COMMA COMMA twenty-one CD feet NNS high JJ . . Movable JJ panels NNS of IN floor NN - HYPH to IN - HYPH ceiling NN maps NNS and CC charts NNS are VBP crammed VBN with IN intelligence NN information NN . . And CC Bill NNP Wisman NNP COMMA COMMA forty-three CD COMMA COMMA a DT farmer NN 's POS son NN from IN Beallsville NNP COMMA COMMA Ohio NNP COMMA COMMA is VBZ a DT quiet JJ but CC impressive JJ man NN . . His PRP$ eyes NNS are VBP steady JJ anchors NNS of IN the DT deepest JJS brown NN . . His PRP$ movements NNS and CC speech NN are VBP precise JJ COMMA COMMA clear JJ and CC quick JJ . . No DT question NN ruffles VBZ him PRP or CC causes VBZ him PRP to TO hesitate VB . . Wisman NNP COMMA COMMA who WP has VBZ had VBD the DT chief JJ controller NN 's POS job NN for IN four CD years NNS COMMA COMMA calls VBZ the DT signals NNS for IN a DT team NN operating VBG three CD rows NNS of IN dull-gray JJ consoles NNS studded VBN with IN lights NNS COMMA COMMA switches NNS and CC buttons NNS . . At IN least JJS a DT dozen NN men NNS COMMA COMMA some DT armed JJ COMMA COMMA are VBP never RB far RB away RB from IN him PRP . . In IN front NN of IN him PRP is VBZ a DT gold JJ phone NN . . In IN emergencies NNS the DT SAC NNP commander NN COMMA COMMA Gen. NNP Thomas NNP Power NNP COMMA COMMA or CC his PRP$ deputies NNS and CC their PRP$ staff NN would MD occupy VB a DT balcony NN that WDT stretches VBZ across IN the DT length NN of IN the DT room NN above IN Wisman NNP and CC his PRP$ staff NN . . At IN General NNP Power NNP 's POS seat NN in IN the DT balcony NN there EX is VBZ also RB a DT gold JJ phone NN . . General NNP Power NNP would MD participate VB in IN the DT decision NN making NN . . Wisman NNP COMMA COMMA below RB COMMA COMMA would MD listen VB in RP and CC act VB . . His PRP$ consoles NNS can MD give VB him PRP instant JJ contact NN with IN more JJR than IN seventy CD bases NNS around IN the DT world NN and CC with IN every DT SAC NNP aircraft NN . . He PRP need MD only RB pick VB up RP one CD of IN the DT two CD red JJ telephone NN receivers NNS at IN his PRP$ extreme JJ left NN COMMA COMMA right RB next RB to TO the DT big JJ red JJ button NN marked VBN alert JJ . . ( ( There EX are VBP two CD receivers NNS in IN case NN one CD should MD be VB dropped VBN and CC damaged VBN . . ) ) But CC Wisman NNP COMMA COMMA too RB COMMA COMMA does VBZ not RB know VB the DT go VB code NN . . He PRP must MD take VB it PRP from IN `` `` the DT red JJ box NN '' '' . . In IN point NN of IN fact NN COMMA COMMA this DT is VBZ a DT beige JJ box NN with IN a DT bright JJ red JJ door NN COMMA COMMA about RB one CD and CC a DT half NN feet NNS square JJ and CC hung VBN from IN the DT wall NN about RB six CD feet NNS from IN the DT door NN to TO Wisman NNP 's POS right NN . . The DT box NN is VBZ internally RB wired VBN so IN the DT door NN can MD never RB be VB opened VBN without IN setting VBG off RP a DT screeching VBG klaxon NN ( ( `` `` It PRP 's VBZ real RB obnoxious JJ '' '' ) ) . . Now RB we PRP must MD become VB vague JJ COMMA COMMA for CC we PRP are VBP approaching VBG one CD of IN the DT nation NN 's POS most RBS guarded JJ secrets NNS . . The DT codes NNS in IN the DT red JJ box NN -- : there EX are VBP several JJ of IN them PRP covering VBG various JJ contingencies NNS -- : are VBP contained VBN in IN a DT sealed JJ X-ray NN - HYPH proof JJ `` `` unique JJ device NN '' '' . . They PRP are VBP supplied VBN COMMA COMMA a DT batch NN at IN a DT time NN COMMA COMMA by IN a DT secret JJ source NN and CC are VBP continually RB changed VBN by IN Wisman NNP or CC his PRP$ staff NN COMMA COMMA at IN random JJ intervals NNS . . But CC even RB the DT contents NNS of IN Wisman NNP 's POS box NN can MD not RB start VB a DT war NN . . They PRP are VBP mere JJ fragments NNS COMMA COMMA just RB one CD portion NN of IN preprepared VBN messages NNS . . What WP these DT fragments NNS are VBP and CC how WRB they PRP activate VBP the DT go VB order NN may MD not RB be VB revealed VBN . . The DT pieces NNS must MD be VB placed VBN in IN the DT context NN of IN the DT prepared VBN messages NNS by IN Wisman NNP 's POS staff NN . . In IN addition NN to TO the DT authentication NN and CC acknowledgment NN procedures NNS which WDT precede VBP and CC follow VBP the DT sending NN of IN the DT go VB messages NNS COMMA COMMA again RB in IN special JJ codes NNS COMMA COMMA each DT message NN also RB contains VBZ an DT `` `` internal JJ authenticator NN '' '' COMMA COMMA another DT specific JJ signal NN to TO convince VB the DT recipient NN that IN he PRP is VBZ getting VBG the DT real JJ thing NN . . I PRP asked VBD Wisman NNP what WP would MD happen VB if IN he PRP broke VBD out RP the DT go VB codes NNS and CC tried VBD to TO start VB transmitting NN one CD . . `` `` I PRP 'd MD wind VB up RP full JJ of IN bullet NN holes NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA and CC there EX was VBD no DT question NN that IN he PRP was VBD talking VBG about IN bullets NNS fired VBN by IN his PRP$ coworkers NNS . . Now RB let VB us PRP imagine VB a DT wing NN of IN B-52 NNP 's POS COMMA COMMA on IN alert NN near IN their PRP$ `` `` positive JJ control NN ( ( or CC fail NN - HYPH safe JJ ) ) points NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT spots NNS on IN the DT map NN COMMA COMMA many JJ miles NNS from IN Soviet JJ territory NN COMMA COMMA beyond IN which WDT they PRP are VBP forbidden VBN to TO fly VB without IN specific JJ orders NNS to TO proceed VB to TO their PRP$ targets NNS . . They PRP COMMA COMMA too RB COMMA COMMA have VBP fragments NNS of IN the DT go VB code NN with IN them PRP . . As IN Wisman NNP put VBD it PRP COMMA COMMA `` `` They PRP have VBP separate JJ pieces NNS of IN the DT pie NN COMMA COMMA and CC we PRP have VBP the DT whole JJ pie NN . . Once IN we PRP send VBP out RP the DT whole JJ pie NN COMMA COMMA they PRP can MD put VB their PRP$ pieces NNS into IN it PRP . . Unless IN we PRP send VBP out PRT the DT whole JJ pie NN COMMA COMMA their PRP$ pieces NNS mean VBP nothing NN '' '' . . Why WRB does VBZ Wisman NNP 's POS ever RB - HYPH changing VBG code NN always RB mesh VB with IN the DT fragments NNS in IN possession NN of IN the DT button NN pushers NNS ? . The DT answer NN is VBZ a DT cryptographic JJ secret NN . . At IN any DT rate NN COMMA COMMA three CD men NNS out IN of IN a DT six CD - HYPH man NN B-52 NNP crew NN are VBP required VBN to TO copy VB down RP Wisman NNP 's POS go VB - HYPH to IN - HYPH war NN message NN . . Each DT must MD match VB Wisman NNP 's POS `` `` pie NN '' '' with IN the DT fragment NN that WDT he PRP carries VBZ with IN him PRP . . All DT three CD must MD compare VB notes NNS and CC agree VB to TO `` `` go VB '' '' . . After IN that DT COMMA COMMA it PRP requires VBZ several JJ minutes NNS of IN concentrated JJ work NN COMMA COMMA including VBG six CD separate JJ and CC deliberate JJ actions NNS by IN a DT minimum NN of IN three CD men NNS sitting VBG at IN three CD separate JJ stations NNS in IN a DT bomber NN COMMA COMMA each DT with IN another DT man NN beside IN him PRP to TO help VB COMMA COMMA for IN an DT armed JJ bomb NN to TO be VB released VBN . . Unless IN all DT gadgets NNS are VBP properly RB operated VBN -- : and CC the DT wires NNS and CC seals NNS from IN the DT handles NNS removed VBN first RB -- : no DT damage NN can MD be VB done VBN . . WARTIME NN After IN the DT attacks NNS had VBD occurred VBN COMMA COMMA while IN crisis NN managers NNS were VBD still RB sorting VBG out RP a DT number NN of IN unnerving JJ false JJ alarms NNS COMMA COMMA Air NNP Force NNP One NNP flew VBD to TO Barksdale NNP Air NNP Force NNP Base NNP in IN Louisiana NNP . . One CD of IN these DT alarms NNS was VBD of IN a DT reported VBN threat NN against IN Air NNP Force NNP One NNP itself PRP COMMA COMMA a DT threat NN eventually RB run VBN down RP to TO a DT misunderstood VBN communication NN in IN the DT hectic JJ White NNP House NNP Situation NNP Room NNP that DT morning NN . . While IN the DT plan NN at IN the DT elementary JJ school NN had VBD been VBN to TO return VB to TO Washington NNP COMMA COMMA by IN the DT time NN Air NNP Force NNP One NNP was VBD airborne JJ at IN 9:55 CD A.M. NN the DT Secret NNP Service NNP COMMA COMMA the DT President NNP 's POS advisers NNS COMMA COMMA and CC Vice NNP President NNP Cheney NNP were VBD strongly RB advising VBG against IN it PRP . . President NNP Bush NNP reluctantly RB acceded VBD to TO this DT advice NN and CC COMMA COMMA at IN about IN 10:10 CD COMMA COMMA Air NNP Force NNP One NNP changed VBD course NN and CC began VBD heading VBG due RB west RB . . The DT immediate JJ objective NN was VBD to TO find VB a DT safe JJ location NN - : not RB too RB far RB away RB - : where WRB the DT President NNP could MD land VB and CC speak VB to TO the DT American JJ people NNS . . The DT Secret NNP Service NNP was VBD also RB interested JJ in IN refueling VBG the DT aircraft NN and CC paring VBG down RP the DT size NN of IN the DT traveling VBG party NN . . The DT President NNP 's POS military JJ aide NN COMMA COMMA an DT Air NNP Force NNP officer NN COMMA COMMA quickly RB researched VBD the DT options NNS and CC COMMA COMMA sometime RB around IN 10:20 CD COMMA COMMA identified VBD Barksdale NNP Air NNP Force NNP Base NNP as IN an DT appropriate JJ interim JJ destination NN . . When WRB Air NNP Force NNP One NNP landed VBD at IN Barksdale NNP at IN about RB 11:45 CD COMMA COMMA personnel NNS from IN the DT local JJ Secret NNP Service NNP office NN were VBD still RB en IN route NN to TO the DT airfield NN . . The DT motorcade NN consisted VBD of IN a DT military JJ police NN lead NN vehicle NN and CC a DT van NN ; . the DT proposed VBN briefing NN theater NN had VBD no DT phones NNS or CC electrical JJ outlets NNS . . Staff NNP scrambled VBD to TO prepare VB another DT room NN for IN the DT President NNP 's POS remarks NNS COMMA COMMA while IN the DT lead JJ Secret NNP Service NNP agent NN reviewed VBD the DT security NN situation NN with IN superiors NNS in IN Washington NNP . . The DT President NNP completed VBD his PRP$ statement NN COMMA COMMA which WDT for IN security NN reasons NNS was VBD taped VBN and CC not RB broadcast VBN live RB COMMA COMMA and CC the DT traveling VBG party NN returned VBD to TO Air NNP Force NNP One NNP . . The DT next JJ destination NN was VBD discussed VBN : . once RB again RB the DT Secret NNP Service NNP recommended VBD against IN returning VBG to TO Washington NNP COMMA COMMA and CC the DT Vice NNP President NNP agreed VBD . . Offutt NNP Air NNP Force NNP Base NNP in IN Nebraska NNP was VBD chosen VBN because IN of IN its PRP$ elaborate JJ command NN and CC control NN facilities NNS COMMA COMMA and CC because IN it PRP could MD accommodate VB overnight JJ lodging NN for IN 50 CD persons NNS . . The DT Secret NNP Service NNP wanted VBD a DT place NN where WRB the DT President NNP could MD spend VB several JJ days NNS COMMA COMMA if IN necessary JJ . . Air NNP Force NNP One NNP arrived VBD at IN Offutt NNP at IN 2:50 CD P.M. NN At IN about RB 3:15 CD COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP met VBD with IN his PRP$ principal JJ advisers NNS through IN a DT secure JJ video NN teleconference NN . . Rice NNP said VBD President NNP Bush NNP began VBD the DT meeting NN with IN the DT words NNS COMMA COMMA " '' We PRP 're VBP at IN war NN COMMA COMMA " '' and CC that IN Director NNP of IN Central NNP Intelligence NNP George NNP Tenet NNP said VBD the DT agency NN was VBD still RB assessing VBG who WP was VBD responsible JJ COMMA COMMA but CC the DT early JJ signs NNS all DT pointed VBD to TO al NNP Qaeda NNP . . That DT evening NN the DT Deputies NNPS Committee NNP returned VBD to TO the DT pending VBG presidential JJ directive NN they PRP had VBD labored VBN over IN during IN the DT summer NN . . The DT secretary NN of IN defense NN directed VBD the DT nation NN 's POS armed JJ forces NNS to TO Defense NNP Condition NNP 3 CD COMMA COMMA an DT increased VBN state NN of IN military JJ readiness NN . . For IN the DT first JJ time NN in IN history NN COMMA COMMA all DT nonemergency NN civilian JJ aircraft NN in IN the DT United NNP States NNP were VBD grounded VBN COMMA COMMA stranding VBG tens NNS of IN thousands NNS of IN passengers NNS across IN the DT country NN . . Contingency NN plans NNS for IN the DT continuity NN of IN government NN and CC the DT evacuation NN of IN leaders NNS had VBD been VBN implemented VBN . . The DT Pentagon NNP had VBD been VBN struck VBN ; : the DT White NNP House NNP or CC the DT Capitol NNP had VBD narrowly RB escaped VBN direct JJ attack NN . . Extraordinary JJ security NN precautions NNS were VBD put VBN in IN place NN at IN the DT nation NN 's POS borders NNS and CC ports NNS . . In IN the DT late JJ afternoon NN COMMA COMMA the DT President NNP overruled VBD his PRP$ aides NNS ' POS continuing VBG reluctance NN to TO have VB him PRP return VB to TO Washington NNP and CC ordered VBD Air NNP Force NNP One NNP back RB to TO Andrews NNP Air NNP Force NNP Base NNP . . He PRP was VBD flown VBN by IN helicopter NN back RB to TO the DT White NNP House NNP COMMA COMMA passing VBG over IN the DT still RB - : smoldering VBG Pentagon NNP . . At IN 8:30 CD that DT evening NN COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP addressed VBD the DT nation NN from IN the DT White NNP House NNP . . After IN emphasizing VBG that IN the DT first JJ priority NN was VBD to TO help VB the DT injured VBN and CC protect VB against IN any DT further JJ attacks NNS COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD : : " `` We PRP will MD make VB no DT distinction NN between IN the DT terrorists NNS who WP committed VBD these DT acts NNS and CC those DT who WP harbor VBP them PRP . . " '' He PRP quoted VBD Psalm NNP 23 CD - : " '' though IN I PRP walk VBP through IN the DT valley NN of IN the DT shadow NN of IN death NN ... . " '' No DT American JJ COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA " '' will MD ever RB forget VB this DT day NN . . " '' Following VBG his PRP$ speech NN COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP met VBD again RB with IN his PRP$ National NNP Security NNP Council NNP ( ( NSC NNP ) ) COMMA COMMA expanded VBN to TO include VB Secretary NNP of IN Transportation NNP Norman NNP Mineta NNP and CC Joseph NNP Allbaugh NNP COMMA COMMA the DT director NN of IN the DT Federal NNP Emergency NNP Management NNP Agency NNP . . Secretary NNP of IN State NNP Colin NNP Powell NNP COMMA COMMA who WP had VBD returned VBN from IN Peru NNP after IN hearing VBG of IN the DT attacks NNS COMMA COMMA joined VBD the DT discussion NN . . They PRP reviewed VBD the DT day NN 's POS events NNS . . IMMEDIATE JJ RESPONSES NN AT IN HOME NN As IN the DT urgent JJ domestic JJ issues NNS accumulated VBD COMMA COMMA White NNP House NNP Deputy NNP Chief NNP of IN Staff NNP Joshua NNP Bolten NNP chaired VBD a DT temporary JJ " '' domestic JJ consequences NNS " '' group NN . . The DT agenda NN in IN those DT first JJ days NNS is VBZ worth JJ noting VBG COMMA COMMA partly RB as IN a DT checklist NN for IN future JJ crisis NN planners NNS . . It PRP began VBD with IN problems NNS of IN how WRB to TO help VB victims NNS and CC stanch VB the DT flowing VBG losses NNS to TO the DT American JJ economy NN COMMA COMMA such JJ as IN Organizing VBG federal JJ emergency NN assistance NN . . One CD question NN was VBD what WP kind NN of IN public JJ health NN advice NN to TO give VB about IN the DT air NN quality NN in IN Lower NNP Manhattan NNP in IN the DT vicinity NN of IN the DT fallen JJ buildings NNS . . Compensating VBG victims NNS . . They PRP evaluated VBD legislative JJ options NNS COMMA COMMA eventually RB setting VBG up RP a DT federal JJ compensation NN fund NN and CC defining VBG the DT powers NNS of IN a DT special JJ master NN to TO run VB it PRP . . Determining VBG federal JJ assistance NN . . On IN September NNP 13 CD COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP promised VBD to TO provide VB $ $ 20 CD billion CD for IN New NNP York NNP City NNP COMMA COMMA in IN addition NN to TO the DT $ $ 20 CD billion CD his PRP$ budget NN director NN had VBD already RB guessed VBN might MD be VB needed VBN for IN the DT country NN as IN a DT whole NN . . Restoring VBG civil JJ aviation NN . . On IN the DT morning NN of IN September NNP 13 CD COMMA COMMA the DT national JJ airspace NN reopened VBD for IN use NN by IN airports NNS that WDT met VBD newly RB improvised VBN security NN standards NNS . . Reopening VBG the DT financial JJ markets NNS . . After IN extraordinary JJ emergency NN efforts NNS involving VBG the DT White NNP House NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Treasury NNP Department NNP COMMA COMMA and CC the DT Securities NNPS and CC Exchange NNP Commission NNP COMMA COMMA aided VBN by IN unprecedented JJ cooperation NN among IN the DT usually RB competitive JJ firms NNS of IN the DT financial JJ industry NN COMMA COMMA the DT markets NNS reopened VBD on IN Monday NNP COMMA COMMA September NNP 17 CD . . Deciding VBG when WRB and CC how WRB to TO return VB border NN and CC port JJ security NN to TO more RBR normal JJ operations NNS . . Evaluating VBG legislative JJ proposals NNS to TO bail VB out RP the DT airline NN industry NN and CC cap VB its PRP$ liability NN . . The DT very JJ process NN of IN reviewing VBG these DT issues NNS underscored VBD the DT absence NN of IN an DT effective JJ government NN organization NN dedicated VBN to TO assessing VBG vulnerabilities NNS and CC handling VBG problems NNS of IN protection NN and CC preparedness NN . . Though IN a DT number NN of IN agencies NNS had VBD some DT part NN of IN the DT task NN COMMA COMMA none NN had VBD security NN as IN its PRP$ primary JJ mission NN . . By IN September NNP 14 CD COMMA COMMA Vice NNP President NNP Cheney NNP had VBD decided VBN to TO recommend VB COMMA COMMA at IN least JJS as IN a DT first JJ step NN COMMA COMMA a DT new JJ White NNP House NNP entity NN to TO coordinate VB all PDT the DT relevant JJ agencies NNS rather RB than IN tackle VB the DT challenge NN of IN combining VBG them PRP in IN a DT new JJ department NN . . This DT new JJ White NNP House NNP entity NN would MD be VB a DT homeland NN security NN adviser NN and CC Homeland NNP Security NNP Council NNP - : paralleling VBG the DT National NNP Security NNP Council NNP system NN . . Vice NNP President NNP Cheney NNP reviewed VBD the DT proposal NN with IN President NNP Bush NNP and CC other JJ advisers NNS . . President NNP Bush NNP announced VBD the DT new JJ post NN and CC its PRP$ first JJ occupant NN - : Pennsylvania NNP governor NN Tom NNP Ridge NNP - : in IN his PRP$ address NN to TO a DT joint JJ session NN of IN Congress NNP on IN September NNP 20 CD . . Beginning VBG on IN September NNP 11 CD COMMA COMMA Immigration NNP and CC Naturalization NNP Service NNP agents NNS working VBG in IN cooperation NN with IN the DT FBI NNP began VBD arresting VBG individuals NNS for IN immigration NN violations NNS whom WP they PRP encountered VBD while IN following VBG up RP leads NNS in IN the DT FBI NNP 's POS investigation NN of IN the DT 9/11 NNP attacks NNS . . Eventually RB COMMA COMMA 768 CD aliens NNS were VBD arrested VBN as IN " '' special JJ interest NN " '' detainees NNS . . Some DT ( ( such JJ as IN Zacarias NNP Moussaoui NNP ) ) were VBD actually RB in IN INS NNP custody NN before IN 9/11 NNP ; : most JJS were VBD arrested VBN after RB . . Attorney NNP General NNP John NNP Ashcroft NNP told VBD us PRP that IN he PRP saw VBD his PRP$ job NN in IN directing VBG this DT effort NN as IN " '' risk NN minimization NN COMMA COMMA " '' both CC to TO find VB out RP who WP had VBD committed VBN the DT attacks NNS and CC to TO prevent VB a DT subsequent JJ attack NN . . Ashcroft NNP ordered VBD all DT special JJ interest NN immigration NN hearings NNS closed VBN to TO the DT public NN COMMA COMMA family NN members NNS COMMA COMMA and CC press NN ; COMMA directed VBD government NN attorneys NNS to TO seek VB denial NN of IN bond NN until IN such JJ time NN as IN they PRP were VBD " '' cleared VBN " '' of IN terrorist JJ connections NNS by IN the DT FBI NNP and CC other JJ agencies NNS ; COMMA and CC ordered VBD the DT identity NN of IN the DT detainees NNS kept VBN secret JJ . . INS NNP attorneys NNS charged VBN with IN prosecuting VBG the DT immigration NN violations NNS had VBD trouble NN getting VBG information NN about IN the DT detainees NNS and CC any DT terrorist JJ connections NNS ; : in IN the DT chaos NN after IN the DT attacks NNS COMMA COMMA it PRP was VBD very RB difficult JJ to TO reach VB law NN enforcement NN officials NNS COMMA COMMA who WP were VBD following VBG up RP on IN other JJ leads NNS . . The DT clearance NN process NN approved VBN by IN the DT Justice NNP Department NNP was VBD time NN - HYPH consuming VBG COMMA COMMA lasting VBG an DT average NN of IN about RB 80 CD days NNS . . We PRP have VBP assessed VBN this DT effort NN to TO detain VB aliens NNS of IN " '' special JJ interest NN . . " '' The DT detainees NNS were VBD lawfully RB held VBN on IN immigration NN charges NNS . . Records NNS indicate VBP that IN 531 CD were VBD deported VBN COMMA COMMA 162 CD were VBD released VBN on IN bond NN COMMA COMMA 24 CD received VBD some DT kind NN of IN immigration NN benefits NNS COMMA COMMA 12 CD had VBD their PRP$ proceedings NNS terminated VBN COMMA COMMA and CC 8 CD - : one CD of IN whom WP was VBD Moussaoui NNP - : were VBD remanded VBN to TO the DT custody NN of IN the DT U.S. NNP Marshals NNPS Service NNP . . The DT inspector NN general NN of IN the DT Justice NNP Department NNP found VBD significant JJ problems NNS in IN the DT way NN the DT 9/11 NNP detainees NNS were VBD treated VBN . . In IN response NN to TO a DT request NN about IN the DT counterterrorism NN benefits NNS of IN the DT 9/11 NNP detainee NN program NN COMMA COMMA the DT Justice NNP Department NNP cited VBD six CD individuals NNS on IN the DT special JJ interest NN detainee NN list NN COMMA COMMA noting VBG that IN two CD ( ( including VBG Moussaoui NNP ) ) were VBD linked VBN directly RB to TO a DT terrorist JJ organization NN and CC that IN it PRP had VBD obtained VBN new JJ leads NNS helpful JJ to TO the DT investigation NN of IN the DT 9/11 NNP terrorist JJ attacks NNS . . A DT senior JJ al NNP Qaeda NNP detainee NN has VBZ stated VBN that IN U.S. NNP government NN efforts NNS after IN the DT 9/11 NNP attacks NNS to TO monitor VB the DT American JJ homeland NN COMMA COMMA including VBG review NN of IN Muslims NNPS ' POS immigration NN files NNS and CC deportation NN of IN nonpermanent JJ residents NNS COMMA COMMA forced VBD al NNP Qaeda NNP to TO operate VB less RBR freely RB in IN the DT United NNP States NNP . . The DT government NN 's POS ability NN to TO collect VB intelligence NN inside IN the DT United NNP States NNP COMMA COMMA and CC the DT sharing NN of IN such JJ information NN between IN the DT intelligence NN and CC law NN enforcement NN communities NNS COMMA COMMA was VBD not RB a DT priority NN before IN 9/11 NNP . . Guidelines NNS on IN this DT subject NN issued VBN in IN August NNP 2001 CD by IN Deputy NNP Attorney NNP General NNP Larry NNP Thompson NNP essentially RB recapitulated VBD prior JJ guidance NN . . However RB COMMA COMMA the DT attacks NNS of IN 9/11 NNP changed VBD everything NN . . Less RBR than IN one CD week NN after IN September NNP 11 CD COMMA COMMA an DT early JJ version NN of IN what WP was VBD to TO become VB the DT Patriot NNP Act NNP ( ( officially RB COMMA COMMA the DT USA NNP PATRIOT NNP Act NNP ) ) began VBD to TO take VB shape NN . . A DT central JJ provision NN of IN the DT proposal NN was VBD the DT removal NN of IN " '' the DT wall NN " '' on IN information NN sharing NN between IN the DT intelligence NN and CC law NN enforcement NN communities NNS ( ( discussed VBN in IN chapter NN 3 CD ) ) Ashcroft NNP told VBD us PRP he PRP was VBD determined JJ to TO take VB every DT conceivable JJ action NN COMMA COMMA within IN the DT limits NNS of IN the DT Constitution NNP COMMA COMMA to TO identify VB potential JJ terrorists NNS and CC deter VB additional JJ attacks NNS . . The DT administration NN developed VBD a DT proposal NN that WDT eventually RB passed VBD both DT houses NNS of IN Congress NNP by IN large JJ majorities NNS and CC was VBD signed VBN into IN law NN on IN October NNP 26 CD . . Flights NNS of IN Saudi JJ Nationals NNS Leaving VBG the DT United NNP States NNP Three CD questions NNS have VBP arisen VBN with IN respect NN to TO the DT departure NN of IN Saudi JJ nationals NNS from IN the DT United NNP States NNP in IN the DT immediate JJ aftermath NN of IN 9/11 NNP : . ( ( 1 LS ) ) Did VBD any DT flights NNS of IN Saudi JJ nationals NNS take VB place NN before IN national JJ airspace NN reopened VBD on IN September NNP 13 CD COMMA COMMA 2001 CD ? . ( ( 2 LS ) ) Was VBD there EX any DT political JJ intervention NN to TO facilitate VB the DT departure NN of IN Saudi JJ nationals NNS ? . ( ( 3 LS ) ) Did VBD the DT FBI NNP screen VB Saudi JJ nationals NNS thoroughly RB before IN their PRP$ departure NN ? . First JJ COMMA COMMA we PRP found VBD no DT evidence NN that IN any DT flights NNS of IN Saudi JJ nationals NNS COMMA COMMA domestic JJ or CC international JJ COMMA COMMA took VBD place NN before IN the DT reopening NN of IN national JJ airspace NN on IN the DT morning NN of IN September NNP 13 CD COMMA COMMA 2001 CD To TO the DT contrary JJ COMMA COMMA every DT flight NN we PRP have VBP identified VBN occurred VBD after IN national JJ airspace NN reopened VBD . . Second JJ COMMA COMMA we PRP found VBD no DT evidence NN of IN political JJ intervention NN . . We PRP found VBD no DT evidence NN that IN anyone NN at IN the DT White NNP House NNP above IN the DT level NN of IN Richard NNP Clarke NNP participated VBD in IN a DT decision NN on IN the DT departure NN of IN Saudi JJ nationals NNS . . The DT issue NN came VBD up RP in IN one CD of IN the DT many JJ video NN teleconferences NNS of IN the DT interagency NN group NN Clarke NNP chaired VBD COMMA COMMA and CC Clarke NNP said VBD he PRP approved VBD of IN how WRB the DT FBI NNP was VBD dealing VBG with IN the DT matter NN when WRB it PRP came VBD up RP for IN interagency NN discussion NN at IN his PRP$ level NN . . Clarke NNP told VBD us PRP COMMA COMMA " '' I PRP asked VBD the DT FBI NNP COMMA COMMA Dale NNP Watson NNP ... COMMA to TO handle VB that DT COMMA COMMA to TO check VB to TO see VB if IN that DT was VBD all RB right JJ with IN them PRP COMMA COMMA to TO see VB if IN they PRP wanted VBD access NN to TO any DT of IN these DT people NNS COMMA COMMA and CC to TO get VB back RB to TO me PRP . . And CC if IN they PRP had VBD no DT objections NNS COMMA COMMA it PRP would MD be VB fine JJ with IN me PRP . . " '' Clarke NNP added VBD COMMA COMMA " '' I PRP have VBP no DT recollection NN of IN clearing VBG it PRP with IN anybody NN at IN the DT White NNP House NNP . . " '' Although IN White NNP House NNP Chief NNP of IN Staff NNP Andrew NNP Card NNP remembered VBD someone NN telling VBG him PRP about IN the DT Saudi JJ request NN shortly RB after IN 9/11 NNP COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD he PRP had VBD not RB talked VBN to TO the DT Saudis NNPS and CC did VBD not RB ask VB anyone NN to TO do VB anything NN about IN it PRP . . The DT President NNP and CC Vice NNP President NNP told VBD us PRP they PRP were VBD not RB aware JJ of IN the DT issue NN at IN all DT until IN it PRP surfaced VBD much RB later RBR in IN the DT media NNS . . None NN of IN the DT officials NNS we PRP interviewed VBD recalled VBD any DT intervention NN or CC direction NN on IN this DT matter NN from IN any DT political JJ appointee NN . . Third RB COMMA COMMA we PRP believe VBP that IN the DT FBI NNP conducted VBD a DT satisfactory JJ screening NN of IN Saudi JJ nationals NNS who WP left VBD the DT United NNP States NNP on IN charter JJ flights NNS . . The DT Saudi JJ government NN was VBD advised VBN of IN and CC agreed VBD to TO the DT FBI NNP 's POS requirements NNS that IN passengers NNS be VB identified VBN and CC checked VBN against IN various JJ databases NNS before IN the DT flights NNS departed VBD . . The DT Federal NNP Aviation NNP Administration NNP representative NN working VBG in IN the DT FBI NNP operations NNS center NN made VBD sure JJ that IN the DT FBI NNP was VBD aware JJ of IN the DT flights NNS of IN Saudi JJ nationals NNS and CC was VBD able JJ to TO screen VB the DT passengers NNS before IN they PRP were VBD allowed VBN to TO depart VB . . The DT FBI NNP interviewed VBD all DT persons NNS of IN interest NN on IN these DT flights NNS prior RB to TO their PRP$ departures NNS . . They PRP concluded VBD that IN none NN of IN the DT passengers NNS was VBD connected VBN to TO the DT 9/11 NNP attacks NNS and CC have VBP since RB found VBN no DT evidence NN to TO change VB that DT conclusion NN . . Our PRP$ own JJ independent JJ review NN of IN the DT Saudi JJ nationals NNS involved VBN confirms VBZ that IN no DT one NN with IN known VBN links NNS to TO terrorism NN departed VBD on IN these DT flights NNS . . PLANNING VBG FOR IN WAR NN By IN late JJ in IN the DT evening NN of IN September NNP 11 CD COMMA COMMA the DT President NNP had VBD addressed VBN the DT nation NN on IN the DT terrible JJ events NNS of IN the DT day NN . . Vice NNP President NNP Cheney NNP described VBD the DT President NNP 's POS mood NN as IN somber NN . . The DT long JJ day NN was VBD not RB yet RB over RB . . When WRB the DT larger JJR meeting NN that WDT included VBD his PRP$ domestic JJ department NN heads NNS broke VBD up RP COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP chaired VBD a DT smaller JJR meeting NN of IN top JJ advisers NNS COMMA COMMA a DT group NN he PRP would MD later RB call VB his PRP$ " '' war NN council NN . . " '' This DT group NN usually RB included VBD Vice NNP President NNP Cheney NNP COMMA COMMA Secretary NNP of IN State NNP Powell NNP COMMA COMMA Secretary NNP of IN Defense NNP Donald NNP Rumsfeld NNP COMMA COMMA General NNP Hugh NNP Shelton NNP COMMA COMMA Vice NNP Chairman NNP of IN the DT Joint NNP Chiefs NNPS ( ( later RB to TO become VB chairman NN ) ) General NNP Myers NNP COMMA COMMA DCI NNP Tenet NNP COMMA COMMA Attorney NNP General NNP Ashcroft NNP COMMA COMMA and CC FBI NNP Director NNP Robert NNP Mueller NNP . . From IN the DT White NNP House NNP staff NN COMMA COMMA National NNP Security NNP Advisor NNP Condoleezza NNP Rice NNP and CC Chief NNP of IN Staff NNP Card NNP were VBD part NN of IN the DT core NN group NN COMMA COMMA often RB joined VBN by IN their PRP$ deputies NNS COMMA COMMA Stephen NNP Hadley NNP and CC Joshua NNP Bolten NNP . . In IN this DT restricted JJ National NNP Security NNP Council NNP meeting NN COMMA COMMA the DT President NNP said VBD it PRP was VBD a DT time NN for IN self JJ - HYPH defense NN . . The DT United NNP States NNP would MD punish VB not RB just RB the DT perpetrators NNS of IN the DT attacks NNS COMMA COMMA but CC also RB those DT who WP harbored VBD them PRP . . Secretary NNP Powell NNP said VBD the DT United NNP States NNP had VBD to TO make VB it PRP clear JJ to TO Pakistan NNP COMMA COMMA Afghanistan NNP COMMA COMMA and CC the DT Arab JJ states NNS that IN the DT time NN to TO act VB was VBD now RB . . He PRP said VBD we PRP would MD need VB to TO build VB a DT coalition NN . . The DT President NNP noted VBD that IN the DT attacks NNS provided VBD a DT great JJ opportunity NN to TO engage VB Russia NNP and CC China NNP . . Secretary NNP Rumsfeld NNP urged VBD the DT President NNP and CC the DT principals NNS to TO think VB broadly RB about IN who WP might MD have VB harbored VBN the DT attackers NNS COMMA COMMA including VBG Iraq NNP COMMA COMMA Afghanistan NNP COMMA COMMA Libya NNP COMMA COMMA Sudan NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Iran NNP . . He PRP wondered VBD aloud RB how WRB much JJ evidence NN the DT United NNP States NNP would MD need VB in IN order NN to TO deal VB with IN these DT countries NNS COMMA COMMA pointing VBG out RP that IN major JJ strikes NNS could MD take VB up IN to TO 60 CD days NNS to TO assemble VB . . President NNP Bush NNP chaired VBD two CD more JJR meetings NNS of IN the DT NSC NNP on IN September NNP 12 CD . . In IN the DT first JJ meeting NN COMMA COMMA he PRP stressed VBD that IN the DT United NNP States NNP was VBD at IN war NN with IN a DT new JJ and CC different JJ kind NN of IN enemy NN . . The DT President NNP tasked VBD principals NNS to TO go VB beyond IN their PRP$ pre/11 JJ work NN and CC develop VB a DT strategy NN to TO eliminate VB terrorists NNS and CC punish VB those DT who WP support VBP them PRP . . As IN they PRP worked VBD on IN defining VBG the DT goals NNS and CC objectives NNS of IN the DT upcoming JJ campaign NN COMMA COMMA they PRP considered VBD a DT paper NN that WDT went VBD beyond IN al NNP Qaeda NNP to TO propose VB the DT " '' elimination NN of IN terrorism NN as IN a DT threat NN to TO our PRP$ way NN of IN life NN COMMA COMMA " '' an DT aim NN that WDT would MD include VB pursuing VBG other JJ international JJ terrorist JJ organizations NNS in IN the DT Middle NNP East NNP . . Rice NNP chaired VBD a DT Principals NNPS Committee NNP meeting NN on IN September NNP 13 CD in IN the DT Situation NN Room NN to TO refine VB how WRB the DT fight NN against IN al NNP Qaeda NNP would MD be VB conducted VBN . . The DT principals NNS agreed VBD that IN the DT overall JJ message NN should MD be VB that IN anyone NN supporting VBG al NNP Qaeda NNP would MD risk VB harm NN . . The DT United NNP States NNP would MD need VB to TO integrate VB diplomacy NN COMMA COMMA financial JJ measures NNS COMMA COMMA intelligence NN COMMA COMMA and CC military JJ actions NNS into IN an DT overarching JJ strategy NN . . The DT principals NNS also RB focused VBD on IN Pakistan NNP and CC what WP it PRP could MD do VB to TO turn VB the DT Taliban NNP against IN al NNP Qaeda NNP . . They PRP concluded VBD that IN if IN Pakistan NNP decided VBD not RB to TO help VB the DT United NNP States NNP COMMA COMMA it PRP too RB would MD be VB at IN risk NN . . The DT same JJ day NN COMMA COMMA Deputy NNP Secretary NNP of IN State NNP Richard NNP Armitage NNP met VBD with IN the DT Pakistani JJ ambassador NN to TO the DT United NNP States NNP COMMA COMMA Maleeha NNP Lodhi NNP COMMA COMMA and CC the DT visiting VBG head NN of IN Pakistan NNP 's POS military JJ intelligence NN service NN COMMA COMMA Mahmud NNP Ahmed NNP . . Armitage NNP said VBD that IN the DT United NNP States NNP wanted VBD Pakistan NNP to TO take VB seven CD steps NNS : COMMA to TO stop VB al NNP Qaeda NNP operatives NNS at IN its PRP$ border NN and CC end VB all DT logistical JJ support NN for IN Bin NNP Ladin NNP ; COMMA to TO give VB the DT United NNP States NNP blanket NN overflight NN and CC landing NN rights NNS for IN all DT necessary JJ military NN and CC intelligence NN operations NNS ; COMMA to TO provide VB territorial JJ access NN to TO U.S. NNP and CC allied JJ military JJ intelligence NN and CC other JJ personnel NNS to TO conduct VB operations NNS against IN al NNP Qaeda NN ; COMMA to TO provide VB the DT United NNP States NNP with IN intelligence NN information NN ; COMMA to TO continue VB to TO publicly RB condemn VB the DT terrorist JJ acts NNS ; COMMA to TO cut VB off RP all DT shipments NNS of IN fuel NN to TO the DT Taliban NNP and CC stop VB recruits NNS from IN going VBG to TO Afghanistan NNP ; COMMA and CC COMMA COMMA if IN the DT evidence NN implicated VBD bin NNP Ladin NNP and CC al NNP Qaeda NNP and CC the DT Taliban NNP continued VBD to TO harbor VB them PRP COMMA COMMA to TO break VB relations NNS with IN the DT Taliban NNP government NN . . Pakistan NNP made VBD its PRP$ decision NN swiftly RB . . That DT afternoon NN COMMA COMMA Secretary NNP of IN State NNP Powell NNP announced VBD at IN the DT beginning NN of IN an DT NSC NNP meeting NN that IN Pakistani JJ President NNP Musharraf NNP had VBD agreed VBN to TO every DT U.S. NNP request NN for IN support NN in IN the DT war NN on IN terrorism NN . . The DT next JJ day NN COMMA COMMA the DT U.S. NNP embassy NN in IN Islamabad NNP confirmed VBD that IN Musharraf NNP and CC his PRP$ top JJ military JJ commanders NNS had VBD agreed VBN to TO all DT seven CD demands NNS . . " '' Pakistan NNP will MD need VB full JJ US NNP support NN as IN it PRP proceeds VBZ with IN us PRP COMMA COMMA " '' the DT embassy NN noted VBD . . " '' Musharraf NNP said VBD the DT GOP NNP -LSB- -LSB- government NN of IN Pakistan NNP -RSB- -RSB- was VBD making VBG substantial JJ concessions NNS in IN allowing VBG use NN of IN its PRP$ territory NN and CC that IN he PRP would MD pay VB a DT domestic JJ price NN . . His PRP$ standing NN in IN Pakistan NNP was VBD certain JJ to TO suffer VB . . To TO counterbalance VB that DT he PRP needed VBD to TO show VB that IN Pakistan NNP was VBD benefiting VBG from IN his PRP$ decisions NNS . . " '' At IN the DT September NNP 13 CD NSC NNP meeting NN COMMA COMMA when WRB Secretary NNP Powell NNP described VBD Pakistan NNP 's POS reply NN COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP led VBD a DT discussion NN of IN an DT appropriate JJ ultimatum NN to TO the DT Taliban NNP . . He PRP also RB ordered VBD Secretary NNP Rumsfeld NNP to TO develop VB a DT military JJ plan NN against IN the DT Taliban NNP . . The DT President NNP wanted VBD the DT United NNP States NNP to TO strike VB the DT Taliban NNP COMMA COMMA step VB back RB COMMA COMMA wait VB to TO see VB if IN they PRP got VBD the DT message NN COMMA COMMA and CC hit VB them PRP hard RB if IN they PRP did VBD not RB . . He PRP made VBD clear JJ that IN the DT military NN should MD focus VB on IN targets NNS that WDT would MD influence VB the DT Taliban NNP 's POS behavior NN . . President NNP Bush NNP also RB tasked VBD the DT State NNP Department NNP COMMA COMMA which WDT on IN the DT following VBG day NN delivered VBD to TO the DT White NNP House NNP a DT paper NN titled VBN " '' Game NNP Plan NNP for IN a DT Political JJ - HYPH Military JJ Strategy NNP for IN Pakistan NNP and CC Afghanistan NNP . . " '' The DT paper NN took VBD it PRP as IN a DT given VBN that IN Bin NNP Ladin NNP would MD continue VB to TO act VB against IN the DT United NNP States NNP even RB while IN under IN Taliban NNP control NN . . It PRP therefore RB detailed VBD specific JJ U.S. NNP demands NNS for IN the DT Taliban NNP : COMMA surrender VB Bin NNP Ladin NNP and CC his PRP$ chief JJ lieutenants NNS COMMA COMMA including VBG Ayman NNP al NNP Zawahiri NNP ; COMMA tell VB the DT United NNP States NNP what WP the DT Taliban NNP knew VBD about IN al NNP Qaeda NNP and CC its PRP$ operations NNS ; COMMA close VB all DT terrorist JJ camps NNS ; COMMA free VB all DT imprisoned VBN foreigners NNS ; COMMA and CC comply VB with IN all DT UN NNP Security NNP Council NNP resolutions NNS . . The DT State NNP Department NNP proposed VBD delivering VBG an DT ultimatum NN to TO the DT Taliban NNP : COMMA produce VB Bin NNP Ladin NNP and CC his PRP$ deputies NNS and CC shut VB down RP al NNP Qaeda NNP camps NNS within IN 24 CD to TO 48 CD hours NNS COMMA COMMA or CC the DT United NNP States NNP will MD use VB all DT necessary JJ means NNS to TO destroy VB the DT terrorist JJ infrastructure NN . . The DT State NNP Department NNP did VBD not RB expect VB the DT Taliban NNP to TO comply VB . . Therefore RB COMMA COMMA State NNP and CC Defense NNP would MD plan VB to TO build VB an DT international JJ coalition NN to TO go VB into IN Afghanistan NNP . . Both DT departments NNS would MD consult VB with IN NATO NNP and CC other JJ allies NNS and CC request VB intelligence NN COMMA COMMA basing NN COMMA COMMA and CC other JJ support NN from IN countries NNS COMMA COMMA according VBG to TO their PRP$ capabilities NNS and CC resources NNS . . Finally RB COMMA COMMA the DT plan NN detailed VBD a DT public JJ U.S. NNP stance NN : COMMA America NNP would MD use VB all DT its PRP$ resources NNS to TO eliminate VB terrorism NN as IN a DT threat NN COMMA COMMA punish VB those DT responsible JJ for IN the DT 9/11 NNP attacks NNS COMMA COMMA hold VB states NNS and CC other JJ actors NNS responsible JJ for IN providing VBG sanctuary NN to TO terrorists NNS COMMA COMMA work VB with IN a DT coalition NN to TO eliminate VB terrorist JJ groups NNS and CC networks NNS COMMA COMMA and CC avoid VB malice NN toward IN any DT people NNS COMMA COMMA religion NN COMMA COMMA or CC culture NN . . President NNP Bush NNP recalled VBD that IN he PRP quickly RB realized VBD that IN the DT administration NN would MD have VB to TO invade VB Afghanistan NNP with IN ground NN troops NNS . . But CC the DT early JJ briefings NNS to TO the DT President NNP and CC Secretary NNP Rumsfeld NNP on IN military JJ options NNS were VBD disappointing JJ . . Tommy NNP Franks NNP COMMA COMMA the DT commanding VBG general NN of IN Central NNP Command NNP ( ( CENTCOM NNP ) ) COMMA COMMA told VBD us PRP that IN the DT President NNP was VBD dissatisfied JJ . . The DT U.S. NNP military NN COMMA COMMA Franks NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA did VBD not RB have VB an DT off-the-shelf JJ plan NN to TO eliminate VB the DT al NNP Qaeda NNP threat NN in IN Afghanistan NNP . . The DT existing VBG Infinite NNP Resolve NNP options NNS did VBD not RB COMMA COMMA in IN his PRP$ view NN COMMA COMMA amount VB to TO such PDT a DT plan NN . . All PDT these DT diplomatic JJ and CC military JJ plans NNS were VBD reviewed VBN over IN the DT weekend NN of IN September NNP 15 CD - SYM 16 CD COMMA COMMA as IN President NNP Bush NNP convened VBD his PRP$ war NN council NN at IN Camp NNP David NNP . . Present JJ were VBD Vice NNP President NNP Cheney NNP COMMA COMMA Rice NNP COMMA COMMA Hadley NNP COMMA COMMA Powell NNP COMMA COMMA Armitage NNP COMMA COMMA Rumsfeld NNP COMMA COMMA Ashcroft NNP COMMA COMMA Mueller NNP COMMA COMMA Tenet NNP COMMA COMMA Deputy NNP Secretary NNP of IN Defense NNP Paul NNP Wolfowitz NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Cofer NNP Black NNP COMMA COMMA chief NN of IN the DT DCI NNP 's POS Counterterrorist NNP Center NNP . . Tenet NNP described VBD a DT plan NN for IN collecting VBG intelligence NN and CC mounting VBG covert JJ operations NNS . . He PRP proposed VBD inserting VBG CIA NNP teams NNS into IN Afghanistan NNP to TO work VB with IN Afghan JJ warlords NNS who WP would MD join VB the DT fight NN against IN al NNP Qaeda NNP . . These DT CIA NNP teams NNS would MD act VB jointly RB with IN the DT military NN 's POS Special NNP Operations NNPS units NNS . . President NNP Bush NNP later RB praised VBD this DT proposal NN COMMA COMMA saying VBG it PRP had VBD been VBN a DT turning NN point NN in IN his PRP$ thinking NN . . General NNP Shelton NNP briefed VBD the DT principals NNS on IN the DT preliminary JJ plan NN for IN Afghanistan NNP that WDT the DT military NN had VBD put VBN together RP . . It PRP drew VBD on IN the DT Infinite NNP Resolve NNP " '' phased VBN campaign NN " '' plan NN the DT Pentagon NNP had VBD begun VBN developing VBG in IN November NNP 2000 CD as IN an DT addition NN to TO the DT strike NN options NNS it PRP had VBD been VBN refining NN since IN 1998 CD . . But CC Shelton NNP added VBD a DT new JJ element NN - : the DT possible JJ significant JJ use NN of IN ground NN forces NNS - : and CC that DT is VBZ where WRB President NNP Bush NNP reportedly RB focused VBD his PRP$ attention NN . . After IN hearing VBG from IN his PRP$ senior JJ advisers NNS COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP discussed VBD with IN Rice NNP the DT contents NNS of IN the DT directives NNS he PRP would MD issue VB to TO set VB all PDT the DT plans NNS into IN motion NN . . Rice NNP prepared VBD a DT paper NN that WDT President NNP Bush NNP then RB considered VBD with IN principals NNS on IN Monday NNP morning NN COMMA COMMA September NNP 17 CD . . " `` The DT purpose NN of IN this DT meeting NN COMMA COMMA " '' he PRP recalled VBD saying VBG COMMA COMMA " '' is VBZ to TO assign VB tasks NNS for IN the DT first JJ wave NN of IN the DT war NN against IN terrorism NN . . It PRP starts VBZ today NN . . " '' In IN a DT written JJ set NN of IN instructions NNS slightly RB refined JJ during IN the DT morning NN meeting NN COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP charged VBD Ashcroft NNP COMMA COMMA Mueller NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Tenet NNP to TO develop VB a DT plan NN for IN homeland NN defense NN . . President NNP Bush NNP directed VBD Secretary NNP of IN State NNP Powell NNP to TO deliver VB an DT ultimatum NN to TO the DT Taliban NNP along IN the DT lines NNS that WDT his PRP$ department NN had VBD originally RB proposed VBN . . The DT State NNP Department NNP was VBD also RB tasked VBN to TO develop VB a DT plan NN to TO stabilize VB Pakistan NNP and CC to TO be VB prepared VBN to TO notify VB Russia NNP and CC countries NNS near IN Afghanistan NNP when WRB hostilities NNS were VBD imminent JJ . . In IN addition NN COMMA COMMA Bush NNP and CC his PRP$ advisers NNS discussed VBD new JJ legal JJ authorities NNS for IN covert JJ action NN in IN Afghanistan NNP COMMA COMMA including VBG the DT administration NN 's POS first JJ Memorandum NNP of IN Notification NNP on IN Bin NNP Ladin NNP . . Shortly RB thereafter RB COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP authorized VBD broad JJ new JJ authorities NNS for IN the DT CIA NNP . . President NNP Bush NNP instructed VBD Rumsfeld NNP and CC Shelton NNP to TO develop VB further RB the DT Camp NNP David NNP military JJ plan NN to TO attack VB the DT Taliban NNP and CC al NNP Qaeda NNP if IN the DT Taliban NNP rejected VBD the DT ultimatum NN . . The DT President NNP also RB tasked VBD Rumsfeld NNP to TO ensure VB that IN robust JJ measures NNS to TO protect VB American JJ military JJ forces NNS against IN terrorist JJ attack NN were VBD implemented VBN worldwide RB . . Finally RB COMMA COMMA he PRP directed VBD Treasury NNP Secretary NNP Paul NNP O'Neill NNP to TO craft VB a DT plan NN to TO target VB al NNP Qaeda NNP 's POS funding NN and CC seize VB its PRP$ assets NNS . . NSC NNP staff NN members NNS had VBD begun VBN leading VBG meetings NNS on IN terrorist JJ fund-raising NN by IN September NNP 18 CD . . Also RB by IN September NNP 18 CD COMMA COMMA Powell NNP had VBD contacted VBN 58 CD of IN his PRP$ foreign JJ counterparts NNS and CC received VBN offers NNS of IN general JJ aid NN COMMA COMMA search NN - HYPH and CC - HYPH rescue NN equipment NN and CC personnel NNS COMMA COMMA and CC medical JJ assistance NN teams NNS . . On IN the DT same JJ day NN COMMA COMMA Deputy NNP Secretary NNP of IN State NNP Armitage NNP was VBD called VBN by IN Mahmud NNP Ahmed NNP regarding VBG a DT two CD - HYPH day NN visit NN to TO Afghanistan NNP during IN which WDT the DT Pakistani JJ intelligence NN chief NN had VBD met VBN with IN Mullah NNP Omar NNP and CC conveyed VBD the DT U.S. NNP demands NNS . . Omar NNP 's POS response NN was VBD " '' not RB negative JJ on IN all PDT these DT points NNS . . " '' But CC the DT administration NN knew VBD that IN the DT Taliban NNP was VBD unlikely JJ to TO turn VB over RP Bin NNP Ladin NNP . . The DT pre/11 JJ draft JJ presidential JJ directive NN on IN al NNP Qaeda NNP evolved VBD into IN a DT new JJ directive NN COMMA COMMA National NNP Security NNP Presidential NNP Directive NNP 9 CD COMMA COMMA now RB titled VBN " '' Defeating VBG the DT Terrorist JJ Threat NN to TO the DT United NNP States NNP . . " '' The DT directive NN would MD now RB extend VB to TO a DT global JJ war NN on IN terrorism NN COMMA COMMA not RB just RB on IN al NNP Qaeda NNP . . It PRP also RB incorporated VBD the DT President NNP 's POS determination NN not RB to TO distinguish VB between IN terrorists NNS and CC those DT who WP harbor VBP them PRP . . It PRP included VBD a DT determination NN to TO use VB military JJ force NN if IN necessary JJ to TO end VB al NNP Qaeda NNP 's POS sanctuary NN in IN Afghanistan NNP . . The DT new JJ directive NN - : formally RB signed VBN on IN October NNP 25 CD COMMA COMMA after IN the DT fighting NN in IN Afghanistan NNP had VBD already RB begun VBN - : included VBD new JJ material NN followed VBN by IN annexes NNS discussing VBG each DT targeted VBN terrorist JJ group NN . . The DT old JJ draft JJ directive NN on IN al NNP Qaeda NNP became VBD COMMA COMMA in IN effect NN COMMA COMMA the DT first JJ annex NN . . The DT United NNP States NNP would MD strive VB to TO eliminate VB all DT terrorist JJ networks NNS COMMA COMMA dry VB up RP their PRP$ financial JJ support NN COMMA COMMA and CC prevent VB them PRP from IN acquiring VBG weapons NNS of IN mass JJ destruction NN . . The DT goal NN was VBD the DT " '' elimination NN of IN terrorism NN as IN a DT threat NN to TO our PRP$ way NN of IN life NN . . " '' " '' PHASE NN TWO CD " '' AND CC THE DT QUESTION NN OF IN IRAQ NNP President NNP Bush NNP had VBD wondered VBN immediately RB after IN the DT attack NN whether IN Saddam NNP Hussein NNP 's POS regime NN might MD have VB had VBN a DT hand NN in IN it PRP . . Iraq NNP had VBD been VBN an DT enemy NN of IN the DT United NNP States NNP for IN 11 CD years NNS COMMA COMMA and CC was VBD the DT only JJ place NN in IN the DT world NN where WRB the DT United NNP States NNP was VBD engaged VBN in IN ongoing JJ combat NN operations NNS . . As IN a DT former JJ pilot NN COMMA COMMA the DT President NNP was VBD struck VBN by IN the DT apparent JJ sophistication NN of IN the DT operation NN and CC some DT of IN the DT piloting NN COMMA COMMA especially RB Hanjour NNP 's POS high JJ - HYPH speed NN dive NN into IN the DT Pentagon NNP . . He PRP told VBD us PRP he PRP recalled VBD Iraqi JJ support NN for IN Palestinian JJ suicide NN terrorists NNS as RB well RB . . Speculating VBG about IN other JJ possible JJ states NNS that WDT could MD be VB involved VBN COMMA COMMA the DT President NNP told VBD us PRP he PRP also RB thought VBD about IN Iran NNP . . Clarke NNP has VBZ written VBN that IN on IN the DT evening NN of IN September NNP 12 CD COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP told VBD him PRP and CC some DT of IN his PRP$ staff NN to TO explore VB possible JJ Iraqi JJ links NNS to TO 9/11 NNP . . " '' See VB if IN Saddam NNP did VBD this DT COMMA COMMA " '' Clarke NNP recalls VBZ the DT President NNP telling VBG them PRP . . " '' See VB if IN he PRP 's VBZ linked VBN in IN any DT way NN . . " '' While IN he PRP believed VBD the DT details NNS of IN Clarke NNP 's POS account NN to TO be VB incorrect JJ COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP acknowledged VBD that IN he PRP might MD well RB have VB spoken VBN to TO Clarke NNP at IN some DT point NN COMMA COMMA asking VBG him PRP about IN Iraq NNP . . Responding VBG to TO a DT presidential JJ tasking NN COMMA COMMA Clarke NNP 's POS office NN sent VBD a DT memo NN to TO Rice NNP on IN September NNP 18 CD COMMA COMMA titled VBN " '' Survey NNP of IN Intelligence NNP Information NNP on IN Any DT Iraq NNP Involvement NNP in IN the DT September NNP 11 CD Attacks NNPS . . " '' Rice NNP 's POS chief JJ staffer NN on IN Afghanistan NNP COMMA COMMA Zalmay NNP Khalilzad NNP COMMA COMMA concurred VBD in IN its PRP$ conclusion NN that IN only RB some DT anecdotal JJ evidence NN linked VBD Iraq NNP to TO al NNP Qaeda NNP . . The DT memo NN found VBD no DT " '' compelling VBG case NN " '' that IN Iraq NNP had VBD either CC planned VBN or CC perpetrated VBN the DT attacks NNS . . It PRP passed VBD along RP a DT few JJ foreign JJ intelligence NN reports NNS COMMA COMMA including VBG the DT Czech JJ report NN alleging VBG an DT April NNP 2001 CD Prague NNP meeting NN between IN Atta NNP and CC an DT Iraqi JJ intelligence NN officer NN ( ( discussed VBN in IN chapter NN 7 CD ) ) and CC a DT Polish JJ report NN that IN personnel NNS at IN the DT headquarters NN of IN Iraqi JJ intelligence NN in IN Baghdad NNP were VBD told VBN before IN September NNP 11 CD to TO go VB on IN the DT streets NNS to TO gauge VB crowd NN reaction NN to TO an DT unspecified JJ event NN . . Arguing VBG that IN the DT case NN for IN links NNS between IN Iraq NNP and CC al NNP Qaeda NNP was VBD weak JJ COMMA COMMA the DT memo NN pointed VBD out RP that IN Bin NNP Ladin NNP resented VBD the DT secularism NN of IN Saddam NNP Hussein NNP 's POS regime NN . . Finally RB COMMA COMMA the DT memo NN said VBD COMMA COMMA there EX was VBD no DT confirmed VBN reporting NN on IN Saddam NNP cooperating VBG with IN Bin NNP Ladin NNP on IN unconventional JJ weapons NNS . . On IN the DT afternoon NN of IN 9/11 CD COMMA COMMA according VBG to TO contemporaneous JJ notes NNS COMMA COMMA Secretary NNP Rumsfeld NNP instructed VBD General NNP Myers NNP to TO obtain VB quickly RB as RB much JJ information NN as IN possible JJ . . The DT notes NNS indicate VBP that IN he PRP also RB told VBD Myers NNP that IN he PRP was VBD not RB simply RB interested JJ in IN striking VBG empty JJ training NN sites NNS . . He PRP thought VBD the DT U.S. NNP response NN should MD consider VB a DT wide JJ range NN of IN options NNS and CC possibilities NNS . . The DT secretary NN said VBD his PRP$ instinct NN was VBD to TO hit VB Saddam NNP Hussein NNP at IN the DT same JJ time NN - : not RB only RB Bin NNP Ladin NNP . . Secretary NNP Rumsfeld NNP later RB explained VBD that IN at IN the DT time NN COMMA COMMA he PRP had VBD been VBN considering VBG either DT one CD of IN them PRP COMMA COMMA or CC perhaps RB someone NN else RB COMMA COMMA as IN the DT responsible JJ party NN . . According VBG to TO Rice NNP COMMA COMMA the DT issue NN of IN what WP COMMA COMMA if IN anything NN COMMA COMMA to TO do VB about IN Iraq NNP was VBD really RB engaged VBN at IN Camp NNP David NNP . . Briefing NN papers NNS on IN Iraq NNP COMMA COMMA along IN with IN many JJ others NNS COMMA COMMA were VBD in IN briefing JJ materials NNS for IN the DT participants NNS . . Rice NNP told VBD us PRP the DT administration NN was VBD concerned VBN that IN Iraq NNP would MD take VB advantage NN of IN the DT 9/11 NNP attacks NNS . . She PRP recalled VBD that IN in IN the DT first JJ Camp NNP David NNP session NN chaired VBN by IN the DT President NNP COMMA COMMA Rumsfeld NNP asked VBD what WP the DT administration NN should MD do VB about IN Iraq NNP . . Deputy NNP Secretary NNP Wolfowitz NNP made VBD the DT case NN for IN striking VBG Iraq NNP during IN " '' this DT round NN " '' of IN the DT war NN on IN terrorism NN . . A DT Defense NNP Department NNP paper NN for IN the DT Camp NNP David NNP briefing NN book NN on IN the DT strategic JJ concept NN for IN the DT war NN on IN terrorism NN specified VBD three CD priority NN targets NNS for IN initial JJ action NN : COMMA al NNP Qaeda NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Taliban NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Iraq NNP . . It PRP argued VBD that IN of IN the DT three CD COMMA COMMA al NNP Qaeda NNP and CC Iraq NNP posed VBD a DT strategic JJ threat NN to TO the DT United NNP States NNP . . Iraq NNP 's POS long RB - HYPH standing VBG involvement NN in IN terrorism NN was VBD cited VBN COMMA COMMA along IN with IN its PRP$ interest NN in IN weapons NNS of IN mass JJ destruction NN . . Secretary NNP Powell NNP recalled VBD that IN Wolfowitz NNP - : not RB Rumsfeld NNP - : argued VBD that IN Iraq NNP was VBD ultimately RB the DT source NN of IN the DT terrorist JJ problem NN and CC should MD therefore RB be VB attacked VBN . . Powell NNP said VBD that IN Wolfowitz NNP was VBD not RB able JJ to TO justify VB his PRP$ belief NN that IN Iraq NNP was VBD behind IN 9/11 NNP . . " '' Paul NNP was VBD always RB of IN the DT view NN that IN Iraq NNP was VBD a DT problem NN that WDT had VBD to TO be VB dealt VBN with IN COMMA COMMA " '' Powell NNP told VBD us PRP . . " . And CC he PRP saw VBD this DT as IN one CD way NN of IN using VBG this DT event NN as IN a DT way NN to TO deal VB with IN the DT Iraq NNP problem NN . . " '' Powell NNP said VBD that IN President NNP Bush NNP did VBD not RB give VB Wolfowitz NNP 's POS argument NN " '' much JJ weight NN . . " '' Though IN continuing VBG to TO worry VB about IN Iraq NNP in IN the DT following JJ week NN COMMA COMMA Powell NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP saw VBD Afghanistan NNP as IN the DT priority NN . . President NNP Bush NNP told VBD Bob NNP Woodward NNP that IN the DT decision NN not RB to TO invade VB Iraq NNP was VBD made VBN at IN the DT morning NN session NN on IN September NNP 15 CD . . Iraq NNP was VBD not RB even RB on IN the DT table NN during IN the DT September NNP 15 CD afternoon NN session NN COMMA COMMA which WDT dealt VBD solely RB with IN Afghanistan NNP . . Rice NNP said VBD that IN when WRB President NNP Bush NNP called VBD her PRP on IN Sunday NNP COMMA COMMA September NNP 16 CD COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD the DT focus NN would MD be VB on IN Afghanistan NNP COMMA COMMA although IN he PRP still RB wanted VBD plans NNS for IN Iraq NNP should MD the DT country NN take VB some DT action NN or CC the DT administration NN eventually RB determine VB that IN it PRP had VBD been VBN involved VBN in IN the DT 9/11 NNP attacks NNS . . At IN the DT September NNP 17 CD NSC NNP meeting NN COMMA COMMA there EX was VBD some DT further JJ discussion NN of IN " '' phase NN two CD " '' of IN the DT war NN on IN terrorism NN . . President NNP Bush NNP ordered VBD the DT Defense NNP Department NNP to TO be VB ready JJ to TO deal VB with IN Iraq NNP if IN Baghdad NNP acted VBD against IN U.S. NNP interests NNS COMMA COMMA with IN plans NNS to TO include VB possibly RB occupying VBG Iraqi JJ oil NN fields NNS . . Within IN the DT Pentagon NNP COMMA COMMA Deputy NNP Secretary NNP Wolfowitz NNP continued VBD to TO press VB the DT case NN for IN dealing VBG with IN Iraq NNP . . Writing VBG to TO Rumsfeld NNP on IN September NNP 17 CD in IN a DT memo NN headlined VBN " '' Preventing VBG More JJR Events NNS COMMA COMMA " '' he PRP argued VBD that IN if IN there EX was VBD even RB a DT 10 CD percent NN chance NN that IN Saddam NNP Hussein NNP was VBD behind IN the DT 9/11 NNP attack NN COMMA COMMA maximum JJ priority NN should MD be VB placed VBN on IN eliminating VBG that DT threat NN . . Wolfowitz NNP contended VBD that IN the DT odds NNS were VBD " '' far RB more RBR " '' than IN 1 CD in IN 10 CD COMMA COMMA citing VBG Saddam NNP 's POS praise NN for IN the DT attack NN COMMA COMMA his PRP$ long JJ record NN of IN involvement NN in IN terrorism NN COMMA COMMA and CC theories NNS that IN Ramzi NNP Yousef NNP was VBD an DT Iraqi JJ agent NN and CC Iraq NNP was VBD behind IN the DT 1993 CD attack NN on IN the DT World NNP Trade NNP Center NNP . . The DT next JJ day NN COMMA COMMA Wolfowitz NNP renewed VBD the DT argument NN COMMA COMMA writing VBG to TO Rumsfeld NNP about IN the DT interest NN of IN Yousef NNP 's POS co-conspirator NN in IN the DT 1995 CD Manila NNP air NN plot NN in IN crashing VBG an DT explosives NNS - HYPH laden VBN plane NN into IN CIA NNP headquarters NN COMMA COMMA and CC about IN information NN from IN a DT foreign JJ government NN regarding VBG Iraqis NNPS ' POS involvement NN in IN the DT attempted VBN hijacking NN of IN a DT Gulf NNP Air NNP flight NN . . Given VBN this DT background NN COMMA COMMA he PRP wondered VBD why WRB so RB little JJ thought NN had VBD been VBN devoted VBN to TO the DT danger NN of IN suicide NN pilots NNS COMMA COMMA seeing VBG a DT " '' failure NN of IN imagination NN " '' and CC a DT mind-set NN that WDT dismissed VBD possibilities NNS . . On IN September NNP 19 CD COMMA COMMA Rumsfeld NNP offered VBD several JJ thoughts NNS for IN his PRP$ commanders NNS as IN they PRP worked VBD on IN their PRP$ contingency NN plans NNS . . Though IN he PRP emphasized VBD the DT worldwide JJ nature NN of IN the DT conflict NN COMMA COMMA the DT references NNS to TO specific JJ enemies NNS or CC regions NNS named VBD only RB the DT Taliban NNP COMMA COMMA al NNP Qaeda NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Afghanistan NNP . . Shelton NNP told VBD us PRP the DT administration NN reviewed VBD all PDT the DT Pentagon NNP 's POS war NN plans NNS and CC challenged VBD certain JJ assumptions NNS underlying VBG them PRP COMMA COMMA as IN any DT prudent JJ organization NN or CC leader NN should MD do VB . . General NNP Tommy NNP Franks NNP COMMA COMMA the DT commanding VBG general NN of IN Central NNP Command NNP COMMA COMMA recalled VBD receiving VBG Rumsfeld NNP 's POS guidance NN that IN each DT regional JJ commander NN should MD assess VB what WP these DT plans NNS meant VBD for IN his PRP$ area NN of IN responsibility NN . . He PRP knew VBD he PRP would MD soon RB be VB striking VBG the DT Taliban NNP and CC al NNP Qaeda NN in IN Afghanistan NNP . . But CC COMMA COMMA he PRP told VBD us PRP COMMA COMMA he PRP now RB wondered VBD how WRB that DT action NN was VBD connected VBN to TO what WP might MD need VB to TO be VB done VBN in IN Somalia NNP COMMA COMMA Yemen CD COMMA COMMA or CC Iraq NNP . . On IN September NNP 20 CD COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP met VBD with IN British JJ Prime NNP Minister NNP Tony NNP Blair NNP COMMA COMMA and CC the DT two CD leaders NNS discussed VBD the DT global JJ conflict NN ahead RB . . When WRB Blair NNP asked VBD about IN Iraq NNP COMMA COMMA the DT President NNP replied VBD that IN Iraq NNP was VBD not RB the DT immediate JJ problem NN . . Some DT members NNS of IN his PRP$ administration NN COMMA COMMA he PRP commented VBD COMMA COMMA had VBD expressed VBN a DT different JJ view NN COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP was VBD the DT one NN responsible JJ for IN making VBG the DT decisions NNS . . Franks NNP told VBD us PRP that IN he PRP was VBD pushing VBG independently RB to TO do VB more RBR robust JJ planning NN on IN military JJ responses NNS in IN Iraq NNP during IN the DT summer NN before IN 9/11 NNP - : a DT request NN President NNP Bush NNP denied VBD COMMA COMMA arguing VBG that IN the DT time NN was VBD not RB right JJ . . ( ( CENTCOM NNP also RB began VBD dusting VBG off RP plans NNS for IN a DT full JJ invasion NN of IN Iraq NNP during IN this DT period NN COMMA COMMA Franks NNP said VBD . . ) ) The DT CENTCOM NNP commander NN told VBD us PRP he PRP renewed VBD his PRP$ appeal NN for IN further JJ military JJ planning NN to TO respond VB to TO Iraqi JJ moves NNS shortly RB after IN 9/11 NNP COMMA COMMA both CC because IN he PRP personally RB felt VBD that IN Iraq NNP and CC al NNP Qaeda NNP might MD be VB engaged VBN in IN some DT form NN of IN collusion NN and CC because IN he PRP worried VBD that IN Saddam NNP might MD take VB advantage NN of IN the DT attacks NNS to TO move VB against IN his PRP$ internal JJ enemies NNS in IN the DT northern JJ or CC southern JJ parts NNS of IN Iraq NNP COMMA COMMA where WRB the DT United NNP States NNP was VBD flying VBG regular JJ missions NNS to TO enforce VB Iraqi JJ no DT - HYPH fly NN zones NNS . . Franks NNS said VBD that IN President NNP Bush NNP again RB turned VBD down RP the DT request NN . . Having VBG issued VBN directives NNS to TO guide VB his PRP$ administration NN 's POS preparations NNS for IN war NN COMMA COMMA on IN Thursday NNP COMMA COMMA September NNP 20 CD COMMA COMMA President NNP Bush NNP addressed VBD the DT nation NN before IN a DT joint JJ session NN of IN Congress NNP . . " '' Tonight NNP COMMA COMMA " '' he PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA " '' we PRP are VBP a DT country NN awakened VBN to TO danger NN . . " . The DT President NNP blamed VBD al NNP Qaeda NNP for IN 9/11 NNP and CC the DT 1998 CD embassy NN bombings NNS and CC COMMA COMMA for IN the DT first JJ time NN COMMA COMMA declared VBD that IN al NNP Qaeda NNP was VBD " '' responsible JJ for IN bombing VBG the DT USS NNP Cole NNP . . " '' He PRP reiterated VBD the DT ultimatum NN that WDT had VBD already RB been VBN conveyed VBN privately RB . . " '' The DT Taliban NNP must MD act VB COMMA COMMA and CC act VB immediately RB COMMA COMMA " '' he PRP said VBD . . " '' They PRP will MD hand VB over RP the DT terrorists NNS COMMA COMMA or CC they PRP will MD share VB in IN their PRP$ fate NN . . " '' The DT President NNP added VBD that IN America NNP 's POS quarrel NN was VBD not RB with IN Islam NNP : : " `` The DT enemy NN of IN America NNP is VBZ not RB our PRP$ many JJ Muslim JJ friends NNS ; . it PRP is VBZ not RB our PRP$ many JJ Arab JJ friends NNS . . Our PRP$ enemy NN is VBZ a DT radical JJ network NN of IN terrorists NNS COMMA COMMA and CC every DT government NN that WDT supports VBZ them PRP . . " '' Other JJ regimes NNS faced VBD hard JJ choices NNS COMMA COMMA he PRP pointed VBD out RP : . " '' Every DT nation NN COMMA COMMA in IN every DT region NN COMMA COMMA now RB has VBZ a DT decision NN to TO make VB : . Either CC you PRP are VBP with IN us PRP COMMA COMMA or CC you PRP are VBP with IN the DT terrorists NNS . . " '' President NNP Bush NNP argued VBD that IN the DT new JJ war NN went VBD beyond IN Bin NNP Ladin NNP . . " '' Our PRP$ war NN on IN terror NN begins VBZ with IN al NNP Qaeda NNP COMMA COMMA but CC it PRP does VBZ not RB end VB there RB COMMA COMMA " '' he PRP said VBD . . " '' It PRP will MD not RB end VB until IN every DT terrorist JJ group NN of IN global JJ reach NN has VBZ been VBN found VBN COMMA COMMA stopped VBN COMMA COMMA and CC defeated VBN . . " '' The DT President NNP had VBD a DT message NN for IN the DT Pentagon NNP : COMMA " '' The DT hour NN is VBZ coming VBG when WRB America NNP will MD act VB COMMA COMMA and CC you PRP will MD make VB us PRP proud JJ . . " '' He PRP also RB had VBD a DT message NN for IN those DT outside IN the DT United NNP States NNP . . " '' This DT is VBZ civilization NN 's POS fight NN COMMA COMMA " '' he PRP said VBD . . " `` We PRP ask VBP every DT nation NN to TO join VB us PRP . . " '' President NNP Bush NNP approved VBD military JJ plans NNS to TO attack VB Afghanistan NNP in IN meetings NNS with IN Central NNP Command NNP 's POS General NNP Franks NNP and CC other JJ advisers NNS on IN September NNP 21 CD and CC October NNP 2 CD . . Originally RB titled VBN " '' Infinite NNP Justice NNP COMMA COMMA " '' the DT operation NN 's POS code NN word NN was VBD changed VBN - : to TO avoid VB the DT sensibilities NNS of IN Muslims NNPS who WP associate VBP the DT power NN of IN infinite JJ justice NN with IN God NNP alone RB - : to TO the DT operational JJ name NN still RB used VBN for IN operations NNS in IN Afghanistan NNP : COMMA " '' Enduring NNP Freedom NNP . . " '' The DT plan NN had VBD four CD phases NNS . . In IN Phase NNP One CD COMMA COMMA the DT United NNP States NNP and CC its PRP$ allies NNS would MD move VB forces NNS into IN the DT region NN and CC arrange VB to TO operate VB from IN or CC over IN neighboring JJ countries NNS such JJ as IN Uzbekistan NNP and CC Pakistan NNP . . This DT occurred VBD in IN the DT weeks NNS following VBG 9/11 NNP COMMA COMMA aided VBN by IN overwhelming JJ international JJ sympathy NN for IN the DT United NNP States NNP . . In IN Phase NNP Two CD COMMA COMMA air NN strikes NNS and CC Special NNP Operations NNPS attacks NNS would MD hit VB key JJ al NNP Qaeda NNP and CC Taliban NNP targets NNS . . In IN an DT innovative JJ joint JJ effort NN COMMA COMMA CIA NNP and CC Special NNP Operations NNPS forces NNS would MD be VB deployed VBN to TO work VB together RB with IN each DT major JJ Afghan JJ faction NN opposed VBN to TO the DT Taliban NNP . . The DT Phase NNP Two CD strikes NNS and CC raids NNS began VBD on IN October NNP 7 CD . . The DT basing NN arrangements NNS contemplated VBN for IN Phase NNP One CD were VBD substantially RB secured VBN - : after IN arduous JJ effort NN - : by IN the DT end NN of IN that DT month NN . . In IN Phase NNP Three CD COMMA COMMA the DT United NNP States NNP would MD carry VB out RP " '' decisive JJ operations NNS " '' using VBG all DT elements NNS of IN national JJ power NN COMMA COMMA including VBG ground NN troops NNS COMMA COMMA to TO topple VB the DT Taliban NNP regime NN and CC eliminate VB al NNP Qaeda NNP 's POS sanctuary NN in IN Afghanistan NNP . . Mazar-e-Sharif NNP COMMA COMMA in IN northern JJ Afghanistan NNP COMMA COMMA fell VBD to TO a DT coalition NN assault NN by IN Afghan JJ and CC U.S. NNP forces NNS on IN November NNP 9 CD . . Four CD days NNS later RBR the DT Taliban NNP had VBD fled VBN from IN Kabul NNP . . By IN early JJ December NNP COMMA COMMA all DT major JJ cities NNS had VBD fallen VBN to TO the DT coalition NN . . On IN December NNP 22 CD COMMA COMMA Hamid NNP Karzai NNP COMMA COMMA a DT Pashtun NNP leader NN from IN Kandahar NNP COMMA COMMA was VBD installed VBN as IN the DT chairman NN of IN Afghanistan NNP 's POS interim JJ administration NN . . Afghanistan NNP had VBD been VBN liberated VBN from IN the DT rule NN of IN the DT Taliban NNP . . In IN December NNP 2001 CD COMMA COMMA Afghan JJ forces NNS COMMA COMMA with IN limited JJ U.S. NNP support NN COMMA COMMA engaged VBD al NNP Qaeda NNP elements NNS in IN a DT cave NN complex NN called VBN Tora NNP Bora NNP . . In IN March NNP 2002 CD COMMA COMMA the DT largest JJS engagement NN of IN the DT war NN was VBD fought VBN COMMA COMMA in IN the DT mountainous JJ Shah-i-Kot NNP area NN south RB of IN Gardez NNP COMMA COMMA against IN a DT large JJ force NN of IN al NNP Qaeda NNP jihadists NNS . . The DT three CD - HYPH week NN battle NN was VBD substantially RB successful JJ COMMA COMMA and CC almost RB all DT remaining VBG al NNP Qaeda NNP forces NNS took VBD refuge NN in IN Pakistan NNP 's POS equally RB mountainous JJ and CC lightly RB governed VBN frontier NN provinces NNS . . As IN of IN July NNP 2004 CD COMMA COMMA Bin NNP Ladin NNP and CC Zawahiri NNP are VBP still RB believed VBN to TO be VB at IN large JJ . . In IN Phase NNP Four CD COMMA COMMA civilian JJ and CC military JJ operations NNS turned VBD to TO the DT indefinite JJ task NN of IN what WP the DT armed JJ forces NNS call VBP " '' security NN and CC stability NN operations NNS . . " '' Within IN about IN two CD months NNS of IN the DT start NN of IN combat NN operations NNS COMMA COMMA several JJ hundred CD CIA NNP operatives NNS and CC Special NNP Forces NNPS soldiers NNS COMMA COMMA backed VBN by IN the DT striking VBG power NN of IN U.S. NNP aircraft NN and CC a DT much RB larger JJR infrastructure NN of IN intelligence NN and CC support NN efforts NNS COMMA COMMA had VBD combined VBN with IN Afghan JJ militias NNS and CC a DT small JJ number NN of IN other JJ coalition NN soldiers NNS to TO destroy VB the DT Taliban NNP regime NN and CC disrupt VB al NNP Qaeda NNP . . They PRP had VBD killed VBN or CC captured VBN about RB a DT quarter NN of IN the DT enemy NN 's POS known VBN leaders NNS . . Mohammed NNP Atef NNP COMMA COMMA al NNP Qaeda NNP 's POS military JJ commander NN and CC a DT principal JJ figure NN in IN the DT 9/11 NNP plot NN COMMA COMMA had VBD been VBN killed VBN by IN a DT U.S. NNP air NN strike NN . . According VBG to TO a DT senior JJ CIA NNP officer NN who WP helped VBD devise VB the DT overall JJ strategy NN COMMA COMMA the DT CIA NNP provided VBD intelligence NN COMMA COMMA experience NN COMMA COMMA cash NN COMMA COMMA covert JJ action NN capabilities NNS COMMA COMMA and CC entrance NN to TO tribal NN allies NNS . . In IN turn NN COMMA COMMA the DT U.S. NNP military NN offered VBD combat NN expertise NN COMMA COMMA firepower NN COMMA COMMA logistics NNS COMMA COMMA and CC communications NNS . . With IN these DT initial JJ victories NNS won VBN by IN the DT middle NN of IN 2002 CD COMMA COMMA the DT global JJ conflict NN against IN Islamist JJ terrorism NN became VBD a DT different JJ kind NN of IN struggle NN . . Mickie NNP sat VBD over IN his PRP$ second JJ whisky NN - HYPH on IN - HYPH the DT - HYPH rocks NNS in IN a DT little JJ bar NN next RB to TO the DT funeral NN parlor NN on IN Pennsylvania NNP Avenue NNP . . Al NNP 's POS Little NNP Cafe NNP was VBD small JJ COMMA COMMA dark JJ COMMA COMMA narrow JJ COMMA COMMA and CC filled VBN with IN the DT mingled VBN scent NN of IN beer NN COMMA COMMA tobacco NN smoke NN COMMA COMMA and CC Italian JJ cooking NN . . Hanging VBG over IN the DT bar NN was VBD an DT oil NN painting NN of IN a DT nude NN Al NNP had VBD accepted VBN from IN a DT student NN at IN the DT Corcoran NNP Gallery NNP who WP needed VBD to TO eat VB and CC drink VB and CC was VBD broke JJ . . The DT nude NN was VBD small JJ and CC black-haired JJ and CC elfin JJ COMMA COMMA and CC was VBD called VBN `` `` Eloise NNP '' '' . . This DT was VBD one CD place NN where WRB Moonan NNP could MD go VB for IN a DT drink NN in IN a DT back NN booth NN without IN anyone NN noticing VBG him PRP COMMA COMMA or CC at IN least JJS coming VBG up RB and CC hanging VBG around RB and CC wanting VBG to TO know VB all PDT the DT low-down NN . . The DT other JJ patrons NNS were VBD taxi NN drivers NNS and CC art NN students NNS and CC small JJ shopkeepers NNS . . The DT reporters NNS had VBD not RB yet RB discovered VBN that IN this DT was VBD his PRP$ hideaway NN . . His PRP$ friend NN Jane NNP was VBD with IN him PRP . . She PRP was VBD wise JJ enough RB to TO realize VB a DT man NN could MD be VB good JJ company NN even RB if IN he PRP did VBD weigh VB too RB much JJ and CC did VBD n't RB own VB the DT mint NN . . She PRP was VBD the DT widow NN of IN a DT writer NN who WP had VBD died VBN in IN an DT airplane NN crash NN COMMA COMMA and CC Mickie NNP had VBD found VBN her PRP a DT job NN as IN head NN of IN the DT historical JJ section NN of IN the DT Treasury NNP . . This DT meant VBD sorting VBG out RP press NN clippings NNS and CC the DT like JJ . . Jane NNP sat VBD receptive JJ and CC interested JJ . . Mickie NNP had VBD a DT pleasant JJ glow NN as IN he PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` You PRP see VBP COMMA COMMA both DT of IN them PRP COMMA COMMA I PRP mean VBP the DT President NNP and CC Jeff NNP Lawrence NNP COMMA COMMA are VBP romantics NNS . . A DT romantic JJ is VBZ one NN who WP thinks VBZ the DT world NN is VBZ divinely RB inspired VBN and CC all DT he PRP has VBZ to TO do VB is VBZ find VB the DT right JJ key NN COMMA COMMA and CC then RB divine JJ justice NN and CC altruism NN will MD appear VB . . It PRP 's VBZ like IN focusing VBG a DT camera NN ; : the DT distant JJ ship NN is VBZ n't RB there RB until IN you PRP get VBP the DT focus NN . . You PRP know VBP what WP I PRP 'm VBP talking VBG about IN . . I PRP 'm VBP sure JJ all DT girls NNS feel VBP this DT way NN about IN men NNS until IN they PRP live VBP with IN them PRP . . `` `` But CC when WRB it PRP comes VBZ to TO war NN COMMA COMMA the DT Colonel NNP knows VBZ what WP it PRP is VBZ and CC Jeff NNP does VBZ n't RB . . Mr. NNP Christiansen NNP knows VBZ that IN a DT soldier NN will MD get VB the DT Distinguished NNP Service NNP Medal NNP for IN conduct NN that WDT would MD land VB him PRP in IN prison NN for IN life NN or CC the DT electric JJ chair NN as IN a DT civilian NN . . He PRP had VBD a DT mean JJ COMMA COMMA unbroken JJ sheer JJ bastard NN in IN his PRP$ outfit NN COMMA COMMA and CC someone NN invented VBD the DT name NN Trig NNP for IN him PRP . . That DT 's VBZ to TO say VB COMMA COMMA he PRP was VBD trigger NN happy JJ . . He PRP 'd MD shoot VB at IN anything NN if IN it PRP was VBD the DT rear JJ end NN of IN a DT horse NN or CC his PRP$ own JJ sentry NN . . He PRP was VBD a DT wiry JJ COMMA COMMA inscrutable JJ COMMA COMMA silent JJ country NN boy NN from IN the DT red JJ clay NN of IN rural JJ Alabama NNP COMMA COMMA and CC he PRP spoke VBD with IN the DT broad JJ drawl NN that WDT others NNS normally RB make VBP fun NN of IN . . But CC not RB in IN front NN of IN Trig NNP . . I PRP heard VBD of IN some DT that WDT tried VBD it PRP back RB in IN the DT States NNP COMMA COMMA and CC he PRP 'd MD knock VB them PRP clear RB across IN the DT room NN . . There EX 'd MD been VBN a DT pretty RB bad JJ incident NN back RB at IN the DT Marine NNP base NN . . A DT New NNP York NNP kid NN COMMA COMMA a DT refugee NN from IN one CD of IN the DT Harlem NNP gangs NNS COMMA COMMA made VBD fun NN of IN Trig NNP 's POS accent NN COMMA COMMA and CC drew VBD a DT knife NN . . Before IN the DT fight NN was VBD over RB COMMA COMMA the DT Harlem NNP boy NN had VBD a DT concussion NN and CC Trig NNP was VBD cut VBN up RP badly RB . . They PRP caught VBD Trig NNP stealing VBG liquor NN from IN the DT officers NNS ' POS mess NN COMMA COMMA and CC he PRP got VBD a DT couple NN of IN girls NNS in IN trouble NN . . The DT fear NN of IN punishment NN just RB did VBD n't RB bother VB him PRP . . It PRP was VBD n't RB there RB . . It PRP was VBD left VBN out RB of IN him PRP at IN birth NN . . This DT is VBZ why WRB he PRP made VBD such DT a DT magnificent JJ soldier NN . . He PRP was VBD n't RB troubled VBN with IN the DT ordinary JJ COMMA COMMA rank NN - HYPH and CC - HYPH file NN fear NN that WDT overcomes VBZ and CC paralyzes VBZ and CC sends VBZ individual JJ soldiers NNS and CC whole JJ companies NNS under IN fire NN running VBG in IN panic NN . . It PRP just RB did VBD n't RB occur VB to TO Trig NNP that IN anything NN serious JJ would MD happen VB to TO him PRP . . Do VBP you PRP get VB the DT picture NN of IN the DT kind NN of IN fellow NN he PRP was VBD '' '' ? . Jane NNP nodded VBD with IN a DT pleasant JJ smile NN . . `` `` All RB right JJ . . There EX was VBD a DT sniper NN 's POS nest NN in IN a DT mountain NN cave NN COMMA COMMA and CC it PRP was VBD picking VBG off RP our PRP$ men NNS with IN devilish JJ accuracy NN . . The DT Colonel NNP ordered VBD that IN it PRP be VB wiped VBN out RP COMMA COMMA and CC I PRP suggested VBD COMMA COMMA ' '' You PRP ask VBP for IN volunteers NNS COMMA COMMA and CC promise VBP each DT man NN on IN the DT patrol NN a DT quart NN of IN whisky NN COMMA COMMA ten CD dollars NNS and CC a DT week NN - HYPH end NN pass NN to TO Davao NNP . . Trig NNP was VBD one CD of IN the DT five CD volunteers NNS . . The DT patrol NN snaked VBD around RB in IN back NN of IN the DT cave NN COMMA COMMA approached VBD it PRP from IN above RB and CC dropped VBD in RB suddenly RB with IN wild JJ howls NNS . . You PRP could MD hear VB them PRP from IN our PRP$ outpost NN . . There EX was VBD a DT lot NN of IN shooting NN . . We PRP knew VBD the DT enemy NN was VBD subdued VBN COMMA COMMA because IN a DT flare NN was VBD fired VBN as IN the DT signal NN . . So CC we PRP hurried VBD over RB . . Two CD of IN our PRP$ men NNS were VBD killed VBN COMMA COMMA a DT third JJ was VBD wounded VBN . . Trig NNP and CC a DT very RB black JJ colored JJ boy NN from IN Detroit NNP had VBD killed VBN or CC put VBN out IN of IN action NN ten CD guerrillas NNS by IN grenades NNS and CC hand NN - HYPH to IN - HYPH hand NN fighting NN . . When WRB we PRP got VBD there RB COMMA COMMA Trig NNP and CC the DT Negro NNP were VBD quarreling VBG over IN possession NN of IN a DT gold JJ crucifix NN around IN the DT neck NN of IN a DT wounded JJ Filipino NNP . . The DT colored JJ boy NN had VBD it PRP COMMA COMMA and CC Trig NNP lunged VBD at IN him PRP with IN a DT knife NN and CC said VBD COMMA COMMA ' '' Give VB that DT to TO me PRP COMMA COMMA you PRP black JJ bastard NN . . We PRP do VBP n't RB 'low VB nigras NNS to TO walk VB on IN the DT same JJ sidewalk NN with IN white JJ men NNS where WRB I PRP come VBP from IN . . `` `` The DT Negro NNP got VBD a DT bad JJ slice NN on IN his PRP$ chest NN from IN the DT knife NN wound NN '' '' . . `` `` What WP did VBD the DT Colonel NNP do VB about IN the DT men NNS '' '' ? . Jane NNP asked VBD in IN her PRP$ placid JJ COMMA COMMA interested JJ way NN . . Mickie NNP laughed VBD . . `` `` He PRP recommended VBD both DT of IN them PRP for IN the DT DSM NNP and CC the DT Detroit NNP fellow NN for IN the DT Purple NNP Heart NNP COMMA COMMA too RB COMMA COMMA for IN a DT combat NN - HYPH inflicted VBN wound NN . . So CC you PRP see VBP Mr. NNP Christiansen NNP knows VBZ what WP it PRP 's VBZ all DT about IN . . But CC not RB Jeff NNP Lawrence NNP . . When WRB he PRP was VBD in IN the DT war NN COMMA COMMA he PRP was VBD in IN Law NN or CC Supplies NNS or CC something NN like IN that DT COMMA COMMA and CC an DT old JJ buddy NN of IN his PRP$ told VBD me PRP he PRP would MD come VB down RB on IN Sundays NNS to TO the DT Pentagon NNP and CC read VBN the DT citations NNS for IN medals NNS -- : just RB like IN the DT one NN we PRP sent VBD in RP for IN Trig NNP -- : and CC go VB away RB with IN a DT real JJ glow NN . . These DT were VBD heroes NNS nine CD feet NNS tall JJ to TO him PRP '' '' . . Jefferson NNP Lawrence NNP was VBD alone JJ at IN the DT small JJ COMMA COMMA perfectly RB appointed JJ table NN by IN the DT window NN looking VBG out RB over IN the DT river NN . . He PRP had VBD dinner NN and CC sat VBD there RB over IN his PRP$ coffee NN watching VBG the DT winding VBG pattern NN of IN traffic NN as IN it PRP crossed VBD the DT bridge NN and CC spread VBD out RP like IN a DT serpent NN with IN two CD heads NNS . . Beside IN him PRP was VBD Mrs. NNP Dalloway NNP . . He PRP thought VBD how WRB this DT dainty JJ COMMA COMMA fragile JJ older JJR woman NN threading VBG her PRP$ way NN through IN the DT streets NNS of IN Westminster NNP on IN a DT day NN in IN June NNP COMMA COMMA enjoying VBG the DT flowers NNS in IN the DT shops NNS COMMA COMMA the DT greetings NNS from IN old JJ friends NNS COMMA COMMA but CC never RB really RB drawing VBG a DT deep JJ COMMA COMMA passionate JJ breath NN COMMA COMMA was VBD so RB like IN himself PRP . . He PRP COMMA COMMA and CC Mrs. NNP Dalloway NNP COMMA COMMA too RB COMMA COMMA had VBD never RB permitted VBN themselves PRP the DT luxury NN of IN joys NNS that WDT dug VBD into IN the DT bone NN marrow NN of IN the DT spirit NN . . He PRP had VBD not RB because IN he PRP was VBD both CC poor JJ and CC ambitious JJ . . Poverty NN imposes VBZ a DT kind NN of IN chastity NN on IN the DT ambitious JJ . . They PRP can MD not RB stop VB to TO grasp VB and CC embrace VB and CC sit VB in IN the DT back NN seat NN of IN cars NNS along IN a DT dark JJ country NN lane NN . . No UH COMMA COMMA they PRP must MD look VB the DT other JJ way NN and CC climb VB one CD more JJR painful JJ step NN up IN the DT ladder NN . . He PRP made VBD the DT decision NN with IN his PRP$ eyes NNS open JJ COMMA COMMA or CC so RB he PRP thought VBD . . At IN any DT cost NN COMMA COMMA he PRP must MD leave VB the DT dreary JJ Pennsylvania NNP mining NN town NN where WRB his PRP$ father NN was VBD a DT pharmacist NN . . And CC so RB he PRP had VBD COMMA COMMA so RB he PRP had VBD . . At IN State NNP College NNP COMMA COMMA he PRP had VBD no DT time NN to TO walk VB among IN the DT violets NNS on IN the DT water NN 's POS edge NN . . From IN his PRP$ room NN he PRP could MD look VB out RB in IN springtime NN and CC see VB the DT couples NNS hand NN in IN hand NN walking VBG slowly RB COMMA COMMA deliciously RB COMMA COMMA across IN the DT campus NN COMMA COMMA and CC he PRP could MD smell VB the DT sweet JJ vernal JJ winds NNS . . He PRP was VBD not RB stone NN . . He PRP was VBD not RB unmoved JJ . . He PRP had VBD to TO teach VB himself PRP patiently RB that IN these DT traps NNS were VBD not RB for IN him PRP . . He PRP must MD mentally RB pull VB the DT blinds NNS and CC close VB the DT window NN COMMA COMMA so IN that IN all DT that WDT existed VBD was VBD in IN the DT books NNS before IN him PRP . . At IN law NN school NN COMMA COMMA the DT same JJ . . More JJR of IN this DT stamping NN down RP of IN human JJ emotion NN as IN a DT young JJ lawyer NN in IN New NNP York NNP . . By IN the DT time NN he PRP was VBD prosperous JJ enough RB -- : his PRP$ goals NNS were VBD high JJ -- : he PRP was VBD bald JJ and CC afraid JJ of IN women NNS . . The DT only JJ one CD who WP would MD have VB him PRP was VBD his PRP$ cripple NN COMMA COMMA the DT strange JJ unhappy JJ woman NN who WP became VBD his PRP$ wife NN . . Perhaps RB it PRP was VBD right JJ ; : perhaps RB it PRP was VBD just JJ . . He PRP had VBD dared VBN to TO defy VB nature NN COMMA COMMA to TO turn VB his PRP$ back NN to TO the DT Lorelei NNP COMMA COMMA and CC he PRP was VBD punished VBN . . Like IN Mrs. NNP Dalloway NNP COMMA COMMA with IN her PRP$ regrets NNS about IN Peter NNP Walsh NNP COMMA COMMA he PRP had VBD his PRP$ moments NNS of IN melancholy NN over IN a DT youth NN too RB well RB spent VBN . . If IN he PRP had VBD had VBN a DT son NN COMMA COMMA he PRP would MD tell VB him PRP COMMA COMMA `` `` Gather VB ye PRP rosebuds NNS while IN ye PRP may MD This DT same JJ flower NN that WDT smiles VBZ today RB tomorrow NN will MD be VB dying VBG '' '' . . But CC then RB his PRP$ son NN could MD afford VB it PRP . . Lawrence NNP was VBD waiting VBG for IN Bill NNP Boxell NNP . . The DT Vice NNP President NNP had VBD called VBN and CC asked VBN if IN he PRP could MD see VB the DT Secretary NNP at IN his PRP$ home NN . . He PRP said VBD the DT matter NN was VBD urgent JJ . . The DT Secretary NNP was VBD uneasy JJ about IN the DT visit NN . . He PRP did VBD not RB like IN Boxell NNP . . He PRP suspected VBD something NN underhanded JJ and CC furtive JJ about IN him PRP . . Lawrence NNP could MD not RB put VB his PRP$ finger NN on IN it PRP precisely RB COMMA COMMA and CC this DT worried VBD him PRP . . When WRB you PRP disliked VBD or CC distrusted VBD a DT man NN COMMA COMMA you PRP should MD have VB a DT reason NN . . Human JJ nature NN was VBD not RB a DT piece NN of IN meat NN you PRP could MD tell VB was VBD bad JJ by IN its PRP$ smell NN . . Lawrence NNP stared VBD a DT minute NN at IN the DT lighted JJ ribbon NN of IN traffic NN COMMA COMMA hoping VBG that IN a DT clue NN to TO his PRP$ dislike NN of IN the DT Vice NNP President NNP would MD appear VB . . It PRP did VBD not RB . . Therefore RB COMMA COMMA he PRP decided VBD he PRP was VBD unfair JJ to TO the DT young JJ man NN and CC should MD make VB an DT effort NN to TO understand VB and CC sympathize VB with IN his PRP$ point NN of IN view NN . . A DT half NN hour NN later RB the DT Vice NNP President NNP arrived VBD . . He PRP looked VBD very RB carefully RB at IN every DT piece NN of IN furnishing NN COMMA COMMA as IN though IN hoping VBG to TO store VB this DT information NN carefully RB in IN his PRP$ mind NN . . He PRP observed VBD the DT Florentine JJ vase NN in IN the DT hall NN COMMA COMMA the DT Renoir NNP painting NN in IN the DT library NN COMMA COMMA as RB well RB as IN the DT long JJ shelves NNS of IN well RB - HYPH bound VBN volumes NNS ; : the DT pattern NN of IN the DT Oriental JJ rug NN COMMA COMMA the DT delicate JJ cut-glass JJ chandelier NN . . He PRP said VBD to TO the DT Secretary NNP COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP understand VBP you PRP came VBD from IN a DT little JJ Pennsylvania NNP town NN near RB Wilkes-Barre NNP . . How WRB did VBD you PRP find VB out RP about IN this DT '' '' ? . He PRP waved VBD his PRP$ arm NN around RB at IN the DT furnishings NNS . . It PRP was VBD not RB a DT discourteous JJ question NN COMMA COMMA Lawrence NNP decided VBD . . This DT young JJ man NN had VBD so RB little JJ time NN to TO learn VB he PRP had VBD to TO be VB curious JJ ; : he PRP had VBD to TO find VB out RP . . The DT Secretary NNP did VBD not RB tell VB him PRP at IN what WDT cost NN COMMA COMMA at IN what WDT loneliness NN COMMA COMMA he PRP learned VBD these DT things NNS . . He PRP merely RB said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Any DT good JJ decorator NN these DT days NNS can MD make VB you PRP a DT tasteful JJ home NN '' '' . . The DT Vice NNP President NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` If IN you PRP hear VBP of IN any DT names NNS that WDT would MD fix VB me PRP cheap ADVP-MNR in IN return NN for IN advertising VBG they PRP decorated VBD the DT Vice NNP President NNP 's POS home NN COMMA COMMA let VB me PRP know VB . . I PRP can MD do VB business NN with IN that DT kind NN '' '' . . Again RB COMMA COMMA Lawrence NNP thought VBD a DT little JJ sadly RB COMMA COMMA these DT were VBD the DT fees NNS of IN poverty NN and CC ambition NN . . Boxell NNP did VBD not RB have VB the DT chance NN to TO grow VB up RP graciously RB . . He PRP had VBD to TO acquire VB everything NN he PRP was VBD going VBG to TO get VB in IN four CD years NNS . . They PRP had VBD brandy NN in IN the DT library NN . . Boxell NNP looked VBD at IN Lawrence NNP with IN a DT searching VBG glance NN COMMA COMMA the DT kind NN that WDT a DT prosecuting VBG attorney NN would MD give VB a DT man NN on IN trial NN . . What WP are VBP your PRP$ weaknesses NNS ? . Where WRB will MD you PRP break VB ? . How WRB best RBS to TO destroy VB your PRP$ peace NN ? . The DT Vice NNP President NNP said VBD with IN a DT slight JJ bluster NN COMMA COMMA `` `` There EX is VBZ n't RB anyone NN who WP loves VBZ the DT President NNP more RBR than IN I PRP do VBP . . Old JJ Chris NNP is VBZ my PRP$ ideal NN . . At IN the DT same JJ time NN COMMA COMMA you PRP have VBP to TO face VB facts NNS and CC realize VB that IN a DT man NN who WP 's VBZ been VBN in IN the DT Marine NNP Corps NNP all DT his PRP$ life NN does VBZ n't RB understand VB much JJ about IN politics NNS . . What WP does VBZ a DT monk NN know VB about IN sex NN '' '' ? . Lawrence NNP listened VBD with IN the DT practiced JJ COMMA COMMA deceptive JJ calm NN of IN the DT lawyer NN COMMA COMMA but CC his PRP$ face NN was VBD in IN the DT shadow NN . . `` `` So CC COMMA COMMA we PRP have VBP to TO protect VB the DT old JJ man NN for IN his PRP$ own JJ good NN . . You PRP see VBP what WP I PRP mean VBP . . Congress NNP is VBZ full JJ of IN politicians NNS COMMA COMMA and CC if IN you PRP want VBP to TO get VB along RP with IN them PRP COMMA COMMA you PRP have VBP to TO be VB politic JJ . . This DT is VBZ why WRB I PRP say VBP we PRP just RB ca MD n't RB go VB ahead RB and CC disarm VB the DT Germans NNPS and CC pull VB down RP our PRP$ own JJ defenses NNS . . Let VB me PRP tell VB you PRP what WP happened VBD to TO me PRP today NN . . A DT fellow NN came VBD up IN to TO me PRP COMMA COMMA a DT Senator NNP COMMA COMMA I PRP do VBP n't RB have VB to TO tell VB you PRP his PRP$ name NN COMMA COMMA and CC he PRP told VBD me PRP COMMA COMMA ' '' I PRP love VBP the DT President NNP like IN a DT brother NN COMMA COMMA but CC God NNP damn VB it PRP COMMA COMMA he PRP 's VBZ crucifying VBG me PRP . . I PRP 've VBP got VBD a DT quarter NN of IN a DT million CD Germans NNPS in IN my PRP$ state NN COMMA COMMA and CC those DT krautheads NNS tune VBP in RP on IN Father NNP Werther NNP every DT night NN COMMA COMMA and CC if IN he PRP tells VBZ them PRP to TO go VB out RB and CC piss VB in IN the DT public JJ square NN COMMA COMMA that DT 's VBZ what WP they PRP do VBP . . He PRP 's VBZ telling VBG them PRP now RB to TO write VB letters NNS to TO their PRP$ Congressmen NNPS opposing VBG the DT disarmament NN of IN Germany NNP . . And CC another DT one CD comes VBZ to TO me PRP and CC he PRP says VBZ COMMA COMMA ' '' Look VB here RB COMMA COMMA there EX 's VBZ a DT mill NN in IN my PRP$ state NN employs VBZ five CD thousand CD people NNS making VBG uniforms NNS for IN the DT Navy NNP . . There EX were VBD thirty-eight CD patients NNS on IN the DT bus NN the DT morning NN I PRP left VBD for IN Hanover NNP COMMA COMMA most JJS of IN them PRP disturbed JJ and CC hallucinating VBG . . An DT interne NN COMMA COMMA a DT nurse NN and CC two CD attendants NNS were VBD in IN charge NN of IN us PRP . . I PRP felt VBD lonely JJ and CC depressed JJ as IN I PRP stared VBD out IN the DT bus NN window NN at IN Chicago NNP 's POS grim JJ COMMA COMMA dirty JJ West NNP Side NNP . . It PRP seemed VBD incredible JJ COMMA COMMA as IN I PRP listened VBD to TO the DT monotonous JJ drone NN of IN voices NNS and CC smelled VBD the DT fetid JJ odors NNS coming VBG from IN the DT patients NNS COMMA COMMA that IN technically RB I PRP was VBD a DT ward NN of IN the DT state NN of IN Illinois NNP COMMA COMMA going VBG to TO a DT hospital NN for IN the DT mentally RB ill JJ . . I PRP suddenly RB thought VBD of IN Mary NNP Jane NNP Brennan NNP COMMA COMMA the DT way NN her PRP$ pretty JJ eyes NNS could MD flash VB with IN anger NN COMMA COMMA her PRP$ quiet JJ competence NN COMMA COMMA the DT gentleness NN and CC sweetness NN that WP lay VBD just RB beneath IN the DT surface NN of IN her PRP$ defenses NNS . . We PRP had VBD become VBN good JJ friends NNS during IN my PRP$ stay NN at IN Cook NNP County NNP Hospital NNP . . I PRP had VBD told VBN her PRP enough JJ about IN myself PRP to TO offset VB somewhat RB the DT damaging VBG stories NNS that WDT had VBD appeared VBN in IN local JJ newspapers NNS after IN my PRP$ little JJ adventure NN in IN Marshall NNP Field NNP & CC Co. NNP . . She PRP knew VBD that IN I PRP lived VBD at IN a DT good JJ address NN on IN the DT Gold NNP Coast NNP COMMA COMMA that IN I PRP had VBD once RB been VBN a DT medical JJ student NN and CC was VBD thinking VBG of IN returning VBG to TO the DT university NN to TO finish VB my PRP$ medical JJ studies NNS . . She PRP knew VBD also RB that IN I PRP was VBD unmarried JJ and CC without IN a DT single JJ known VBN relative NN . . She PRP was VBD n't RB quite RB sure JJ that IN I PRP felt VBD enough JJ remorse NN about IN my PRP$ drinking NN COMMA COMMA or CC that IN I PRP would MD not RB return VB to TO it PRP once IN I PRP was VBD out RB and CC on IN my PRP$ own JJ again RB . . This DT had VBD worried VBN her PRP . . `` `` I PRP read VBD those DT newspaper NN stories NNS about IN you PRP '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP had VBD said VBD . . `` `` You PRP must MD have VB loved VBN that DT girl NN very RB much RB COMMA COMMA but CC you PRP could MD n't RB have VB meant VBN it PRP when WRB you PRP said VBD that IN you PRP wanted VBD to TO kill VB her PRP '' '' . . `` `` Why WRB do VBP you PRP say VB that DT '' '' ? . I PRP asked VBD . . `` `` I PRP was VBD full JJ of IN booze NN and CC COMMA COMMA well UH COMMA COMMA a DT drunk NN is VBZ apt JJ to TO do VB anything NN he PRP says VBZ he PRP 'll MD do VB '' '' . . Nonsense NN ! . I PRP grew VBD up RP in IN an DT Irish JJ neighborhood NN on IN Chicago NNP 's POS West NNP Side NNP . . Do VB n't RB tell VB me PRP about IN drunks NNS . . You PRP 're VBP not RB the DT kind NN to TO go VB violent JJ . . Were VBD you PRP in IN love NN with IN that DT girl NN '' '' ? . `` `` Would MD it PRP make VB any DT difference NN to TO you PRP if IN I PRP were VBD COMMA COMMA Mary NNP Jane NNP '' '' ? . She PRP met VBD my PRP$ eyes NNS COMMA COMMA suddenly RB angry JJ . . `` `` I PRP would MD n't RB have VB gone VBN into IN nursing NN if IN I PRP did VBD n't RB care VB about IN people NNS . . I PRP 'm VBP interested JJ in IN every DT patient NN I PRP 've VB helped VBN take VB care NN of IN . . When WRB I PRP think VB of IN people NNS like IN you PRP COMMA COMMA well UH COMMA COMMA I PRP '' '' -- : `` `` You PRP what WP COMMA COMMA Mary NNP Jane NNP '' '' ? . `` `` You PRP are VBP young JJ COMMA COMMA intelligent JJ COMMA COMMA have VB a DT whole JJ lifetime NN before IN you PRP to TO make VB something NN worth JJ while JJ of IN yourself PRP COMMA COMMA but CC you PRP mess VBP it PRP up RP with IN whiskey NN COMMA COMMA indifference NN COMMA COMMA self NN - HYPH destructive JJ attitudes NNS . . I PRP do VBP n't RB blame VB that DT girl NN for IN breaking VBG her PRP$ engagement NN with IN you PRP . . Was VBD she PRP pretty JJ '' '' ? . `` `` Oh UH COMMA COMMA yes UH '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA feeling VBG annoyed JJ COMMA COMMA `` `` she PRP was VBD very RB pretty JJ . . You PRP do VBP n't RB believe VB that IN I PRP 'm VBP going VBG back RB to TO medical JJ school NN and CC finish VB COMMA COMMA do VBP you PRP '' '' ? . `` `` Why WRB should MD I PRP ? . I PRP 've VBP worked VBN this DT ward NN for IN three CD months NNS now RB . . We PRP keep VBP getting VBG the DT same JJ ones NNS back RP again RB and CC again RB . . They PRP all DT mean VBP well RB COMMA COMMA have VBP great JJ promises NNS to TO make VB when WRB they PRP are VBP about JJ to TO go VB home RB COMMA COMMA but CC drinking NN is VBZ their PRP$ sickness NN . . You PRP 've VBP not RB seemed VBD like IN them PRP COMMA COMMA but CC maybe RB you PRP are VBP . . You PRP 've VBP treated VBN your PRP$ stay NN here RB like IN a DT big JJ joke NN . . It PRP 's VBZ not RB a DT joke NN to TO be VB sent VBN to TO a DT place NN like IN this DT or CC to TO Hanover NNP . . I PRP wanted VBD to TO go VB to TO college NN COMMA COMMA too RB '' '' -- : `` `` Why WRB did VBD n't RB you PRP '' '' ? . I PRP asked VBD . . `` `` Chicago NNP has VBZ some DT of IN the DT best JJS '' '' -- : Her PRP$ eyes NNS flashed VBD angrily RB . . `` `` That DT 's VBZ what WP I PRP mean VBP about IN you PRP COMMA COMMA Anderson NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD . . `` `` You PRP do VBP n't RB seem VB to TO know VB much JJ about IN reality NN . . I PRP 'll MD tell VB you PRP why WRB I PRP did VBD n't RB go VB to TO college NN ; : I PRP 'm VBP the DT oldest JJS of IN six CD children NNS . . My PRP$ father NN 's VBZ a DT policeman NN and CC makes VBZ less JJR than IN seven CD thousand CD dollars NNS a DT year NN . . There EX was VBD no DT money NN for IN tuition NN COMMA COMMA for IN clothes NNS COMMA COMMA for IN all PDT the DT things NNS you PRP apparently RB take VBP for IN granted VBN . . Nurses NNS ' POS training NN here RB does VBZ n't RB cost VB anything NN . . They PRP even RB pay VBP me PRP six CD dollars NNS a DT month NN . . I PRP think VBP it PRP 's VBZ a DT good JJ deal NN . . I PRP 'm VBP going VBG to TO become VB a DT good JJ nurse NN COMMA COMMA and CC I PRP 've VBP got VBD two CD baby NN brothers NNS that WDT are VBP going VBG to TO have VB college NN if IN I PRP have VBP to TO work VB at IN my PRP$ profession NN until IN I PRP 'm VBP an DT old JJ maid NN to TO give VB it PRP to TO them PRP '' '' . . `` `` Do VBP you PRP have VB a DT boy NN friend NN '' '' ? . I PRP asked VBD . . `` `` That DT 's VBZ none NN of IN your PRP$ business NN '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA then RB changed VBD the DT subject NN . . `` `` What WP about IN your PRP$ father NN and CC mother NN COMMA COMMA do VBP n't RB you PRP think VB of IN them PRP when WRB you PRP 're VBP in IN a DT place NN like IN this DT '' '' ? . `` `` My PRP$ father NN and CC mother NN died VBD when WRB I PRP was VBD two CD years NNS old JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD . . `` `` My PRP$ aunt NN raised VBD me PRP . . Aunt NNP Mary NNP died VBD when WRB I PRP was VBD doing VBG my PRP$ military JJ service NN . . I PRP have VBP no DT one NN but IN myself PRP to TO worry VB about IN '' '' . . Something NN in IN my PRP$ voice NN must MD have VB touched VBN her PRP deeply RB because IN her PRP$ anger NN passed VBD quickly RB COMMA COMMA and CC she PRP turned VBD away RB to TO keep VB me PRP from IN seeing VBG her PRP$ face NN . . `` `` I PRP 'm VBP sorry JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD . . `` `` I PRP do VBP n't RB know VB what WP I PRP 'd MD do VB without IN my PRP$ family NN . . We PRP 've VBP always RB been VBN so RB close JJ '' '' . . `` `` Tell VB me PRP more JJR about IN them PRP '' '' . . Her PRP$ eyes NNS became VBD bright JJ as IN she PRP talked VBD about IN her PRP$ father NN and CC mother NN COMMA COMMA aunts NNS and CC uncles NNS COMMA COMMA cousins NNS . . Listening VBG COMMA COMMA I PRP felt VBD cheated JJ and CC lonely JJ as IN only RB an DT orphan NN can MD . . When WRB she PRP had VBD finished VBN I PRP said VBD : : `` `` Your PRP$ dad NN sounds VBZ like IN a DT good JJ father NN and CC a DT good JJ policeman NN . . I PRP 'll MD bet VB he PRP would MD n't RB be VB pleased VBN if IN a DT rumdum NN like IN me PRP were VBD to TO ask VB his PRP$ daughter NN for IN a DT date NN -- : I PRP mean VBP COMMA COMMA after IN I PRP 'm VBP out IN of IN the DT hospital NN COMMA COMMA a DT month NN or CC so RB from IN now RB '' '' . . `` `` My PRP$ father NN is VBZ a DT sergeant NN of IN detectives NNS and CC has VBZ been VBN attached VBN to TO Homicide NN for IN five CD years NNS . . He PRP 's VBZ a DT pretty RB good JJ judge NN of IN character NN COMMA COMMA Anderson NNP . . I PRP do VBP n't RB think VB he PRP 'd MD mind VB too RB much RB if IN he PRP were VBD sure JJ you PRP 'd MD decided VBD not RB to TO be VB a DT rumdum NN in IN the DT future NN '' '' . . `` `` What WP about IN you PRP ? . How WRB would MD you PRP feel VB about IN it PRP if IN I PRP were VBD to TO ask VB you PRP for IN a DT date NN when WRB I PRP get VBP through RB at IN Hanover NNP '' '' ? . `` `` If IN I PRP thought VBD you PRP were VBD serious JJ about IN going VBG back RB to TO school NN COMMA COMMA that IN you PRP 'd MD learned VBD something NN from IN your PRP$ experiences NNS here RB and CC at IN Hanover NNP -- : well UH COMMA COMMA I PRP might MD consider VB such PDT an DT offer NN . . What WP about IN your PRP$ that DT girl NN you PRP were VBD going VBG to TO kill VB '' '' ? . It PRP suddenly RB seemed VBD very RB important JJ to TO me PRP that IN Mary NNP Jane NNP Brennan NNP should MD know VB the DT truth NN about IN me PRP -- : that IN I PRP was VBD not RB the DT confused JJ COMMA COMMA sick JJ COMMA COMMA irresponsible JJ person NN she PRP believed VBD me PRP to TO be VB . . `` `` There EX are VBP things NNS about IN me PRP that WDT I PRP can MD n't RB tell VB you PRP now RB COMMA COMMA Mary NNP Jane NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` but CC if IN you PRP 'll MD go VB out IN to TO dinner NN with IN me PRP when WRB I PRP get VBP out IN of IN Hanover NNP COMMA COMMA I PRP 'd MD like VB to TO tell VB you PRP the DT whole JJ story NN . . I PRP can MD say VB this DT : : I PRP 'm VBP dead RB serious JJ about IN going VBG back RB to TO school NN . . As IN for IN that DT other JJ girl NN COMMA COMMA let VB 's PRP just RB say VB that IN I PRP never RB want VB to TO see VB her PRP again RB . . You PRP will MD get VB to TO come VB home RB on IN long JJ weekends NNS from IN Hanover NNP COMMA COMMA wo MD n't RB you PRP '' '' ? . `` `` Yes UH COMMA COMMA I PRP 'll MD get VB one CD overnight NN a DT month NN '' '' . . `` `` We PRP 'll MD go VB up IN to TO the DT Edgewater NNP Beach NNP Hotel NNP for IN dinner NN '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD . . `` `` Do VBP you PRP like VB to TO dance VB ? . They PRP always RB have VBP a DT good JJ orchestra NN '' '' . . `` `` I PRP like VBP to TO dance VB '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA then RB turned VBD and CC walked VBD away RB . . There EX had VBD n't RB been VBN anything NN really RB personal JJ in IN her PRP$ interest NN in IN me PRP . . I PRP knew VBD that DT . . It PRP was VBD just RB that IN she PRP felt VBD deeply RB about IN every DT patient NN on IN the DT ward NN and CC wanted VBD to TO believe VB that IN they PRP might MD benefit VB from IN their PRP$ treatment NN there RB . . Now RB COMMA COMMA riding VBG this DT hospital NN bus NN COMMA COMMA feeling VBG isolated JJ and CC utterly RB alone JJ COMMA COMMA I PRP knew VBD that IN she PRP was VBD genuine JJ and CC unique JJ COMMA COMMA quite RB unlike IN any DT girl NN I PRP had VBD known VBN before RB . . It PRP seemed VBD the DT most RBS important JJ thing NN in IN my PRP$ life NN at IN this DT moment NN that IN she PRP should MD know VB the DT real JJ truth NN about IN me PRP . . It PRP was VBD a DT fantastic JJ story NN . . Only RB two CD people NNS in IN the DT state NN of IN Illinois NNP knew VBD that IN I PRP was VBD entering VBG Hanover NNP State NNP Hospital NNP under IN an DT assumed JJ name NN COMMA COMMA or CC why WRB . . It PRP was VBD unlikely JJ that IN any DT girl NN as RB sharp JJ as IN Mary NNP Jane NNP Brennan NNP would MD believe VB it PRP without IN proof NN . . But CC I PRP had VBD the DT proof NN COMMA COMMA all RB documented VBN in IN a DT legal JJ agreement NN which WDT I PRP would MD show VB her PRP the DT moment NN I PRP was VBD free JJ to TO do VB so RB . . As IN the DT bus NN turned VBD into IN the DT main JJ highway NN and CC headed VBD toward IN Hanover NNP I PRP settled VBD back RB in IN my PRP$ seat NN and CC closed VBD my PRP$ eyes NNS COMMA COMMA thinking VBG over RP the DT events NNS of IN the DT past JJ two CD weeks NNS COMMA COMMA trying VBG to TO put VB the DT pieces NNS in IN order NN . . I PRP wondered VBD suddenly RB as IN I PRP listened VBD to TO the DT disconnected JJ jabberings NNS coming VBG from IN the DT patient NN behind IN me PRP COMMA COMMA if IN I PRP had VBD not RB perhaps RB imagined VBN it PRP all DT . . Perhaps RB this DT was VBD reality NN and CC Dale NNP Nelson NNP COMMA COMMA the DT actor NN COMMA COMMA was VBD delusion NN ; : a DT figment NN of IN Carl NNP Anderson NNP 's POS imagination NN . . Four CD I PRP had VBD come VBN to TO Chicago NNP from IN New NNP York NNP early RB in IN September NNP with IN a DT dramatic JJ production NN called VBN Ask VB Tony NNP . . It PRP was VBD a DT bad JJ play NN COMMA COMMA real JJ grade NN - HYPH A NN turkey NN COMMA COMMA which WDT only RB a DT prevalence NN of IN angels NNS with IN grandiose JJ dreams NNS of IN capital NN gain NN and CC tax NN money NN to TO burn VB could MD have VB put VBN into IN rehearsal NN . . No DT one NN COMMA COMMA not RB even RB the DT producer NN COMMA COMMA had VBD any DT real JJ hope NN of IN getting VBG it PRP back RB to TO Broadway NNP . . But CC because IN it PRP was VBD a DT suspense NN gangster NN story NN of IN the DT Capone NNP era NN COMMA COMMA many JJ of IN us PRP felt VBD that IN it PRP might MD catch VB on RP for IN a DT run NN in IN Chicago NNP COMMA COMMA continue VB as IN a DT road NN company NN COMMA COMMA and CC eventually RB become VB a DT movie NN . . Such JJ optimism NN was VBD completely RB unjustified JJ . . The DT critics NNS literally RB screamed VBD their PRP$ indignation NN . . Ask VB Tony NNP was VBD doomed VBN from IN the DT moment NN Kupcinet NNP leveled VBD on IN it PRP in IN his PRP$ Sun-Times NNP column NN . . We PRP opened VBD on IN Friday NNP and CC closed VBD the DT following VBG Monday NNP . . Out IN of IN the DT entire JJ cast NN I PRP alone RB received VBD good JJ notices NNS for IN my PRP$ portrayal NN of IN a DT psychopathic JJ killer NN . . This DT let VBD me PRP in RP for IN a DT lot NN of IN kidding NN from IN the DT rest NN of IN the DT company NN COMMA COMMA two CD members NNS of IN which WDT were VBD native JJ Chicagoans NNS . . We PRP were VBD paid VBN off RP Tuesday NNP morning NN and CC given VBN tickets NNS back RB to TO New NNP York NNP . . I PRP felt VBD lonely JJ and CC depressed JJ as IN I PRP packed VBD my PRP$ bags NNS at IN the DT Croydon NNP Hotel NNP . . It PRP seemed VBD to TO me PRP that IN my PRP$ life NN was VBD destined VBN to TO be VB one CD brilliant JJ failure NN after IN another DT . . I PRP had VBD been VBN among IN the DT top JJ third JJ in IN my PRP$ class NN at IN N.Y.U. NNP COMMA COMMA had VBD wanted VBN desperately RB to TO go VB to TO medical JJ school NN COMMA COMMA but CC I PRP 'd MD run VB out IN of IN money NN and CC energy NN at IN the DT same JJ time NN . . Then RB later RB I PRP had VBD quit VBN my PRP$ safe JJ COMMA COMMA secure JJ five CD - HYPH a DT - HYPH week NN spot NN on IN a DT network NN soap NN opera NN to TO take VB a DT part NN in IN this DT play NN . . It PRP seemed VBD to TO me PRP that IN I PRP was VBD not RB only RB unlucky JJ but CC quite RB stupid JJ as RB well RB . . I PRP knew VBD that IN I PRP 'd MD soon RB be VB back RB working VBG as IN an DT orderly NN at IN the DT hospital NN or CC as IN a DT counterman NN at IN Union NNP News NNP or CC Schraffts NNP while IN waiting VBG for IN another DT acting NN job NN to TO open VB . . It PRP suddenly RB occurred VBD to TO me PRP that IN I PRP did VBD not RB particularly RB like VB acting NN COMMA COMMA that IN I PRP was VBD at IN some DT sort NN of IN crossroads NNS and CC would MD have VB to TO decide VB soon RB what WP I PRP was VBD going VBG to TO do VB with IN my PRP$ life NN . . I PRP closed VBD the DT last JJ bag NN and CC stood VBD all DT three CD at IN the DT door NN for IN the DT bellboy NN to TO pick VB up IN COMMA COMMA then RB went VBD to TO the DT bathroom NN for IN a DT drink NN of IN water NN . . The DT telephone NN rang VBD . . When WRB I PRP answered VBD it PRP a DT voice NN too RB dignified JJ and CC British JJ to TO be VB real JJ said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Is VBZ this DT Mr. NNP Dale NNP Nelson NNP COMMA COMMA the DT actor NN '' '' ? . `` `` All RB right RB '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD . . `` `` Why WRB do VBP n't RB you PRP bastards NNS lay VB off RP for IN a DT while NN '' '' ? . `` `` I PRP beg VBP your PRP$ pardon NN COMMA COMMA sir NN '' '' ? . `` `` All RB right RB . . This DT is VBZ Dale NNP Nelson NNP the DT actor NN '' '' . . `` `` Good JJ . . I PRP 'm VBP calling VBG you PRP COMMA COMMA Mr. NNP Nelson NNP COMMA COMMA at IN the DT request NN of IN Mr. NNP Phillip NNP Wycoff NNP . . Could MD you PRP possibly RB have VB lunch NN with IN him PRP today NN ? . His PRP$ car NN could MD pick VB you PRP up RP at IN your PRP$ hotel NN at IN twelve CD '' '' . . I PRP smiled VBD . . `` `` You PRP 'll MD send VB the DT Rolls-Royce NNP COMMA COMMA of IN course NN '' '' ? . `` `` Yes UH COMMA COMMA of IN course NN COMMA COMMA Mr. NNP Nelson NNP '' '' . . I PRP started VBD to TO say VB something NN else RB appropriate JJ COMMA COMMA but CC the DT man NN had VBD hung VBN up RP . . I PRP finally RB went VBD downstairs RB to TO the DT bar NN off IN the DT main JJ lobby NN where WRB most JJS of IN the DT cast NN were VBD drowning VBG their PRP$ sorrows NNS over IN the DT untimely JJ passing NN of IN Ask VB Tony NNP . . They PRP all DT bowed VBD low RB as IN I PRP approached VBD them PRP . . `` `` All RB right RB COMMA COMMA you PRP bastards NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` the DT great JJ actor NN is VBZ about JJ to TO buy VB a DT drink NN '' '' . . I PRP laid VBD a DT tenspot NN on IN the DT bar NN and CC motioned VBD to TO the DT bartender NN to TO serve VB a DT round NN . . He PRP had VBD just RB returned VBN my PRP$ change NN when WRB the DT doorman NN came VBD in RB off IN the DT street NN to TO page VB me PRP . . I PRP walked VBD over RB to TO him PRP . . `` `` You PRP Mr. NNP Nelson NNP '' '' ? . He PRP asked VBD . . `` `` That DT 's VBZ right JJ '' '' . . `` `` Mr. NNP Wycoff NNP 's POS car NN is VBZ waiting VBG for IN you PRP at IN the DT east JJ entrance NN '' '' . . I PRP followed VBD him PRP out RB through IN the DT lobby NN to TO the DT street NN . . An DT ancient JJ Rolls-Royce NNP COMMA COMMA as RB shiningly RB impressive JJ as IN the DT day NN it PRP came VBD off IN the DT ship NN COMMA COMMA was VBD parked VBN at IN the DT curb NN . . The DT elderly JJ chauffeur NN COMMA COMMA immaculate JJ in IN a DT dark JJ uniform NN COMMA COMMA stood VBD stiffly RB at IN attention NN holding VBG open JJ the DT door NN of IN the DT town NN car NN . . I PRP was VBD giving VBG the DT parked VBN cars NNS the DT once-over NN . . The DT Oldsmobile NNP with IN the DT license NN number NN JYJ NN 114 CD was VBD in IN stall NN number NN five CD . . `` `` Okay UH '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD to TO the DT attendant NN COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP 'll MD let VB you PRP know VB if IN I PRP close VBP the DT deal NN on IN the DT office NN in IN this DT building NN '' '' . . I PRP walked VBD with IN him PRP back RB to TO the DT entrance NN . . He PRP gave VBD me PRP a DT ticket NN on IN the DT agency NN car NN and CC parked VBD it PRP . . I PRP was VBD back RB in IN ten CD minutes NNS . . `` `` Forgot VBD to TO get VB something NN out IN of IN the DT car NN '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP told VBD him PRP COMMA COMMA showing VBG him PRP my PRP$ ticket NN . . He PRP started VBD to TO say VB something NN as IN I PRP walked VBD in RB and CC then RB suddenly RB grinned VBD and CC said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Oh UH COMMA COMMA yes UH . . You PRP 're VBP the DT one CD I PRP was VBD talking VBG to TO about IN a DT monthly JJ rental NN . . `` `` That DT 's VBZ right JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP told VBD him PRP . . He PRP consulted VBD the DT parking NN ticket NN COMMA COMMA then RB looked VBD at IN a DT notation NN and CC said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` You PRP 're VBP in IN the DT third JJ row NN back RB toward IN the DT rear NN . . Can MD you PRP find VB it PRP all RB right RB '' '' ? . `` `` Sure UH '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP told VBD him PRP . . I PRP went VBD back RB to TO the DT agency NN car NN and CC got VBD out RP an DT electric JJ bug NN COMMA COMMA one CD of IN the DT newest JJS devices NNS for IN electronic JJ shadowing NN . . I PRP always RB keep VBP a DT set NN in IN the DT car NN . . I PRP put VBD in RP new JJ batteries NNS so IN as IN to TO be VB certain JJ I PRP 'd MD have VB plenty NN of IN power NN and CC on IN my PRP$ way NN out RB walked VBD over IN to TO the DT regular JJ parking NN stalls NNS and CC stood VBD looking VBG at IN them PRP thoughtfully RB . . I PRP waited VBD until IN the DT parking NN attendant NN was VBD busy JJ with IN a DT customer NN COMMA COMMA then RB slipped VBD around IN the DT back NN of IN the DT car NN with IN license NN number NN JYM NN 114 CD COMMA COMMA attached VBD the DT electronic JJ bug NN to TO the DT rear JJ bumper NN and CC walked VBD out RB . . The DT attendant NN waved VBD me PRP on RP . . One CD of IN the DT hardest JJS chores NNS a DT detective NN has VBZ is VBZ hanging VBG around RB on IN a DT city NN street NN COMMA COMMA trying VBG to TO make VB himself PRP inconspicuous JJ COMMA COMMA keeping VBG an DT eye NN on IN the DT entrance NN of IN an DT office NN building NN and CC waiting VBG . . For IN the DT first JJ fifteen CD or CC twenty CD minutes NNS it PRP 's VBZ possible JJ to TO be VB more RBR or CC less RBR interested JJ in IN window NN displays NNS COMMA COMMA then RB in IN people NNS passing VBG by RB . . After IN a DT while NN COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA a DT person NN 's POS mind NN gets VBZ fed JJ up RP and CC that DT magnifies VBZ all DT of IN the DT disagreeable JJ physical JJ symptoms NNS which WDT go VBP with IN that DT sort NN of IN an DT assignment NN . . You PRP want VBP to TO sit VB down RP . . Your PRP$ leg NN muscles NNS and CC back NN muscles NNS feel VBP weary JJ . . You PRP 're VBP conscious JJ of IN the DT fact NN that IN your PRP$ feet NNS hurt VBP COMMA COMMA that IN the DT city NN pavements NNS are VBP hard JJ . . I PRP waited VBD a DT solid JJ two CD hours NNS before IN my PRP$ man NN came VBD out IN of IN the DT office NN building NN . . He PRP came VBD out RB alone RB . . I PRP was VBD n't RB far RB behind IN him PRP when WRB he PRP entered VBD the DT parking NN lot NN and CC hurried VBD over RB to TO his PRP$ car NN . . The DT attendant NN recognized VBD me PRP once RB more RBR and CC said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` What WP did VBD you PRP do VB about IN that DT office NN '' '' ? . `` `` I PRP have VBP n't RB made VBN up RP my PRP$ mind NN yet RB '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD . . `` `` It PRP 's VBZ a DT sublease NN . . I PRP have VBP a DT couple NN of IN them PRP I PRP 'm VBP figuring VBG on IN ; : one NN here RB and CC one NN that WDT 's VBZ out RB quite PDT a DT ways NNS where WRB there EX 's VBZ usually RB curb NN parking NN '' '' . . `` `` That DT curb NN parking NN is VBZ undependable JJ and CC annoying JJ COMMA COMMA particularly RB when WRB it PRP rains VBZ '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . I PRP kept VBD trying VBG to TO get VB him PRP to TO take VB my PRP$ money NN . . `` `` Okay UH '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP told VBD him PRP . . `` `` I PRP 'm VBP in IN a DT rush NN right RB now RB . . I PRP know VBP where WRB the DT car NN is VBZ . . Want VB me PRP to TO drive VB it PRP out RB '' '' ? . `` `` I PRP 'll MD have VB one NN of IN the DT boys NNS get VB it PRP '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . `` `` It PRP 's VBZ one CD of IN the DT rules NNS on IN transients NNS . . Regulars NNS drive VBP out RB their PRP$ own JJ cars NNS '' '' . . `` `` Make VB it PRP as RB snappy JJ as IN you PRP can MD COMMA COMMA will MD you PRP '' '' ? . I PRP asked VBD . . `` `` Oh UH COMMA COMMA that DT 's VBZ all RB right JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . `` `` You PRP 're VBP going VBG to TO be VB a DT regular NN . . You PRP 'll MD get VB in IN the DT office NN building NN here RB . . You PRP do VBP n't RB want VB to TO lease VB a DT place NN way RB out IN in IN the DT sticks NNS . . You PRP get VBP business NN where WRB the DT business NN is VBZ COMMA COMMA not RB where WRB it PRP is VBZ n't RB '' '' . . I PRP grinned VBD at IN him PRP COMMA COMMA handed VBD him PRP a DT couple NN of IN dollars NNS and CC said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` By IN the DT time NN you PRP get VBP the DT parking NN charge NN figured VBN up RP COMMA COMMA there EX should MD be VB a DT cigar NN in IN it PRP for IN you PRP '' '' . . I PRP hurried VBD over RB to TO the DT agency NN heap NN COMMA COMMA jumped VBD in RB COMMA COMMA started VBD the DT motor NN and CC was VBD just RB in IN time NN to TO see VB the DT car NN I PRP wanted VBD to TO shadow VB turn VB to TO the DT left NN . . I PRP was VBD held VBN up RP a DT bit NN trying VBG to TO make VB a DT left JJ turn NN . . By IN the DT time NN I PRP 'd MD made VBN it PRP he PRP was VBD gone VBN . . Traffic NN was VBD pretty RB heavy JJ . . I PRP turned VBD on RP the DT electric JJ bug NN COMMA COMMA and CC the DT signal NN came VBD in RB loud JJ and CC clear JJ . . I PRP made VBD time NN and CC picked VBD him PRP up RP within IN ten CD blocks NNS . . I PRP stayed VBD half PDT a DT block NN behind IN him PRP COMMA COMMA letting VBG lots NNS of IN cars NNS keep VB in IN between IN us PRP COMMA COMMA listening VBG to TO the DT steady JJ beep NN beep NN beep NN . . After IN fifteen CD minutes NNS of IN traffic NN driving NN he PRP turned VBD to TO the DT left NN . . I PRP could MD n't RB see VB him PRP COMMA COMMA but CC the DT electric JJ bugging NN device NN gave VBD steady JJ beeps NNS when WRB it PRP was VBD straight RB ahead RB COMMA COMMA short JJ half JJ beeps NNS when WRB the DT car NN I PRP was VBD following VBG was VBD to TO the DT left NN COMMA COMMA and CC long JJ drawn-out JJ beeps NNS when WRB it PRP turned VBD to TO the DT right NN . . If IN it PRP ever RB got VBD behind IN me PRP COMMA COMMA the DT beep NN turned VBD to TO a DT buzz NN . . I PRP turned VBD left RB too RB soon RB and CC got VBD a DT signal NN showing VBG that IN I PRP was VBD still RB behind IN him PRP but CC he PRP was VBD to TO the DT right NN . . After IN a DT while NN the DT signal NN became VBD a DT buzz NN and CC I PRP knew VBD he PRP was VBD behind IN me PRP . . That DT meant VBD he PRP 'd VBD parked VBN someplace RB . . I PRP made VBD a DT big JJ circle NN until IN I PRP located VBD the DT car NN parked VBN at IN the DT curb NN in IN front NN of IN an DT apartment NN house NN . . I PRP found VBD a DT parking NN place NN half PDT a DT block NN away RB COMMA COMMA sat VBD in IN the DT car NN and CC waited VBD . . My PRP$ quarry NN was VBD in IN the DT apartment NN house NN for IN two CD hours NNS . . Then RB he PRP came VBD out RB and CC started VBD driving VBG toward IN the DT beach NN . . By IN this DT time NN it PRP was VBD dark JJ . . I PRP could MD get VB up RB close RB to TO him PRP where WRB there EX was VBD traffic NN but CC had VBD to TO drop VB far RB behind RB when WRB there EX was VBD n't RB traffic NN . . My PRP$ lights NNS would MD have VB been VBN a DT giveaway NN if IN I PRP 'd MD tried VBN to TO shadow VB him PRP in IN the DT conventional JJ manner NN . . Moreover RB COMMA COMMA I PRP 'd MD have VB lost VBN him PRP if IN it PRP had VBD n't RB been VBN for IN the DT electronic JJ shadowing NN device NN . . His PRP$ signal NN was VBD coming VBG loud JJ and CC clear JJ and CC then RB all DT of IN a DT sudden JJ it PRP turned VBD to TO a DT buzz NN . . I PRP circled VBD the DT block NN and CC found VBD he PRP was VBD in IN the DT parking NN lot NN of IN a DT high-class JJ restaurant NN . . I PRP sat VBD where WRB I PRP could MD watch VB the DT exit NN and CC realized VBD I PRP was VBD hungry JJ . . I PRP sat VBD there RB with IN the DT faint JJ odor NN of IN charcoal NN - HYPH broiled VBN steaks NNS tantalizing VBG my PRP$ nostrils NNS and CC occasionally RB catching VBG the DT aroma NN of IN coffee NN . . My PRP$ man NN came VBD out RB an DT hour NN later RB COMMA COMMA drove VBD to TO the DT beach NN COMMA COMMA turned VBD right RB and CC after IN half PDT a DT mile NN went VBD to TO the DT Swim NNP and CC Tan NNP Motel NNP . . It PRP was VBD a DT fairly RB modern JJ motel NN with IN quite PDT a DT bit NN of IN electrical JJ display NN in IN front NN . . I PRP remembered VBD it PRP was VBD the DT Peeping NNP Tom NNP place NN . . I PRP waited VBD until IN my PRP$ man NN was VBD coming VBG out IN of IN the DT office NN with IN the DT key NN to TO a DT cabin NN before IN I PRP went VBD in RB to TO register VB . . The DT card NN the DT man NN I PRP was VBD shadowing VBG had VBD filled VBN out RP was VBD still RB on IN the DT counter NN . . I PRP noticed VBD that IN he PRP was VBD in IN Unit NN 12 CD and CC that IN he PRP had VBD registered VBN under IN the DT name NN of IN Oscar NNP L. NNP Palmer NNP and CC wife NN COMMA COMMA giving VBG a DT San NNP Francisco NNP address NN . . He PRP had VBD written VBN out RP the DT license NN number NN of IN his PRP$ car NN but CC had VBD transposed VBN the DT last JJ two CD figures NNS COMMA COMMA an DT old JJ dodge NN which WDT is VBZ still RB good JJ . . Ninety-nine CD times NNS out IN of IN a DT hundred CD the DT motel NN manager NN does VBZ n't RB check VB the DT license NN number NN on IN the DT plates NNS against IN the DT license NN number NN the DT tenant NN writes VBZ out RP . . If IN he PRP does VBZ COMMA COMMA it PRP 's VBZ still RB better JJR than IN an DT even JJ chance NN he PRP wo MD n't RB notice VB the DT transposition NN of IN the DT numbers NNS COMMA COMMA and CC if IN he PRP should MD notice VB it PRP COMMA COMMA the DT thing NN can MD be VB passed VBN off RP as IN an DT honest JJ mistake NN . . I PRP used VBD the DT alias NN of IN Robert NNP C. NNP Richards NNP COMMA COMMA gave VBD the DT first JJ three CD letters NNS and CC the DT first JJ and CC last JJ figure NN of IN the DT license NN number NN on IN the DT agency NN heap NN COMMA COMMA but CC a DT couple NN of IN phony JJ numbers NNS in RB between RB . . I PRP could MD have VB written VBN anything NN . . The DT manager NN of IN the DT motel NN was VBD a DT woman NN who WP apparently RB did VBD n't RB care VB . . She PRP was VBD complying VBG with IN the DT law NN in IN regard NN to TO registrations NNS but CC she PRP certainly RB was VBD n't RB checking VBG license NN numbers NNS or CC bothering VBG the DT tenants NNS . . `` `` You PRP mean VBP you PRP 're VBP all RB alone JJ COMMA COMMA Mr. NNP Richards NNP '' '' ? . `` `` That DT 's VBZ right JJ '' '' . . `` `` Your PRP$ wife NN is VBZ n't RB going VBG to TO join VB you PRP -- : later RB '' '' ? . `` `` I PRP do VBP n't RB think VB so RB '' '' . . `` `` If IN you PRP expect VBP her PRP to TO show VB up RP '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` you PRP 'd MD better RBR put VB ' '' and CC wife NN ' '' on IN there RB . . It PRP 's VBZ a DT formality NN COMMA COMMA you PRP know VBP '' '' . . `` `` Any DT difference NN in IN the DT rate NN '' '' ? . I PRP asked VBD . . `` `` Not RB to TO you PRP '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD smiling VBG . . `` `` It PRP 's VBZ ten CD dollars NNS either DT way NN . . There EX are VBP ice NN cubes NNS in IN a DT container NN at IN the DT far JJ end NN and CC in IN another DT by IN the DT office NN . . There EX are VBP three CD soft-drink JJ vending VBG machines NNS COMMA COMMA and CC if IN you PRP should MD be VB joined VBN by IN -- : anybody NN -- : try VB to TO keep VB things NNS quiet JJ COMMA COMMA if IN you PRP will MD . . We PRP like VBP to TO run VB a DT nice JJ quiet JJ place NN '' '' . . `` `` Thank VBP you PRP '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP told VBD her PRP . . I PRP took VBD another DT sidelong JJ glance NN at IN the DT other JJ registration NN card NN COMMA COMMA then RB took VBD the DT key NN to TO Unit NN 13 CD that WDT she PRP had VBD given VBN me PRP and CC went VBD down RB long RB enough RB to TO park VB the DT car NN . . The DT construction NN was VBD reasonably RB solid JJ ; : not RB like IN the DT cracker NN - HYPH box NN construction NN of IN so RB many JJ of IN the DT motel NN units NNS that WDT have VBP stucco NN all RB over IN the DT outside NN but CC walls NNS that WDT are VBP thin JJ enough RB so IN you PRP can MD hear VB every DT movement NN of IN the DT people NNS in IN the DT adjoining VBG apartment NN . . I PRP put VBP a DT small JJ electric JJ amplifier NN against IN the DT wall NN on IN the DT side NN I PRP wanted VBD to TO case VB . . With IN the DT aid NN of IN that DT I PRP could MD hear VB my PRP$ man NN moving VBG around RB COMMA COMMA heard VBD him PRP cough VB a DT couple NN of IN times NNS COMMA COMMA heard VBD the DT toilet NN flush VB COMMA COMMA heard VBD the DT sound NN of IN water NN running VBG . . Whoever WP his PRP$ companion NN was VBD going VBG to TO be VB COMMA COMMA she PRP was VBD going VBG to TO join VB him PRP later RB . . She PRP knew VBD where WRB to TO come VB . . He PRP did VBD n't RB have VB to TO telephone VB . . I PRP was VBD so RB hungry JJ my PRP$ stomach NN felt VBD all DT lines NNS of IN communication NN had VBD been VBN severed VBN . . It PRP 's VBZ one CD thing NN to TO go VB without IN food NN when WRB you PRP 're VBP occupied VBN with IN some DT work NN or CC when WRB you PRP 're VBP simply RB postponing VBG a DT meal NN COMMA COMMA but CC when WRB you PRP 're VBP dependent JJ on IN someone NN else RB and CC know VBP that IN you PRP ca MD n't RB eat VB until IN he PRP 's VBZ bedded VBN down RP for IN the DT night NN COMMA COMMA hunger NN can MD be VB a DT gnawing VBG torture NN . . I PRP had VBD noticed VBN a DT drive-in NN down IN the DT road NN a DT quarter NN of IN a DT mile NN . . The DT batteries NNS on IN the DT bugging NN device NN I PRP had VBD put VBN on IN the DT car NN were VBD still RB fresh JJ enough RB to TO send VB out RB good JJ strong JJ signals NNS . . The DT powerful JJ microphone NN I PRP could MD press VB against IN the DT wall NN between IN my PRP$ motel NN unit NN and CC that DT occupied VBN by IN the DT man NN would MD bring VB in RB the DT sound NN of IN any DT conversation NN COMMA COMMA and CC I PRP was VBD positively RB nauseated JJ I PRP was VBD so RB hungry JJ . . I PRP got VBD in IN the DT car NN COMMA COMMA drove VBD down IN to TO the DT drive-in NN and CC ordered VBD a DT couple NN of IN hamburgers NNS with IN everything NN included VBN COMMA COMMA a DT cup NN of IN coffee NN and CC the DT fastest JJS service NN possible JJ . . The DT place NN was VBD n't RB particularly RB busy JJ at IN that DT time NN of IN night NN COMMA COMMA and CC the DT girl NN who WP was VBD waiting VBG on IN me PRP COMMA COMMA who WP was VBD clothed VBN in IN the DT tightest RBS - HYPH fitting VBG pair NN of IN slacks NNS I PRP had VBD ever RB seen VBN on IN a DT woman NN and CC a DT sweater NN that WDT showed VBD everything NN there EX was VBD -- : and CC there EX was VBD lots NNS of IN it PRP -- : wanted VBD to TO be VB sociable JJ . . `` `` You PRP really RB in IN a DT hurry NN COMMA COMMA Handsome JJ '' '' ? . She PRP asked VBD . . `` `` I PRP 'm VBP in IN a DT hurry NN COMMA COMMA Beautiful JJ '' '' . . `` `` It PRP 's VBZ early RB in IN the DT evening NN to TO be VB in IN a DT hurry NN . . There EX 's VBZ lots NNS of IN time NN left VBN '' '' . . `` `` There EX may MD not RB be VB any DT women NNS left VBN '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD . . She PRP gave VBD a DT little JJ pout NN and CC said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP do VBP n't RB get VB off IN work NN until IN eleven CD o'clock NN . . That DT 's VBZ when WRB my PRP$ evening NN commences VBZ '' '' . . `` `` I PRP 'll MD be VB here RB at IN ten-fifty-five CD '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD . . `` `` Oh UH COMMA COMMA you PRP ! . '' '' She PRP announced VBD . . `` `` That DT 's VBZ what WP they PRP all DT say VBP . . What WP 's VBZ that DT thing NN going VBG buzz-buzz-buzz NN in IN your PRP$ car NN '' '' ? . I PRP said VBD `` `` Darn VB it PRP COMMA COMMA that DT 's VBZ the DT automatic JJ signal NN that WDT shows VBZ when WRB the DT ignition NN key NN is VBZ on RB . . I PRP did VBD n't RB turn VB it PRP off RP '' '' . . I PRP reached VBD over RB and CC switched VBD off RP the DT electronic JJ bugging NN device NN . . She PRP went VBD in RB to TO get VB the DT hamburgers NNS COMMA COMMA and CC I PRP switched VBD on RP the DT device NN again RB and CC kept VBD the DT signal NN from IN Dowling NNP 's POS car NN coming VBG in RB steady JJ and CC clear JJ until IN I PRP saw VBD her PRP starting VBG back RB with IN the DT hamburgers NNS . . Then RB I PRP shut VBD off RP the DT device NN again RB . . She PRP wanted VBD to TO hang VB around RB while IN I PRP was VBD eating VBG . . `` `` Do VBP n't RB you PRP think VB it PRP 's VBZ selfish JJ to TO have VB dinner NN before IN you PRP go VBP to TO pick VB her PRP up RP '' '' ? . `` `` No UH '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD . . `` `` It PRP 's VBZ a DT kindness NN to TO her PRP . . You PRP see VBP COMMA COMMA she PRP 's VBZ on IN a DT diet NN . . She PRP 'll MD eat VB just RB a DT pineapple NN and CC cottage NN cheese NN salad NN and CC I PRP 'm VBP to TO have VB one NN with IN her PRP so IN she PRP wo MD n't RB feel VB out IN of IN place NN '' '' . . `` `` Diets NNS can MD be VB terrible JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT girl NN said VBD . . `` `` How WRB much RB overweight JJ is VBZ she PRP '' '' ? . `` `` Not RB a DT bit NN '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` but CC she PRP 's VBZ keeping VBG her PRP$ figure NN in IN hand NN '' '' . . She PRP looked VBD at IN me PRP provocatively RB . . `` `` Good JJ figures NNS should MD be VB kept VBN in IN hand NN '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA and CC walked VBD away RB with IN an DT exaggerated JJ wiggle NN . . I PRP turned VBD on RP the DT device NN again RB COMMA COMMA half RB fearful JJ that IN I PRP might MD find VB silence NN COMMA COMMA but CC the DT buzzes NNS came VBD in RB loud JJ and CC clear JJ . . When WRB I PRP switched VBD on RP the DT lights NNS for IN her PRP to TO come VB and CC get VB the DT check NN COMMA COMMA I PRP had VBD the DT exact JJ change NN plus CC a DT dollar NN tip NN . . The DT fat JJ man NN said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` All DT we PRP gotta VBP do VB is VBZ go VB around IN the DT corner NN '' '' . . The DT gun NN moved VBD . . The DT thin JJ man NN said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` That-a-way RB '' '' . . `` `` -- : second JJ building NN on IN the DT right NN '' '' . . `` `` -- : it PRP says VBZ police NN right RB on IN the DT door NN '' '' . . `` `` -- : so CC even RB if IN we PRP was VBD as RB dumb JJ as IN you PRP take VBP us PRP for IN COMMA COMMA we PRP could MD still RB find VB it PRP '' '' . . Roberta NNP and CC Dave NNP began VBD to TO back VB toward IN the DT door NN . . The DT thin JJ man NN waved VBD the DT gun NN again RB . . He PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Right RB around IN the DT corner NN '' '' . . `` `` It PRP says VBZ water NN works NNS COMMA COMMA but CC there EX is VBZ a DT policeman NN on IN duty NN COMMA COMMA too RB '' '' . . `` `` A DT night NN policeman NN just RB like IN in IN the DT States NNP . . You PRP know VBP '' '' ? . `` `` Canada NNP does VBZ n't RB have VB much JJ of IN this DT here RB juvenile JJ delinquency NN problem NN COMMA COMMA but CC we PRP keep VBP a DT night NN policeman NN all PDT the DT same JJ on IN account NN of IN the DT crazy JJ tourists NNS '' '' . . At IN the DT door NN COMMA COMMA Dave NNP paused VBD to TO feel VB for IN the DT latch NN . . Roberta NNP glanced VBD up RB at IN her PRP$ husband NN . . He PRP was VBD going VBG to TO be VB sensible JJ and CC not RB try VB to TO do VB anything NN rash JJ with IN that DT gun NN pointed VBN at IN him PRP . . She PRP measured VBD the DT distance NN from IN where WRB they PRP stood VBD to TO the DT men NNS and CC the DT gun NN COMMA COMMA measured VBD the DT distance NN from IN the DT men NNS to TO the DT back JJ room NN . . She PRP decided VBD to TO risk VB it PRP . . There EX was VBD something NN phony JJ about IN all PDT this DT gun NN waving NN -- : something NN not RB quite RB what WP it PRP seemed VBD in IN the DT detailed JJ directions NNS for IN finding VBG the DT police NN . . Dave NNP had VBD the DT latch NN under IN his PRP$ thumb NN now RB and CC he PRP removed VBD his PRP$ arm NN from IN his PRP$ wife NN in IN order NN to TO pull VB the DT door NN open JJ . . In IN a DT flash NN she PRP was VBD away RB to TO the DT back NN COMMA COMMA paying VBG no DT attention NN to TO three CD angry JJ shouts NNS from IN the DT male JJ throats NNS . . She PRP tore VBD open JJ the DT back JJ door NN . . It PRP was VBD dark JJ inside IN the DT room NN but CC enough JJ light NN spilled VBD from IN the DT restaurant NN behind IN her PRP to TO enable VB her PRP to TO make VB out RP a DT round JJ table NN with IN a DT green JJ cloth NN top NN . . There EX was VBD a DT small JJ sideboard NN with IN some DT empty JJ beer NN bottles NNS on IN it PRP and CC perhaps RB fifteen CD wooden JJ chairs NNS . . Slowly RB she PRP turned VBD to TO face VB the DT men NNS again RB . . Rat NN - HYPH face NN at IN the DT counter NN was VBD on IN his PRP$ feet NNS . . The DT distance NN between IN where WRB she PRP stood VBD and CC where WRB Dave NNP waited VBD at IN the DT outside JJ door NN was VBD a DT hundred CD miles NNS . . Keeping VBG her PRP$ frightened JJ gaze NN on IN the DT men NNS at IN the DT counter NN COMMA COMMA she PRP began VBD to TO feel VB her PRP$ way NN to TO the DT door NN . . She PRP sidled VBD along IN the DT booths NNS one CD step NN at IN a DT time NN . . The DT gun NN followed VBD her PRP . . As IN she PRP reached VBD Dave NNP and CC felt VBD his PRP$ arm NN go VB around IN her PRP COMMA COMMA felt VBD him PRP pull VB her PRP to TO the DT safety NN of IN his PRP$ person NN COMMA COMMA she PRP knew VBD with IN the DT certainty NN of IN despair NN that IN something NN bad RB had VBD happened VBN to TO Lauren NNP . . The DT two CD men NNS watched VBD as IN Dave NNP closed VBD the DT door NN behind IN them PRP COMMA COMMA watched VBD them PRP cross VB the DT sidewalk NN to TO their PRP$ car NN . . It PRP was VBD getting VBG light JJ . . The DT fat JJ man NN removed VBD his PRP$ apron NN COMMA COMMA put VBD on RP a DT greasy JJ and CC wrinkled JJ jacket NN COMMA COMMA and CC zipped VBD it PRP over IN his PRP$ paunch NN . . The DT thin JJ man NN moved VBD swiftly RB to TO the DT phone NN and CC dialed VBD a DT number NN . . When WRB he PRP was VBD answered VBN COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Albert NNP ? . Vince NNP . . I PRP 'm VBP sending VBG you PRP a DT couple NN of IN customers NNS -- : yeah UH -- : just RB get VB them PRP out IN of IN my PRP$ hair NN and CC keep VB them PRP out RB -- : I PRP do VBP n't RB give VB a DT damn NN what WP you PRP tell VBP them PRP -- : only RB do VB n't RB believe VB a DT word NN they PRP say VBP -- : they PRP 're VBP out RB to TO make VB trouble NN for IN me PRP and CC it PRP is VBZ up IN to TO you PRP to TO stop VB them PRP -- : I PRP do VBP n't RB care VB how WRB -- : and CC one CD more JJR thing NN -- : Cate NNP 's POS Cafe NNP closed VBD at IN eleven CD like IN always RB last JJ night NN and CC Rose NNP and CC Clarence NNP Corsi NNP left VBD for IN Quebec NNP yesterday NN -- : some DT shrine NN or CC other JJ -- : I PRP think VBP it PRP was VBD called VBN Saint NNP Simon NNP 's POS -- : yeah UH COMMA COMMA yesterday RB . . Got VBN it PRP '' '' ? . He PRP turned VBD from IN the DT phone NN and CC strode VBD to TO the DT front NN of IN the DT restaurant NN . . The DT white JJ Buick NNP had VBD n't RB moved VBN away RB yet RB . . Good JJ . . A DT line NN of IN worry NN formed VBD COMMA COMMA a DT twitch NN pulled VBD his PRP$ mouth NN over RB to TO one CD side NN . . He PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Grosse NNP ? . You PRP ai VBP n't RB kidding VBG me PRP -- : the DT kid NN do VBP n't RB know VB the DT name NN of IN this DT town NN '' '' ? . `` `` I PRP ai VBP n't RB kidding VBG you PRP COMMA COMMA Vince NNP . . How WRB could MD she PRP ? . She PRP musta MD been VBN walking VBG in IN her PRP$ sleep NN -- : you PRP seen VBD her PRP yourself PRP in IN here RB '' '' . . `` `` Howda WRB I PRP know VB '' '' ? . `` `` Remember VB how WRB she PRP looked VBD when WRB Barney NNP held VBD the DT door NN for IN her PRP ? . Kinda RB like IN a DT zombie NN ? . She PRP was VBD just RB waking VBG up RP when WRB we PRP found VBD her PRP at IN the DT garage NN '' '' . . Vince NNP swore VBD . . `` `` Stupid JJ fools NNS -- : ai VBP n't RB got VBN enough JJ brains NNS between IN the DT two CD of IN you PRP '' '' -- : Grosse NNP muttered VBD COMMA COMMA his PRP$ head NN down RB COMMA COMMA one CD hand NN playing VBG with IN the DT zipper NN on IN his PRP$ jacket NN . . `` `` -- : had VBD enough JJ brains NNS to TO call VB ya PRP up RP so IN as IN ya PRP could MD do VB sompin NN about IN it PRP when WRB the DT parents NNS -- : I PRP could MD a HV let VBN her PRP go VB go VB '' '' -- : His PRP$ eyes NNS were VBD lowered VBN COMMA COMMA so CC he PRP could MD n't RB have VB seen VBN the DT narrow JJ COMMA COMMA pointed JJ face NN of IN his PRP$ companion NN suddenly RB writhe VB with IN fury NN ; : but CC he PRP was VBD aware JJ of IN it PRP just RB the DT same JJ . . He PRP knew VBD Vince NNP Steiner NNP was VBD one CD of IN those DT men NNS who WP had VBD to TO work VB up RP a DT fury NN once RB in IN a DT while NN just RB to TO prove VB how WRB dangerous JJ he PRP could MD be VB . . With IN a DT curse NN COMMA COMMA Vince NNP seized VBD the DT thing NN nearest JJS COMMA COMMA a DT glass NN sugar NN container NN with IN a DT spouted JJ metal NN top NN COMMA COMMA and CC threw VBD it PRP against IN the DT wall NN opposite JJ . . The DT heavy JJ glass NN did VBD n't RB break VB COMMA COMMA but CC the DT top NN flew VBD off RB ; : sugar NN sprayed VBD with IN a DT hiss NNS that WDT was VBD loud JJ in IN the DT silence NN . . Not RB really RB startled VBN COMMA COMMA but CC careful JJ to TO appear VB so RB COMMA COMMA Grosse NNP sucked VBD noisily RB on IN his PRP$ pipe NN . . Vince NNP cursed VBD steadily RB . . `` `` Why WRB does VBZ everything NN have VB to TO happen VB to TO me PRP '' '' ? . Grosse NNP quietly RB got VBD a DT broom NN and CC started VBD to TO sweep VB up RP the DT sugar NN . . Vince NNP watched VBD him PRP . . His PRP$ mouth NN worked VBD over RP the DT profanity NN COMMA COMMA the DT obscenities NNS in IN his PRP$ vocabulary NN . . Once RB he PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Why WRB 'n IN hell NN did VBD n't RB you PRP look VB in IN the DT back JJ seat NN of IN the DT car NN before IN you PRP drove VBD off RB ? . Do VBP n't RB you PRP and CC Barney NNP ever RB use VB your PRP$ brains NNS '' '' ? . The DT fat JJ man NN did VBD n't RB answer NN . . He PRP got VBD one CD of IN the DT menus NNS and CC brushed VBD the DT spilled VBN sugar NN onto IN it PRP and CC carried VBD it PRP to TO a DT box NN on IN the DT floor NN behind IN the DT counter NN . . He PRP returned VBD the DT menu NN to TO its PRP$ place NN between IN catchup NN bottle NN and CC paper NN napkin NN dispenser NN . . He PRP spoke VBD soothingly RB . . `` `` She PRP do VBP n't RB know VB nothing NN about IN them PRP cars NNS . . She PRP thinks VBZ she PRP 's VBZ in IN a DT ordinary JJ garage NN '' '' . . `` `` How WRB do VBP you PRP know VB COMMA COMMA stupid JJ ? . And CC put VB Cate NNP 's POS gun NN back RB '' '' . . `` `` I PRP know VBP '' '' . . Grosse NNP tucked VBD the DT gun NN under IN the DT counter NN . . `` `` -- : one CD word NN of IN this DT gets VBZ to TO Guardino NNP '' '' -- : `` `` Who WP 's VBZ telling VBG Guardino NNP '' '' ? . Vince NNP swore VBD again RB . . `` `` You PRP get VBP that DT kid NN over RB to TO Rose NNP 's POS house NN '' '' . . The DT fat JJ man NN winced VBD . . He PRP ran VBD a DT finger NN down IN his PRP$ cheek NN COMMA COMMA tracing VBG the DT scratch NN there RB . . `` `` Why WRB ca MD n't RB I PRP leave VB her PRP locked VBN up RP in IN the DT tool NN crib NN '' '' ? . The DT thin JJ man NN stopped VBD his PRP$ pacing NN long RB enough RB to TO glance VB at IN the DT clock NN . . `` `` You PRP and CC Barney NNP get VBP her PRP over RB to TO Rose NNP 's POS before IN it PRP gets VBZ too RB light JJ . . After IN Guardino NNP 's VBZ left VBN COMMA COMMA we PRP 'll MD dump VB the DT kid NN somewhere RB near IN the DT border NN where WRB she PRP kin MD get VB home RB . . God NNP help VB you PRP if IN she PRP knows VBZ where WRB she PRP 's VBZ been VBN '' '' . . Grosse NNP spread VBD his PRP$ hands NNS . . `` `` What WP am VBP I PRP going VBG to TO do VB with IN her PRP all DT day NN ? . In IN the DT tool NN crib NN she PRP ca MD n't RB get VB away RB '' '' . . `` `` What WP the DT hell NN do VBP I PRP care VB what WP you PRP do VBP with IN her PRP all DT day NN ? . Just RB get VB her PRP where WRB Guardino NNP wo MD n't RB see VB her PRP and CC start VB asking VBG questions NNS '' '' . . Grosse NNP swore VBD now RB . . `` `` Dammit VB all RB COMMA COMMA Vince NNP . . I PRP ai VBP n't RB no DT baby NN sitter NN '' '' . . Vince NNP shouted VBD finally RB COMMA COMMA `` `` Get VB her PRP over IN to TO Rose NNP 's POS and CC I PRP 'll MD come VB by RB and CC see VB that IN she PRP stays VBZ put VBN '' '' . . Grosse NNP rubbed VBD the DT bridge NN of IN his PRP$ nose NN where WRB it PRP was VBD swollen VBN . . He PRP spoke VBD sullenly RB . . `` `` You PRP do VBP n't RB haf VB ta TO get VB nasty JJ . . I PRP wish VBP you PRP luck NN when WRB you PRP try VBP scaring VBG that DT kid NN '' '' . . Suddenly RB he PRP grinned VBD . . His PRP$ voice NN lost VBD its PRP$ sullen JJ tones NNS and CC he PRP chuckled VBD . . `` `` I PRP got VBP one CD question NN '' '' . . `` `` What WP is VBZ it PRP '' '' ? . Impatiently RB . . `` `` Are VBP you PRP a DT poor JJ dumb JJ Canadian NNP or CC a DT smart JJ aleck NN from IN the DT States NNP '' '' ? . Vince NNP lifted VBD his PRP$ hand NN as IN if IN to TO strike VB COMMA COMMA but CC his PRP$ thin JJ lips NNS spread VBD in IN a DT smile NN . . Grosse NNP ducked VBD and CC sniggered VBD . . `` `` Where WRB 'd VBD you PRP say VB you PRP was VBD born VBN '' '' ? . `` `` In IN a DT Chicago NNP slum NN just RB like IN you PRP . . And CC I PRP ai VBP n't RB going VBG back RB there RB on IN account NN of IN one CD lousy JJ kid NN '' '' . . Lauren NNP Landis NNP rubbed VBD her PRP$ face NN against IN the DT blanket NN . . She PRP had VBD cried VBN a DT little JJ because IN she PRP was VBD frightened JJ . . She PRP could MD easily RB understand VB why WRB the DT two CD men NNS had VBD been VBN startled VBN to TO find VB a DT strange JJ girl NN in IN the DT back JJ seat NN of IN their PRP$ car NN ( ( she PRP had VBD figured VBN that DT out RP ) ) COMMA COMMA but CC she PRP could MD n't RB understand VB their PRP$ subsequent JJ actions NNS . . Was VBD it PRP because IN she PRP had VBD shown VBN panic NN ? . Who WP could MD blame VB her PRP for IN that DT ? . It PRP was VBD one CD thing NN to TO awaken VB outside IN a DT restaurant NN where WRB your PRP$ parents NNS were VBD eating VBG and CC quite PDT another DT to TO awaken VB in IN a DT strange JJ garage NN and CC know VB your PRP$ parents NNS had VBD gone VBN on RP home RB without IN you PRP . . She PRP was VBD glad JJ the DT fat JJ man NN had VBD left VBN . . Barney NNP was VBD not RB really RB frightening JJ . . She PRP jumped VBD as IN the DT little JJ man NN now RB appeared VBD at IN the DT window NN and CC COMMA COMMA reaching VBG through IN the DT opening NN COMMA COMMA offered VBD her PRP a DT bottle NN of IN coke NN . . She PRP smiled VBD at IN him PRP wetly RB . . Although IN she PRP found VBD she PRP was VBD thirsty JJ COMMA COMMA she PRP was VBD about JJ to TO refuse VB ( ( never RB COMMA COMMA never RB take VB candy NN from IN a DT strange JJ man NN ) ) when WRB she PRP saw VBD the DT bottle NN was VBD unopened JJ . . He PRP placed VBD a DT bottle NN opener NN on IN the DT counter NN . . So CC COMMA COMMA he PRP understood VBD her PRP$ panic NN . . She PRP blew VBD her PRP$ nose NN on IN a DT tissue NN and CC opened VBD the DT coke NN bottle NN . . It PRP was VBD icy RB cold JJ and CC tasted VBD delicious JJ . . She PRP felt VBD a DT lift NN in IN spirit NN . . When WRB she PRP was VBD finished VBN she PRP pushed VBD it PRP back RB . . The DT man NN was VBD busy JJ doing VBG something NN to TO the DT inside NN of IN the DT door NN - HYPH frame NN on IN the DT driver NN 's POS side NN of IN a DT car NN . . She PRP called VBD softly RB COMMA COMMA `` `` Barney NNP '' '' . . He PRP looked VBD in IN her PRP$ direction NN but CC he PRP did VBD n't RB answer NN . . She PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Barney NNP COMMA COMMA why WRB is VBZ he PRP keeping VBG me PRP here RB '' '' ? . Still RB no DT answer NN . . He PRP seemed VBD to TO be VB looking VBG at IN a DT point NN above IN the DT little JJ window NN . . Lauren NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Why WRB ca MD n't RB I PRP call VB my PRP$ home NN ? . Or CC borrow VB some DT money NN from IN someone NN and CC go VB home RB by IN bus NN ? . I PRP could MD send VB the DT money NN right RB back RB '' '' . . Barney NNP finished VBD the DT cigarette NN he PRP had VBD been VBN smoking VBG . . He PRP dropped VBD it PRP and CC carefully RB ground VBD it PRP to TO nothing NN with IN the DT sole NN of IN his PRP$ heavy JJ shoe NN . . Now RB he PRP looked VBD at IN her PRP . . He PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP only RB work VBP here RB '' '' . . Lauren NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Please UH '' '' ? . But CC he PRP was VBD back RB at IN work NN on IN a DT car NN . . She PRP dropped VBD her PRP$ head NN on IN her PRP$ arms NNS on IN the DT counter NN . . How WRB could MD he PRP be VB kind JJ one CD moment NN and CC cruel JJ the DT next JJ ? . Did VBD he PRP know VB something NN that WDT made VBD him PRP feel VB sad JJ and CC sorry JJ for IN her PRP ? . And CC was VBD he PRP afraid JJ to TO do VB anything NN as RB definite JJ as IN releasing VBG her PRP ? . Her PRP$ heart NN was VBD thumping VBG painfully RB ; : the DT unknown NN was VBD so RB much RB worse JJR than IN -- : what WDT dangers NNS lay VBD ahead RB for IN her PRP ? . What WDT awful JJ thing NN had VBD she PRP to TO face VB in IN the DT next JJ few JJ hours NNS ? . Something NN wet JJ and CC hot JJ was VBD trickling VBG on IN her PRP$ wrists NNS . . Tears NNS ? . With IN a DT sturdy JJ act NN of IN will NN she PRP turned VBD her PRP mind NN away RB from IN herself PRP ; : as RB long RB as IN she PRP could MD do VB nothing NN constructive JJ about IN the DT situation NN she PRP was VBD in IN COMMA COMMA she PRP would MD think VB about IN something NN else RB . . Her PRP$ mother NN and CC father NN COMMA COMMA for IN instance NN . . Where WRB were VBD they PRP now RB ? . In IN her PRP$ mind NN she PRP followed VBD the DT white JJ Buick NNP along IN the DT road NN somewhere RB between IN here RB and CC the DT Niagara NNP River NNP . . Her PRP$ father NN 's POS attention NN would MD be VB on IN the DT road NN ahead RB and CC it PRP would MD n't RB deviate VB an DT inch NN until IN he PRP crossed VBD the DT bridge NN at IN the DT Falls NNPS and CC took VBD the DT River NNP Road NNP to TO LaSalle NNP and CC COMMA COMMA finally RB COMMA COMMA turned VBD in RB at IN their PRP$ own JJ driveway NN at IN 387 CD Heather NNP Heights NNP . . Then RB he PRP would MD yawn VB and CC stretch VB and CC shout VB COMMA COMMA `` `` All DT out RB . . This DT is VBZ the DT end NN of IN the DT line NN '' '' . . And CC what WP would MD her PRP mother NN be VB doing VBG right RB now RB ? . Her PRP$ mother NN would MD be VB fast RB asleep JJ curled VBN up RB against IN that DT wonderful JJ COMMA COMMA big JJ COMMA COMMA safe JJ COMMA COMMA solid JJ shoulder NN next RB to TO her PRP on IN the DT front JJ seat NN . . Lauren NNP Landis NNP was VBD in IN trouble NN and CC she PRP was VBD alone JJ . . Roberta NNP Landis NNP put VBD her PRP$ hand NN on IN her PRP$ husband NN 's POS arm NN as IN he PRP slid VBD in IN the DT driver NN 's POS seat NN beside IN her PRP . . Somewhere RB birds NNS were VBD sweetly RB calling VBG COMMA COMMA were VBD answered VBN . . Her PRP$ teeth NNS chattered VBD so IN that IN she PRP made VBD three CD attempts NNS at IN speech NN before IN she PRP became VBD intelligible JJ . . `` `` Dave NNP . . I PRP saw VBD that DT woman NN 's POS apron NN behind IN the DT door NN . . There EX was VBD a DT wet JJ spot NN -- : she PRP could MD n't RB have VB been VBN gone VBN long RB '' '' . . Dave NNP made VBD some DT sound NN meant VBN to TO convey VB agreement NN . . He PRP inserted VBD the DT car NN key NN in IN the DT lock NN . . Roberta NNP was VBD violently RB trembling VBG . . She PRP stammered VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` You PRP heard VBD what WP he PRP said VBD about IN police NN ? . Why WRB do VBP n't RB we PRP drive VB around IN the DT corner NN '' '' ? . The DT car NN door NN crashed VBD shut JJ . . The DT engine NN throbbed VBD into IN life NN . . Dave NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP got VBD the DT message NN . . We PRP 're VBP going VBG '' '' . . Roberta NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` no UH . . You PRP go VBP . . Walk VB . . Suppose VB Lauren NNP comes VBZ looking VBG for IN us PRP ? . I PRP can MD sit VB here RB in IN the DT car NN while IN you PRP walk VBP around IN the DT corner NN '' '' . . The DT big JJ car NN sprang VBD away RB from IN the DT curb NN like IN something NN alive JJ . . He PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP 'm VBP not RB going VBG to TO leave VB my PRP$ wife NN and CC my PRP$ car NN out RB here RB in IN sight NN of IN those DT '' '' -- : Roberta NNP glanced VBD at IN him PRP and CC stopped VBD trembling VBG . . Ryan NNP hefted VBD his PRP$ bulk NN up RP and CC supported VBD it PRP on IN one CD elbow NN . . He PRP rubbed VBD his PRP$ eyes NNS sleepily RB with IN one CD huge JJ paw NN . . `` `` Ekstrohm NNP COMMA COMMA Nogol NNP COMMA COMMA you PRP guys NNS okay JJ '' '' ? . `` `` Nothing NN wrong JJ with IN me PRP that WDT could MD n't RB be VB cured VBN '' '' COMMA COMMA Nogol NNP said VBD . . He PRP did VBD n't RB say VB what WP would MD cure VB him PRP ; : he PRP had VBD been VBN explaining VBG all RB during IN the DT trip NN what WP he PRP needed VBD to TO make VB him PRP feel VB like IN himself PRP . . His PRP$ small JJ black JJ eyes NNS darted VBD inside IN the DT olive JJ oval NN of IN his PRP$ face NN . . `` `` Ekstrohm NNP '' '' ? . Ryan NNP insisted VBD . . `` `` Okay UH '' '' . . `` `` Well UH COMMA COMMA let VB 's PRP take VB a DT ground NN - HYPH level NN look NN at IN the DT country NN around IN here RB '' '' . . The DT facsiport NN rolled VBD open RB on IN the DT landscape NN . . A DT range NN of IN bluffs NNS hugged VBD the DT horizon NN COMMA COMMA the DT color NN of IN decaying VBG moss NN . . Above IN them PRP COMMA COMMA the DT sky NN was VBD the DT black NN of IN space NN COMMA COMMA or CC the DT almost RB equal JJ black NN of IN the DT winter NN sky NN above IN Minneapolis NNP COMMA COMMA seen VBN against IN neon NN - HYPH lit VBN snow NN . . That DT cold JJ COMMA COMMA empty JJ sky NN was VBD full JJ of IN fire NN and CC light NN . . It PRP seemed VBD almost RB a DT magnification NN of IN the DT Galaxy NNP itself PRP COMMA COMMA of IN the DT Milky NNP Way NNP COMMA COMMA blown VBN up RP by IN some DT master NN photographer NN . . This DT fiery JJ swath NN was VBD actually RB only RB a DT belt NN of IN minor JJ planets NNS COMMA COMMA almost RB like IN the DT asteroid NN belt NN in IN the DT original JJ Solar NNP System NNP . . These DT planets NNS were VBD much RB bigger JJR COMMA COMMA nearly RB all DT capable JJ of IN holding VBG an DT atmosphere NN . . But CC to TO the DT infuriation NN of IN scientists NNS COMMA COMMA for IN no DT known VBN reason NN not RB all DT of IN them PRP did VBD . . This DT would MD be VB the DT fifth JJ mapping NN expedition NN to TO the DT planetoids NNS of IN Yancy-6 NNP in IN three CD generations NNS . . They PRP lay VBD months NNS away RB from IN the DT nearest JJS Earth NNP star NN by IN jump NN drive NN COMMA COMMA and CC no DT one NN knew VBD what WP they PRP were VBD good JJ for IN COMMA COMMA although IN it PRP was VBD felt VBN that IN they PRP would MD probably RB be VB good JJ for IN something NN if IN it PRP could MD only RB be VB discovered VBN -- : much JJ like IN the DT continent NN of IN Antarctica NNP in IN ancient JJ history NN . . `` `` How WRB can MD a DT planet NN with IN so RB many JJ neighbors NNS be VB so RB lonely JJ '' '' ? . Ryan NNP asked VBD . . He PRP was VBD the DT captain NN COMMA COMMA so CC he PRP could MD ask VB questions NNS like IN that DT . . `` `` Some DT can MD be VB lonely JJ in IN a DT crowd NN '' '' COMMA COMMA Nogol NNP said VBD elaborately RB . . `` `` What WP will MD we PRP need VB outside RB COMMA COMMA Ryan NNP '' '' ? . Ekstrohm NNP asked VBD . . `` `` No DT helmets NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT captain NN answered VBD . . `` `` We PRP can MD breathe VB out RB there RB COMMA COMMA all RB right RB . . It PRP just RB wo MD n't RB be VB easy JJ . . This DT old JJ world NN lost VBD all DT of IN its PRP$ helium NN and CC trace NN gases NNS long RB ago RB . . Nitrogen NN and CC oxygen NN are VBP about RB it PRP '' '' . . `` `` Ryan NNP COMMA COMMA look VB over RB there RB '' '' COMMA COMMA Nogol NNP said VBD . . `` `` Animals NNS . . Ringing VBG the DT ship NN . . Think VB they PRP 're VBP intelligent JJ COMMA COMMA maybe RB hostile JJ '' '' ? . `` `` I PRP think VBP they PRP 're VBP dead JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA Ekstrohm NNP interjected VBD quietly RB . . `` `` I PRP get VBP no DT readings NNS from IN them PRP at IN all DT . . Sonic JJ COMMA COMMA electronic JJ COMMA COMMA galvanic JJ -- : all DT blank JJ . . According VBG to TO these DT needles NNS COMMA COMMA they PRP 're VBP stone NN dead JJ '' '' . . `` `` Ekstrohm NNP COMMA COMMA you PRP and CC I PRP will MD have VB a DT look NN '' '' COMMA COMMA Ryan NNP said VBD . . `` `` You PRP hold VB down RP the DT fort NN COMMA COMMA Nogol NNP . . Take VB it PRP easy RB '' '' . . `` `` Easy JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA Nogol NNP confirmed VBD . . `` `` I PRP heard VBD a DT story NN once RB about IN a DT rookie NN who WP got VBD excited JJ when WRB the DT captain NN stepped VBD outside RB and CC he PRP could MD n't RB get VB an DT encephalographic JJ reading NN on IN him PRP . . Me PRP COMMA COMMA I PRP know VBP the DT mind NN of IN an DT officer NN works VBZ in IN a DT strange JJ and CC unfathomable JJ manner NN '' '' . . `` `` I PRP 'm VBP not RB worried JJ about IN you PRP mis-reading VBG the DT dials NNS COMMA COMMA Nogol NNP COMMA COMMA just RB about IN a DT lug NN like IN you PRP reading VBG them PRP at IN all DT . . Remember VB COMMA COMMA when WRB the DT little JJ hand NN is VBZ straight RB up RB that DT 's VBZ negative JJ . . Positive JJ results NNS start VBP when WRB it PRP goes VBZ towards IN the DT hand NN you PRP use VBP to TO make VB your PRP$ mark NN '' '' . . `` `` But CC I PRP 'm VBP ambidextrous JJ '' '' . . Ryan NNP told VBD him PRP what WP he PRP could MD do VB then RB . . Ekstrohm NNP smiled VBD COMMA COMMA and CC followed VBD the DT captain NN through IN the DT airlock NN with IN only RB a DT glance NN at IN the DT lapel NN gauge NN on IN his PRP$ coverall NN . . The DT strong JJ negative JJ field NN his PRP$ suit NN set VBD up RP would MD help VB to TO repel VB bacteria NNS and CC insects NNS . . Actually RB COMMA COMMA the DT types NNS of IN infection NN that WDT could MD attack VB a DT warm-blooded JJ mammal NN were VBD not RB infinite JJ COMMA COMMA and CC over IN the DT course NN of IN the DT last JJ few JJ hundred CD years NNS adequate JJ defenses NNS had VBD been VBN found VBN for IN all DT basic JJ categories NNS . . He PRP was VBD n't RB likely JJ to TO come VB down RP with IN hot JJ chills NNS and CC puzzling JJ striped NN fever NN . . They PRP ignored VBD the DT ladder NN down RB to TO the DT planet NN surface NN and CC COMMA COMMA with IN only RB a DT glance NN at IN the DT seismological JJ gauge NN to TO judge VB surface NN resistance NN COMMA COMMA dropped VBD to TO the DT ground NN . . It PRP was VBD day NN COMMA COMMA but CC in IN the DT thin JJ atmosphere NN contrasts NNS were VBD sharp JJ between IN light NN and CC shadow NN . . They PRP walked VBD from IN midnight NN to TO noon NN COMMA COMMA noon NN to TO midnight NN COMMA COMMA and CC came VBD to TO the DT beast NN sprawled VBN on IN its PRP$ side NN . . Ekstrohm NNP nudged VBD it PRP with IN a DT boot NN . . `` `` Hey UH COMMA COMMA this DT is VBZ pretty RB close JJ to TO a DT wart-hog NN '' '' . . `` `` Uh-huh UH '' '' COMMA COMMA Ryan NNP admitted VBD . . `` `` One CD of IN the DT best JJS matches NNS I PRP 've VBP ever RB found VBN . . Well UH COMMA COMMA it PRP has VBZ to TO happen VB . . Statistical JJ average NN and CC all DT . . Still RB COMMA COMMA it PRP sometimes RB gives VBZ you PRP a DT creepy JJ feeling NN to TO find VB a DT rabbit NN or CC a DT snapping NN turtle NN on IN some DT strange JJ world NN . . It PRP makes VBZ you PRP wonder VB if IN this DT exploration NN business NN is VBZ n't RB all DT some DT big JJ joke NN COMMA COMMA and CC somebody NN has VBZ been VBN everywhere RB before IN you PRP even RB started VBD '' '' . . The DT surveyor NN looked VBD sidewise RB at IN the DT captain NN . . The DT big JJ man NN seldom RB gave VBD out RP with IN such JJ thoughts NNS . . Ekstrohm NNP cleared VBD his PRP$ throat NN . . `` `` What WP shall MD we PRP do VB with IN this DT one NN ? . Dissect VB it PRP '' '' ? . Ryan NNP nudged VBD it PRP with IN his PRP$ toe NN COMMA COMMA following VBG Ekstrohm NNP 's POS example NN . . `` `` I PRP do VBP n't RB know VB COMMA COMMA Stormy NNP . . It PRP sure RB as IN hell NN does VBZ n't RB look VB like IN any DT dominant JJ intelligent JJ species NN to TO me PRP . . No DT hands NNS COMMA COMMA for IN one CD thing NN . . Of IN course NN COMMA COMMA that DT 's VBZ not RB definite JJ proof NN '' '' . . `` `` No UH COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ n't RB '' '' COMMA COMMA Ekstrohm NNP said VBD . . `` `` I PRP think VBP we PRP 'd VBD better RB let VB it PRP lay VB until IN we PRP get VBP a DT clearer JJR picture NN of IN the DT ecological JJ setup NN around RB here RB . . In IN the DT meantime NN COMMA COMMA we PRP might MD be VB thinking VBG on IN the DT problem NN all PDT these DT dead JJ beasts NNS represent VBP . . What WP killed VBD them PRP '' '' ? . `` `` It PRP looks VBZ like IN we PRP did VBD COMMA COMMA when WRB we PRP made VBD blastdown NN '' '' . . `` `` But CC what WP about IN our PRP$ landing NN was VBD lethal JJ to TO the DT creatures NNS '' '' ? . `` `` Radiation NN '' '' ? . Ekstrohm NNP suggested VBD . . `` `` The DT planet NN is VBZ very RB low JJ in IN radiation NN from IN mineral NN deposits NNS COMMA COMMA and CC the DT atmosphere NN seems VBZ to TO shield VB out RP most JJS of IN the DT solar JJ output NN . . Any DT little JJ dose NN of IN radiation NN might MD knock VB off RP these DT critters NNS '' '' . . `` `` I PRP do VBP n't RB know VB about IN that DT . . Maybe RB it PRP would MD work VB the DT other JJ way NN . . Maybe RB because IN they PRP have VBP had VBN virtually RB no DT radioactive JJ exposure NN and CC do VBP n't RB have VB any DT R's NNS stored VBN up RP COMMA COMMA they PRP could MD take VB a DT lot NN without IN harm NN '' '' . . `` `` Then RB maybe RB it PRP was VBD the DT shockwave NN we PRP set VBP up RP . . Or CC maybe RB it PRP 's VBZ sheer JJ xenophobia NN . . They PRP curl VBP up RP and CC die VBP at IN the DT sight NN of IN something NN strange JJ and CC alien JJ -- : like IN a DT spaceship NN '' '' . . `` `` Maybe RB '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT captain NN admitted VBD . . `` `` At IN this DT stage NN of IN the DT game NN anything NN could MD be VB possible JJ . . But CC there EX 's VBZ one CD possibility NN I PRP particularly RB do VBP n't RB like VB '' '' . . `` `` And CC that DT is VBZ '' '' ? . `` `` Suppose VB it PRP was VBD not RB us PRP that WDT killed VBD these DT aliens NNS . . Suppose VB it PRP is VBZ something NN right RB on IN the DT planet NN COMMA COMMA native JJ to TO it PRP . . I PRP just RB hope VBP it PRP does VBZ n't RB work VB on IN Earthmen NNPS too RB . . These DT critters NNS went VBD real RB sudden RB '' '' . . Ekstrohm NNP lay VBD in IN his PRP$ bunk NN and CC thought VBD COMMA COMMA the DT camp NN is VBZ quiet JJ . . The DT Earthmen NNPS made VBD camp NN outside IN the DT spaceship NN . . There EX was VBD no DT reason NN to TO leave VB the DT comfortable JJ quarters NNS inside IN the DT ship NN COMMA COMMA except IN that IN COMMA COMMA faced VBN with IN a DT possibility NN of IN sleeping VBG on IN solid JJ ground NN COMMA COMMA they PRP simply RB had VBD to TO get VB out RB . . The DT camp NN was VBD a DT cluster NN of IN aluminum NN bubbles NNS COMMA COMMA ringed VBN with IN a DT spy NN web NN to TO alert VB the DT Earthmen NNPS to TO the DT approach NN of IN any DT being NN . . Each DT man NN had VBD a DT bubble NN to TO himself PRP COMMA COMMA privacy NN after IN the DT long JJ period NN of IN enforced VBN intimacy NN on IN board NN the DT ship NN . . Ekstrohm NNP lay VBD in IN his PRP$ bunk NN and CC listened VBD to TO the DT sounds NNS of IN the DT night NN on IN Yancey-6 NNP 138 NNP . . There EX was VBD a DT keening NN of IN wind NN COMMA COMMA and CC a DT cracking NN of IN the DT frozen VBN ground NN . . Insects NNS there EX were VBD on IN the DT world NN COMMA COMMA but CC they PRP were VBD frozen VBN solid JJ during IN the DT night NN COMMA COMMA only RB to TO revive VB and CC thaw VB in IN the DT morning NN sun NN . . The DT bunk NN he PRP lay VBD on IN was VBD much RB more RBR uncomfortable JJ than IN the DT acceleration NN couches NNS on IN board NN . . Yet CC he PRP knew VBD the DT others NNS were VBD sleeping VBG more RBR soundly RB COMMA COMMA now RB that IN they PRP had VBD renewed VBN their PRP$ contact NN with IN the DT matter NN that WDT had VBD birthed VBN them PRP to TO send VB them PRP riding VBG high JJ vacuum NN . . Ekstrohm NNP was VBD not RB asleep JJ . . Now RB there EX could MD be VB an DT end NN to TO pretending VBG . . He PRP threw VBD off RP the DT light JJ blanket NN and CC swung VBD his PRP$ feet NNS off IN the DT bunk NN COMMA COMMA to TO the DT floor NN . . Ekstrohm NNP stood VBD up RP . . There EX was VBD no DT longer RB any DT need NN to TO hide VB . . But CC what WP was VBD there EX to TO do VB ? . What WP had VBD changed VBN for IN him PRP ? . He PRP no RB longer RB had VBD to TO lie VB in IN his PRP$ bunk NN all DT night NN COMMA COMMA his PRP$ eyes NNS closed JJ COMMA COMMA pretending VBG to TO sleep VB . . In IN privacy NN he PRP could MD walk VB around RB COMMA COMMA leave VB the DT light NN on RB COMMA COMMA read VB . . It PRP was VBD small JJ comfort NN for IN insomnia NN . . Ekstrohm NNP never RB slept VBD . . Some DT doctors NNS had VBD informed VBN him PRP he PRP was VBD mistaken JJ about IN this DT . . Actually RB COMMA COMMA they PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA he PRP did VBD sleep VB COMMA COMMA but CC so RB shortly RB and CC fitfully RB that IN he PRP forgot VBD . . Others NNS admitted VBD he PRP was VBD absolutely RB correct JJ -- : he PRP never RB slept VBD . . His PRP$ body NN processes NNS only RB slowed VBD down RP enough RB for IN him PRP to TO dispell VB fatigue NN poisons NNS . . Occasionally RB he PRP fell VBD into IN a DT waking JJ COMMA COMMA gritty-eyed JJ stupor NN ; : but CC he PRP never RB slept VBD . . Never RB at IN all DT . . Naturally RB COMMA COMMA he PRP could MD n't RB let VB his PRP$ shipmates NNS know VB this DT . . Insomnia NN would MD ground VB him PRP from IN the DT Exploration NNP Service NNP COMMA COMMA on IN physiological JJ if IN not RB psychological JJ grounds NNS . . He PRP had VBD to TO hide VB it PRP . . Over IN the DT years NNS COMMA COMMA he PRP had VBD had VBN buddies NNS in IN space NN in IN whom WP he PRP thought VBD he PRP could MD confide VB . . The DT buddies NNS invariably RB took VBD advantage NN of IN him PRP . . Since IN he PRP could MD n't RB sleep VB anyway RB COMMA COMMA he PRP might MD as RB well RB stand VB their PRP$ watches NNS for IN them PRP or CC write VB their PRP$ reports NNS . . Where WRB the DT hell NN did VBD he PRP get VB off RP threatening VBG to TO report VB any DT laxness NN on IN their PRP$ part NN to TO the DT captain NN ? . A DT man NN with IN insomnia NN had VBD better RB avoid VB bad JJ dreams NNS of IN that DT kind NN if IN he PRP knew VBD what WP was VBD good JJ for IN him PRP . . Ekstrohm NNP had VBD to TO hide VB his PRP$ secret NN . . In IN a DT camp NN COMMA COMMA instead RB of IN shipboard RB COMMA COMMA hiding VBG the DT secret NN was VBD easier JJR . . But CC the DT secret NN itself PRP was VBD just RB as RB hard JJ . . Ekstrohm NNP picked VBD up RP a DT lightweight JJ no-back NN from IN the DT ship NN 's POS library NN COMMA COMMA a DT book NN by IN Bloch NNP COMMA COMMA the DT famous JJ twentieth JJ century NN expert NN on IN sex NN . . He PRP scanned VBD a DT few JJ lines NNS on IN the DT social JJ repercussions NNS of IN a DT celebrated JJ nineteenth JJ century NN sex NN murderer NN COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP could MD n't RB seem VB to TO concentrate VB on IN the DT weighty JJ COMMA COMMA pontifical JJ COMMA COMMA ponderous JJ style NN . . On IN impulse NN COMMA COMMA he PRP flipped VBD up RP the DT heat NN control NN on IN his PRP$ coverall NN and CC slid VBD back RB the DT hatch NN of IN the DT bubble NN . . Ekstrohm NNP walked VBD through IN the DT alien JJ glass NN and CC looked VBD up RB at IN the DT unfamiliar JJ constellations NNS COMMA COMMA smelling VBG the DT frozen JJ sterility NN of IN the DT thin JJ air NN . . Behind IN him PRP COMMA COMMA his PRP$ mates NNS stirred VBD without IN waking VBG . . Ekstrohm NNP was VBD startled VBN in IN the DT morning NN by IN a DT banging NN on IN the DT hatch NN of IN his PRP$ bubble NN . . It PRP took VBD him PRP a DT few JJ seconds NNS to TO put VB his PRP$ thoughts NNS in IN order NN COMMA COMMA and CC then RB he PRP got VBD up RB from IN the DT bunk NN where WRB he PRP had VBD been VBN resting VBG COMMA COMMA sleeplessly RB . . The DT angry JJ burnt-red JJ face NN of IN Ryan NNP greeted VBD him PRP . . `` `` Okay UH COMMA COMMA Stormy NNP COMMA COMMA this DT is VBZ n't RB the DT place NN for IN fun NN and CC games NNS . . What WP did VBD you PRP do VB with IN them PRP '' '' ? . `` `` Do VB with IN what WP '' '' ? . `` `` The DT dead JJ beasties NNS . . All PDT the DT dead JJ animals NNS laying VBG around IN the DT ship NN '' '' . . `` `` What WP are VBP you PRP talking VBG about IN COMMA COMMA Ryan NNP ? . What WP do VBP you PRP think VB I PRP did VBD with IN them PRP '' '' ? . `` `` I PRP do VBP n't RB know VB . . All DT I PRP know VBP is VBZ that IN they PRP are VBP gone VBN '' '' . . `` `` Gone VBN '' '' ? . Ekstrohm NNP shouldered VBD his PRP$ way NN outside RB and CC scanned VBD the DT veldt NN . . There EX was VBD no DT ring NN of IN animal NN corpses NNS . . Nothing NN . . Nothing NN but IN wispy JJ grass NN whipping VBG in IN the DT keen NN breeze NN . . `` `` I PRP 'll MD be VB damned VBN '' '' COMMA COMMA Ekstrohm NNP said VBD . . `` `` You PRP are VBP right RB now RB COMMA COMMA buddy NN . . ExPe NNP does VBZ n't RB like VB anybody NN mucking VBG up RP primary JJ evidence NN '' '' . . `` `` Where WRB do VBP you PRP get VB off RP COMMA COMMA Ryan NNP '' '' ? . Ekstrohm NNP demanded VBD . . `` `` Why WRB pick VB me PRP for IN your PRP$ patsy NN ? . This DT has VBZ got VBN to TO be VB some DT kind NN of IN local JJ phenomenon NN . . Why WRB accuse VB a DT shipmate NN of IN being VBG behind IN this DT '' '' ? . `` `` Listen VB COMMA COMMA Ekstrohm NNP COMMA COMMA I PRP want VBP to TO give VB you PRP the DT benefit NN of IN every DT doubt NN . . But CC you PRP are VBP n't RB exactly RB the DT model NN of IN a DT surveyor NN COMMA COMMA you PRP know VBP . . You PRP 've VBP been VBN riding VBG on IN a DT pink JJ ticket NN for IN six CD years NNS COMMA COMMA you PRP know VBP that DT '' '' . . `` `` No UH '' '' COMMA COMMA Ekstrohm NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` No UH COMMA COMMA I PRP did VBD n't RB know VB that DT '' '' . . `` `` You PRP 've VBP been VBN hiding VBG things NNS from IN me PRP and CC Nogol NNP every DT jump NN we PRP 've VBP made VBN with IN you PRP . . Now RB comes VBZ this DT ! . It PRP fits VBZ the DT pattern NN of IN secrecy NN and CC stealth NN you PRP 've VBP been VBN involved VBN in IN '' '' . . `` `` What WP could MD I PRP do VB with IN your PRP$ lousy JJ dead JJ bodies NNS ? . What WP would MD I PRP want VB with IN them PRP '' '' ? . `` `` All DT I PRP know VBP is VBZ that IN you PRP were VBD outside IN the DT bubbles NNS last JJ night NN COMMA COMMA and CC you PRP were VBD the DT only JJ sentient NN being NN who WP came VBD in IN or CC out IN of IN our PRP$ alarm NN web NN . . The DT tapes NNS show VBP that DT . . Now RB all PDT the DT bodies NNS are VBP missing VBG COMMA COMMA like IN they PRP got VBD up RP and CC walked VBD away RB '' '' . . It PRP was VBD not RB a DT new JJ experience NN to TO Ekstrohm NNP . . No UH . . Suspicion NN was VBD n't RB new JJ to TO him PRP at IN all DT . . `` `` Ryan NNP COMMA COMMA there EX are VBP other JJ explanations NNS for IN the DT disappearance NN of IN the DT bodies NNS . . Look VB for IN them PRP COMMA COMMA will MD you PRP ? . I PRP give VBP you PRP my PRP$ word NN I PRP 'm VBP not RB trying VBG to TO pull VB some DT stupid JJ kind NN of IN joke NN COMMA COMMA or CC to TO deliberately RB foul VB up RP the DT expedition NN . . Take VB my PRP$ word NN COMMA COMMA ca MD n't RB you PRP '' '' ? . Ryan NNP shook VBD his PRP$ head NN . . `` `` I PRP do VBP n't RB think VB I PRP can MD . . There EX 's VBZ still RB such JJ a DT thing NN as IN mental JJ illness NN . . You PRP may MD not RB be VB responsible JJ '' '' . . Ekstrohm NNP scowled VBD . . `` `` Do VB n't RB try VB anything NN violent JJ COMMA COMMA Stormy NNP . . I PRP outweigh VBP you PRP fifty CD pounds NNS and CC I PRP 'm VBP fast JJ for IN a DT big JJ man NN '' '' . . `` `` I PRP was VBD n't RB planning VBG on IN jumping VBG you PRP . . Why WRB do VBP you PRP have VB to TO jump VB me PRP the DT first JJ time NN something NN goes VBZ wrong JJ ? . Dan NNP Morgan NNP told VBD himself PRP he PRP would MD forget VB Ann NNP Turner NNP . . He PRP was VBD well RB rid VBN of IN her PRP . . He PRP certainly RB did VBD n't RB want VB a DT wife NN who WP was VBD fickle JJ as IN Ann NNP . . If IN he PRP had VBD married VBN her PRP COMMA COMMA he PRP 'd MD have VB been VBN asking VBG for IN trouble NN . . But CC all DT of IN this DT was VBD rationalization NN . . Sometimes RB he PRP woke VBD up RP in IN the DT middle NN of IN the DT night NN thinking NN of IN Ann NNP COMMA COMMA and CC then RB could MD not RB get VB back RB to TO sleep NN . . His PRP$ plans NNS and CC dreams NNS had VBD revolved VBN around IN her PRP so RB much RB and CC for IN so RB long RB that IN now RB he PRP felt VBD as IN if IN he PRP had VBD nothing NN . . The DT easiest JJS thing NN would MD be VB to TO sell VB out RP to TO Al NNP Budd NNP and CC leave VB the DT country NN COMMA COMMA but CC there EX was VBD a DT stubborn JJ streak NN in IN him PRP that WDT would MD n't RB allow VB it PRP . . The DT best JJS antidote NN for IN the DT bitterness NN and CC disappointment NN that WDT poisoned VBD him PRP was VBD hard JJ work NN . . He PRP found VBD that IN if IN he PRP was VBD tired JJ enough RB at IN night NN COMMA COMMA he PRP went VBD to TO sleep NN simply RB because IN he PRP was VBD too RB exhausted JJ to TO stay VB awake JJ . . Each DT day NN he PRP found VBD himself PRP thinking VBG less RBR often RB of IN Ann NNP ; : each DT day NN the DT hurt NN was VBD a DT little JJ duller JJR COMMA COMMA a DT little JJ less RBR poignant JJ . . He PRP had VBD plenty NN of IN work NN to TO do VB . . Because IN the DT summer NN was VBD unusually RB dry JJ and CC hot JJ COMMA COMMA the DT spring NN produced VBD a DT smaller JJR stream NN than IN in IN ordinary JJ years NNS . . The DT grass NN in IN the DT meadows NNS came VBD fast RB COMMA COMMA now RB that IN the DT warm JJ weather NN was VBD here RB . . He PRP could MD not RB afford VB to TO lose VB a DT drop NN of IN the DT precious JJ water NN COMMA COMMA so CC he PRP spent VBD most JJS of IN his PRP$ waking NN hours NNS along IN the DT ditches NNS in IN his PRP$ meadows NNS . . He PRP had VBD no DT idea NN how WRB much JJ time NN Budd NNP would MD give VB him PRP . . In IN any DT case NN COMMA COMMA he PRP had VBD no DT intention NN of IN being VBG caught VBN asleep JJ COMMA COMMA so CC he PRP carried VBD his PRP$ revolver NN in IN its PRP$ holster NN on IN his PRP$ hip NN and CC he PRP took VBD his PRP$ Winchester NNP with IN him PRP and CC leaned VBD it PRP against IN the DT fence NN . . He PRP stopped VBD every DT few JJ minutes NNS and CC leaned VBD on IN his PRP$ shovel NN as IN he PRP studied VBD the DT horizon NN COMMA COMMA but CC nothing NN happened VBD COMMA COMMA each DT day NN dragging VBG out RP with IN monotonous JJ calm NN . . When WRB COMMA COMMA in IN late JJ afternoon NN on IN the DT last JJ day NN in IN June NNP COMMA COMMA he PRP saw VBD two CD people NNS top VB the DT ridge NN to TO the DT south NN and CC walk NN toward IN the DT house NN COMMA COMMA he PRP quit VBD work NN immediately RB and CC strode VBD to TO his PRP$ rifle NN . . It PRP could MD be VB some DT kind NN of IN trick NN Budd NNP had VBD thought VBN up RP . . No DT one NN walked VBD in IN this DT country NN COMMA COMMA least RBS of IN all DT Ed NNP Dow NNP or CC Dutch NNP Renfro NNP or CC any DT of IN the DT rest NN of IN the DT Bar NNP B NNP crew NN . . Morgan NNP watched VBD the DT two CD figures NNS for IN a DT time NN COMMA COMMA puzzled JJ . . When WRB they PRP were VBD closer RBR and CC he PRP saw VBD that IN one CD was VBD a DT woman NN COMMA COMMA he PRP was VBD more RBR puzzled JJ than IN ever RB . . He PRP cleaned VBD his PRP$ shovel NN COMMA COMMA left VBD it PRP against IN the DT fence NN COMMA COMMA picked VBN up RP his PRP$ Winchester NNP COMMA COMMA and CC started VBD downstream RB . . His PRP$ visitors NNS had VBD crawled VBN through IN the DT south JJ fence NN and CC were VBD crossing VBG the DT meadow NN COMMA COMMA angling VBG toward IN the DT house NN . . Now RB he PRP saw VBD that IN both CC the DT man NN and CC woman NN were VBD moving VBG slowly RB and CC irregularly RB COMMA COMMA staggering VBG COMMA COMMA as IN if IN they PRP found VBD it PRP a DT struggle VB to TO remain VB on IN their PRP$ feet NNS . . Reaching VBG the DT house NN ahead RB of IN them PRP COMMA COMMA he PRP waited VBD with IN his PRP$ Winchester NNP in IN his PRP$ hands NNS . . They PRP crawled VBD through IN the DT north JJ fence NN and CC came VBD on RB toward IN him PRP COMMA COMMA and CC now RB he PRP saw VBD that IN both DT were VBD young JJ COMMA COMMA not RB more JJR than IN nineteen CD or CC twenty CD . . They PRP were VBD dirty JJ COMMA COMMA their PRP$ clothes NNS were VBD torn VBN COMMA COMMA and CC the DT girl NN was VBD so RB exhausted JJ that IN she PRP fell VBD when WRB she PRP was VBD still RB twenty CD feet NNS from IN the DT front JJ door NN . . She PRP lay VBD there RB COMMA COMMA making VBG no DT effort NN to TO get VB back RB on IN her PRP$ feet NNS . . The DT boy NN came VBD on IN to TO the DT porch NN and CC sat VBD down RB COMMA COMMA his PRP$ gaze NN on IN Morgan NNP as IN if IN half RB expecting VBG him PRP to TO shoot VB and CC not RB really RB caring VBG . . Morgan NNP hesitated VBD COMMA COMMA thinking VBG that IN if IN this DT was VBD a DT trick NN COMMA COMMA it PRP was VBD a DT good JJ one NN . . He PRP did VBD n't RB think VB it PRP was VBD possible JJ for IN this DT couple NN to TO be VB pretending VBG . . The DT boy NN licked VBD his PRP$ dry JJ lips NNS . . He PRP asked VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Could MD we PRP have VB a DT drink NN '' '' ? . Morgan NNP jerked VBD his PRP$ head NN toward IN the DT front JJ door NN . . `` `` In IN the DT kitchen NN '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . Leaning VBG his PRP$ Winchester NNP against IN the DT front NN of IN the DT house NN COMMA COMMA he PRP walked VBD to TO the DT girl NN . . `` `` Get VB up RP . . There EX 's VBZ water NN in IN the DT house NN '' '' . . She PRP did VBD n't RB move VB or CC say VB anything NN . . Her PRP$ eyes NNS were VBD glazed VBN as IN if IN she PRP did VBD n't RB hear VB or CC even RB see VB him PRP . . She PRP had VBD reached VBN a DT point NN at IN which WDT she PRP did VBD n't RB even RB care NN how WRB she PRP looked VBD . . Her PRP$ face NN was VBD very RB thin JJ COMMA COMMA and CC burned VBN by IN the DT sun NN until IN much JJ of IN the DT skin NN was VBD dead JJ and CC peeling VBG COMMA COMMA the DT new JJ skin NN under IN it PRP red JJ and CC angry JJ . . Her PRP$ blond NN hair NN was VBD frowzy JJ COMMA COMMA her PRP$ dress NN torn VBN in IN several JJ places NNS COMMA COMMA and CC her PRP$ shoes NNS were VBD so RB completely RB worn VBN out RP that IN they PRP were VBD practically RB no DT protection NN . . It PRP must MD have VB hurt VBN her PRP even RB to TO walk VB COMMA COMMA for IN the DT sole NN was VBD completely RB off IN her PRP$ left JJ foot NN and CC Morgan NNP saw VBD that IN it PRP was VBD bruised VBN and CC bleeding VBG . . He PRP picked VBD her PRP up RP COMMA COMMA sliding VBG one CD hand NN under IN her PRP$ shoulders NNS COMMA COMMA the DT other JJ under IN her PRP$ knees NNS COMMA COMMA and CC carried VBD her PRP into IN the DT house NN . . She PRP was VBD amazingly RB light JJ COMMA COMMA and CC so RB relaxed JJ in IN his PRP$ arms NNS that IN he PRP was VBD n't RB even RB sure JJ she PRP was VBD conscious JJ . . Any DT lingering VBG suspicion NN that IN this DT was VBD a DT trick NN Al NNP Budd NNP had VBD thought VBN up RP was VBD dispelled VBN . . No DT girl NN would MD go VB this DT far RB to TO fool VB a DT man NN so IN she PRP could MD kill VB him PRP . . Besides RB COMMA COMMA she PRP had VBD a DT sweet JJ face NN that WDT attracted VBD him PRP . . He PRP put VBD her PRP down RP on IN the DT couch NN COMMA COMMA and CC going VBG into IN the DT kitchen NN COMMA COMMA saw VBD that IN the DT boy NN had VBD dropped VBN into IN a DT chair NN beside IN the DT table NN . . They PRP looked VBD a DT good JJ deal NN alike JJ COMMA COMMA Morgan NNP thought VBD . . Both DT had VBD blonde JJ hair NN and CC blue JJ eyes NNS COMMA COMMA and CC there EX was VBD even RB a DT faint JJ similarity NN of IN features NNS . . Morgan NNP filled VBD the DT dipper NN from IN the DT water NN bucket NN on IN the DT shelf NN COMMA COMMA went VBD back RB into IN the DT front NN room NN COMMA COMMA lifted VBD the DT girl NN 's POS head NN COMMA COMMA and CC held VBD the DT edge NN of IN the DT dipper NN to TO her PRP$ mouth NN . . She PRP drank VBD greedily RB COMMA COMMA and CC murmured VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Thank VBP you PRP '' '' COMMA COMMA as IN he PRP lowered VBD her PRP$ head NN . . He PRP stood VBD looking VBG down RB at IN her PRP for IN a DT moment NN COMMA COMMA wondering VBG what WP could MD have VB reduced VBN her PRP to TO this DT condition NN . . He PRP had VBD seen VBN a DT few JJ nester NN wagons NNS go VB through IN the DT country NN COMMA COMMA the DT families NNS almost RB starving VBG to TO death NN COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP had VBD never RB seen VBN any DT of IN them PRP on IN foot NN and CC as RB bad RB off JJ as IN these DT two CD . . The DT girl NN dropped VBD off RP to TO sleep NN . . Morgan NNP returned VBD to TO the DT kitchen NN COMMA COMMA built VBD a DT fire NN COMMA COMMA and CC carried VBD in RB several JJ buckets NNS of IN water NN from IN the DT spring NN which WDT he PRP poured VBD into IN the DT copper NN boiler NN that WDT he PRP had VBD placed VBN on IN the DT stove NN . . He PRP brought VBD his PRP$ Winchester NNP in RB from IN the DT front NN of IN the DT house NN COMMA COMMA then RB faced VBD the DT boy NN . . `` `` Who WP are VBP you PRP and CC what WP happened VBD to TO you PRP '' '' ? . He PRP asked VBD . . `` `` I PRP 'm VBP Billy NNP Jones NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT boy NN answered VBD . . `` `` That DT 's VBZ my PRP$ wife NN Sharon NNP . . We PRP ran VBD out RP of IN money NN and CC we PRP have VBP n't RB eaten VBN for IN two CD days NNS '' '' . . `` `` What WP are VBP you PRP doing VBG here RB '' '' ? . `` `` Are VBP we PRP in IN Wyoming NNP '' '' ? . Morgan NNP nodded VBD . . `` `` About RB five CD miles NNS north RB of IN the DT line NN '' '' . . Jones NNP sighed VBD as IN if IN relieved JJ . . `` `` We PRP 've VB been VBN looking VBG for IN work NN COMMA COMMA but CC all PDT the DT ranchers NNS have VB turned VBN us PRP down RP '' '' . . `` `` You PRP mean VB you PRP dragged VBD your PRP$ wife NN all RB over IN hell NN 's POS half-acre NN looking VBG for IN work NN '' '' ? . Morgan NNP demanded VBD . . `` `` The DT town NN of IN Buckhorn NNP 's VBZ only RB about RB six CD miles NNS from IN here RB . . Why WRB did VBD n't RB you PRP go VB there RB '' '' ? . `` `` We PRP did VBD n't RB want VB town NN work NN '' '' COMMA COMMA Jones NNP said VBD . . `` `` This DT is VBZ a DT mighty RB empty JJ country NN '' '' COMMA COMMA Morgan NNP said VBD . . `` `` There EX 's VBZ only RB one NN more RBR ranch NN three CD miles NNS north RB of IN here RB . . You PRP 'd MD have VB starved VBN to TO death NN if IN you PRP 'd VBD missed VBN both DT places NNS '' '' . . `` `` Then RB we PRP 're VBP lucky JJ we PRP got VBD here RB . . Could MD you PRP give VB us PRP a DT job NN COMMA COMMA Mr. NNP '' '' `` `` Morgan NNP . . Dan NNP Morgan NNP '' '' . . He PRP was VBD silent JJ a DT moment NN COMMA COMMA thinking VBG he PRP could MD use VB a DT man NN this DT time NN of IN year NN COMMA COMMA and CC if IN the DT girl NN could MD cook VB COMMA COMMA it PRP would MD give VB him PRP more JJR time NN in IN the DT meadows NNS COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP knew VBD nothing NN about IN the DT couple NN . . They PRP might MD kill VB him PRP in IN his PRP$ sleep NN COMMA COMMA thinking VBG there EX was VBD money NN in IN the DT house NN . . He PRP dismissed VBD the DT possibility NN at IN once RB . . The DT girl NN 's POS thin JJ face NN haunted VBD him PRP . . It PRP was VBD n't RB the DT face NN of IN a DT killer NN . . He PRP was VBD n't RB so RB sure JJ about IN the DT boy NN . . He PRP had VBD n't RB shaved VBN for IN several JJ weeks NNS COMMA COMMA his PRP$ sparse JJ beard NN giving VBG his PRP$ face NN a DT pathetic JJ COMMA COMMA woebegone JJ expression NN . . There EX was VBD more JJR to TO this DT than IN Jones NNP had VBD told VBN him PRP . . They PRP were VBD running VBG from IN something NN . . He PRP 'd MD be VB an DT idiot NN to TO let VB them PRP stay VB he PRP thought VBD COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP could MD n't RB send VB them PRP on RB COMMA COMMA either RB . . `` `` I PRP could MD use VB some DT help NN '' '' COMMA COMMA Morgan NNP said VBD finally RB COMMA COMMA `` `` but CC I PRP can MD n't RB afford VB to TO pay VB you PRP anything NN . . I PRP guess VB you PRP 'd VBD better RB go VB on RB in IN the DT morning NN '' '' . . `` `` We PRP 'll MD work VB for IN our PRP$ keep NN '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT boy NN said VBD eagerly RB . . `` `` I PRP 've VB been VBN mucking VBG in IN a DT mine NN in IN the DT San NNP Juan NNP COMMA COMMA but CC I PRP used VBD to TO work VB on IN a DT ranch NN . . Sharon NNP COMMA COMMA she PRP 's VBZ cooked VBN in IN a DT restaurant NN . . We PRP 'll MD work VB hard RB COMMA COMMA Mr. NNP Morgan NNP '' '' . . `` `` I PRP 'll MD see VB '' '' COMMA COMMA Morgan NNP said VBD . . `` `` Right RB now RB you PRP need VBP a DT meal NN and CC a DT bath NN . . Your PRP$ wife NN 's VBZ in IN terrible JJ shape NN '' '' . . `` `` I PRP know VB '' '' COMMA COMMA Jones NNP said VBD dejectedly RB . . Morgan NNP filled VBD the DT fire NN box NN with IN wood NN again RB COMMA COMMA then RB started VBD supper NN and CC set VBD the DT table NN . . When WRB the DT meal NN was VBD ready JJ COMMA COMMA he PRP told VBD Jones NNP to TO wash VB up RP COMMA COMMA and CC going VBG into IN the DT front NN room NN COMMA COMMA woke VBD the DT girl NN . . He PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP 've VB got VBD some DT supper NN ready JJ '' '' . . She PRP rubbed VBD her PRP$ eyes NNS and CC stretched VBD COMMA COMMA then RB sat VBD up RP COMMA COMMA her PRP$ hands NNS going VBG to TO her PRP$ hair NN . . `` `` I PRP 'm VBP a DT mess NN '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA and CC suddenly RB she PRP was VBD alarmed JJ . . `` `` Who WP are VBP you PRP ? . How WRB did VBD we PRP get VB here RB '' '' ? . `` `` I PRP 'm VBP Dan NNP Morgan NNP . . This DT is VBZ the DT Rafter NNP A[fj] SYM . . You PRP fell VBD down RP in IN front NN of IN the DT house NN COMMA COMMA and CC I PRP carried VBD you PRP in RB . . I PRP gave VBD you PRP a DT drink NN and CC then RB you PRP went VBD to TO sleep NN '' '' . . `` `` Oh UH '' '' . . She PRP stared VBD at IN him PRP COMMA COMMA her PRP$ eyes NNS wide JJ as IN she PRP thought VBD about IN what WP he PRP had VBD said VBD ; : then RB she PRP murmured VBD : : `` `` You PRP 're VBP very RB kind JJ COMMA COMMA Mr. NNP Morgan NNP . . Do VB you PRP take VB in RP all DT the DT strays NNS who WP come VB by RB '' '' ? . `` `` I PRP do VBP n't RB have VB many JJ strays NNS coming VBG to TO my PRP$ front JJ door NN '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . `` `` Think VB you PRP can MD walk VB to TO the DT table NN '' '' ? . `` `` Of IN course NN '' '' . . She PRP got VBD to TO her PRP$ feet NNS COMMA COMMA staggered VBD COMMA COMMA and CC almost RB fell VBD . . He PRP caught VBD her PRP by IN an DT arm NN and CC helped VBD her PRP into IN the DT kitchen NN . . She PRP sat VBD down RP at IN the DT table NN COMMA COMMA shaking VBG her PRP$ head NN . . `` `` I PRP 'm VBP sorry JJ COMMA COMMA Mr. NNP Morgan NNP . . I PRP 'm VBP usually RB a DT very RB strong JJ woman NN COMMA COMMA but CC I PRP 'm VBP awfully RB tired JJ '' '' . . `` `` And CC hungry JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . `` `` Start VB in RP . . It PRP 's VBZ not RB much JJ of IN a DT meal NN COMMA COMMA but CC it PRP 's VBZ what WP I PRP eat VBP '' '' . . `` `` Not RB much JJ of IN a DT meal NN '' '' ? . The DT girl NN cried VBD . . `` `` Mr. NNP Morgan NNP COMMA COMMA it PRP 's VBZ the DT best RB - HYPH looking VBG food NN I PRP ever RB saw VBD '' '' . . He PRP told VBD himself PRP he PRP had VBD never RB seen VBN two CD people NNS eat VB so RB much JJ . . When WRB they PRP were VBD finally RB satisfied JJ COMMA COMMA Jones NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP think VB he PRP 's VBZ going VBG to TO give VB us PRP work VB '' '' . . The DT grateful JJ way NN she PRP looked VBD at IN Morgan NNP made VBD him PRP ashamed JJ of IN himself PRP . . When WRB he PRP saw VBD the DT expression NN in IN her PRP$ eyes NNS COMMA COMMA he PRP knew VBD he PRP could MD n't RB send VB them PRP on RB . . She PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP guess VB the DT Lord NN looks VBZ out RP for IN fools NNS COMMA COMMA drunkards NNS COMMA COMMA and CC innocents NNS '' '' . . Morgan NNP laughed VBD . . `` `` Which WDT are VBP you PRP '' '' ? . `` `` We PRP 're VBP not RB drunkards NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD . . `` `` That DT 's VBZ all DT I PRP 'm VBP sure JJ of IN '' '' . . She PRP helped VBD him PRP with IN the DT dishes NNS COMMA COMMA then RB he PRP brought VBD more JJR water NN in RB from IN the DT spring NN before IN it PRP got VBD dark JJ . . He PRP carried VBD the DT tub NN from IN the DT back NN of IN the DT house NN where WRB it PRP hung VBD from IN a DT nail NN in IN the DT wall NN . . He PRP said VBD : : `` `` You PRP 'll MD feel VB a DT lot NN better JJ after IN you PRP have VB a DT bath NN . . Your PRP$ feet NNS are VBP in IN bad JJ shape NN COMMA COMMA Mrs. NNP Jones NNP . . You PRP 'll MD have VB to TO go VB to TO town NN to TO see VB the DT doc NN '' '' . . `` `` No UH COMMA COMMA she PRP 'll MD be VB all RB right JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA Jones NNP said VBD quickly RB . . `` `` I PRP mean VB COMMA COMMA we PRP do VBP n't RB have VB any DT way NN to TO get VB there RB and CC we PRP can MD n't RB expect VB you PRP to TO quit VB work NN just RB to TO take VB us PRP to TO town NN '' '' . . `` `` We PRP 'll MD see VB '' '' COMMA COMMA Morgan NNP said VBD . . `` `` Could MD you PRP find VB me PRP a DT needle NN and CC thread NN '' '' ? . The DT girl NN asked VBD . . `` `` My PRP$ dress NN needs VBZ some DT work NN on IN it PRP '' '' . . He PRP nodded VBD and CC COMMA COMMA going VBG into IN the DT bedroom NN COMMA COMMA brought VBD a DT needle NN COMMA COMMA thread NN COMMA COMMA and CC scissors NNS . . He PRP said VBD : : `` `` I PRP 'm VBP going VBG to TO bed NN '' '' . . He PRP nodded VBD at IN the DT door NN in IN front NN of IN him PRP . . `` `` That DT 's VBZ my PRP$ spare JJ bedroom NN . . The DT bed NN is VBZ n't RB made VBN COMMA COMMA but CC you PRP 'll MD find VB plenty JJ of IN blankets NNS there RB '' '' . . `` `` You PRP 're VBP awfully RB kind JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT girl NN said VBD . . `` `` We PRP 'll MD pay VB you PRP back RP if IN you PRP 'll MD let VB us PRP . . Some DT way NN '' '' . . `` `` It PRP 's VBZ all RB right JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . `` `` I PRP get VBP up RP early RB . . You PRP 'd VBD better RB sleep VB '' '' . . Jones NNP followed VBD him PRP into IN the DT front NN room NN COMMA COMMA closing VBG the DT door NN behind IN him PRP . . He PRP said VBD : : `` `` If IN it PRP 's VBZ all RB right JJ with IN you PRP COMMA COMMA Mr. NNP Morgan NNP COMMA COMMA I PRP 'll MD sleep VB out RB here RB on IN the DT couch NN . . We PRP have VBP n't RB slept VBN together RB since IN we PRP started VBD . . I PRP just RB can MD n't RB take VB any DT chances NNS on IN getting VBG her PRP$ pregnant JJ COMMA COMMA and CC if IN we PRP were VBD sleeping VBG together RB '' '' He PRP stopped VBD COMMA COMMA embarrassed JJ COMMA COMMA and CC Morgan NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP understand VBP that DT COMMA COMMA but CC I PRP do VBP n't RB savvy VB why WRB you PRP 'd MD go VB off RB and CC leave VB your PRP$ jobs NNS in IN the DT first JJ place NN '' '' . . `` `` We PRP got VBD fired VBN '' '' COMMA COMMA Jones NNP said VBD . . `` `` We PRP had VBD to TO do VB something NN '' '' . . They PRP were VBD a DT pair NN of IN lost VBN COMMA COMMA whipped VBN kids NNS COMMA COMMA Morgan NNP thought VBD as IN he PRP went VBD to TO bed NN . . Gavin NNP paused VBD wearily RB . . `` `` You PRP ca MD n't RB stay VB here RB with IN me PRP . . It PRP 's VBZ late JJ and CC you PRP said VBD they PRP 'd MD be VB here RB by IN dawn NN '' '' . . `` `` You PRP ca MD n't RB make VB me PRP go VB '' '' . . Gavin NNP sank VBD down RB again RB into IN his PRP$ chair NN and CC began VBD to TO rock VB . . He PRP was VBD thinking VBG of IN Rittenhouse NNP and CC how WRB he PRP had VBD left VBN him PRP there RB COMMA COMMA to TO rock VB to TO death NN on IN the DT porch NN of IN the DT Splendide NNP . . It PRP was VBD the DT only JJ thing NN in IN his PRP$ life NN for IN which WDT he PRP felt VBD guilt NN . . Beneath IN his PRP$ black JJ shirt NN his PRP$ frail JJ shoulders NNS shook VBD and CC croaks NNS of IN pain NN broke VBD from IN his PRP$ throat NN COMMA COMMA the DT stored VBN pain NN shattering VBG free JJ in IN slow JJ gasps NNS COMMA COMMA terrible JJ to TO see VB . . Clayton NNP tried VBD to TO call VB back RB the DT face NN of IN the DT man NN he PRP had VBD known VBN . . Against IN that DT other JJ man NN he PRP could MD rally VB his PRP$ anger NN ; : against IN this DT bent JJ man NN in IN the DT chair NN he PRP was VBD powerless JJ . . Gavin NNP 's POS lips NNS moved VBD so IN that IN Clayton NNP had VBD to TO stoop VB to TO catch VB the DT words NNS . . `` `` Do VB you PRP remember VB Big NNP Charlie NNP '' '' ? . He PRP whispered VBD . . `` `` He PRP stuck VBD with IN me PRP all DT these DT years NNS . . Just RB a DT half-breed JJ 'pache NN COMMA COMMA never RB said VBD much JJ COMMA COMMA never RB meant VBD anythin NN to TO me PRP COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP stuck VBD with IN me PRP . . He PRP got VBD into IN a DT fight NN with IN Tom NNP English NNP COMMA COMMA your PRP$ brother NN 's POS son NN . . It PRP was VBD a DT fair JJ fight NN COMMA COMMA the DT boy NN provoked VBD it PRP -- : Big NNP Charlie NNP told VBD me PRP so RB . . I PRP believed VBD him PRP . . They PRP killed VBD Big NNP Charlie NNP COMMA COMMA dumped VBD his PRP$ body NN in IN my PRP$ rose NN garden NN two CD nights NNS ago RB . . My PRP$ men NNS COMMA COMMA they PRP all DT left VBD me PRP . . Just RB cleared VBD out RP . . I PRP did VBD n't RB understand VB why WRB COMMA COMMA Clay NNP . . They PRP just RB all DT cleared VBD out RB . . I PRP treated VBD them PRP fair RB '' '' He PRP wiped VBD his PRP$ lips NNS with IN a DT sleeve NN COMMA COMMA then RB stared VBD at IN Clayton NNP in IN a DT childish JJ kind NN of IN wonder NN . . `` `` Do VB you PRP mean VB '' '' -- : he PRP asked VBD almost RB shyly RB -- : `` `` you PRP want VBP me PRP to TO go VB with IN you PRP COMMA COMMA wherever WRB you PRP 're VBP goin VB '' '' ? . `` `` Yes UH '' '' . . `` `` You PRP do VBP n't RB hate VB me PRP any RB more RBR '' '' ? . Clayton NNP choked VBD COMMA COMMA shook VBD his PRP$ head NN COMMA COMMA murmuring VBG COMMA COMMA `` `` No UH '' '' . . `` `` Come VB here RB '' '' . . The DT old JJ man NN beckoned VBD with IN one CD finger NN and CC Clayton NNP went VBD forward RB to TO him PRP . . Gavin NNP slipped VBD his PRP$ arms NNS around IN his PRP$ chest NN and CC hugged VBD him PRP fiercely RB . . `` `` All PDT my PRP$ life NN '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP tried VBD . . I PRP tried VBD . . I PRP saw VBD you PRP driftin VBG away RB -- : but CC I PRP tried VBD . . And CC you PRP wanted VBD no DT part NN of IN me PRP when WRB I PRP had VBD so RB much JJ to TO give VB . . Now RB there EX 's VBZ nothin NN left VBN of IN me PRP . . Laurel NNP is VBZ gone VBN COMMA COMMA my PRP$ men NNS are VBP gone VBN COMMA COMMA Ed NNP is VBZ dead JJ -- : and CC you PRP come VBP to TO me PRP COMMA COMMA to TO help VB me PRP . . Oh UH ! . God NNP in IN Heaven NNP COMMA COMMA I PRP ca MD n't RB refuse VB you PRP now RB . . That DT would MD mock VB me PRP too RB much RB ! . Ca MD n't RB let VB you PRP go VB way RB from IN me PRP again RB '' '' He PRP closed VBD his PRP$ eyes NNS COMMA COMMA ashamed JJ of IN his PRP$ tears NNS . . `` `` I PRP 'll MD go VB COMMA COMMA Clay NNP '' '' . . Clayton NNP freed VBD himself PRP from IN the DT embrace NN and CC stepped VBD back RB . . The DT eyes NNS followed VBD him PRP fearfully RB . . `` `` The DT horses NNS . . There EX is VBZ n't RB much JJ time NN . . I PRP 'll MD saddle VB the DT horses NNS and CC bring VB them PRP round RB . . You PRP get VB ready JJ '' '' He PRP burst VBD from IN the DT hot JJ confinement NN of IN the DT room NN into IN the DT cold JJ night NN air NN . . Gavin NNP 's POS stallion NN was VBD in IN the DT barn NN and CC he PRP tightened VBD the DT cinches NNS over IN the DT saddle NN blanket NN COMMA COMMA working VBG by IN touch NN in IN the DT darkness NN COMMA COMMA comforting VBG the DT animal NN with IN easy JJ words NNS . . When WRB he PRP had VBD finished VBN he PRP led VBD him PRP and CC the DT mare NN to TO the DT porch NN . . The DT stallion NN had VBD smelled VBN the DT mare NN coming VBG into IN heat NN and CC began VBD to TO paw VB the DT turf NN COMMA COMMA shaking VBG his PRP$ head NN . . Clayton NNP looped VBD the DT reins NNS in IN a DT knot NN over IN the DT veranda NN post NN and CC patted VBD the DT warm JJ flesh NN of IN his PRP$ neck NN . . The DT mare NN had VBD backed VBN away RB . . `` `` You PRP take VB it PRP easy RB COMMA COMMA boy NN '' '' COMMA COMMA Clayton NNP whispered VBD . . `` `` She PRP does VBZ n't RB want VB you PRP now RB . . You PRP take VB it PRP easy RB COMMA COMMA your PRP$ time NN will MD come VB '' '' . . Gavin NNP stood VBD on IN the DT porch NN COMMA COMMA a DT thin JJ figure NN . . He PRP had VBD taken VBN a DT carbine NN down RB from IN the DT wall NN and CC it PRP trailed VBD from IN his PRP$ hand NN COMMA COMMA the DT stock NN bumping VBG on IN the DT wood NN floor NN . . Clayton NNP called VBD to TO him PRP and CC he PRP came VBD slowly RB down IN the DT steps NNS . . `` `` Clay NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` where WRB are VBP we PRP goin VBG '' '' ? . `` `` To TO a DT ranch NN in IN the DT valley NN . . There EX 's VBZ someone NN there RB I PRP have VBP to TO see VB . . We PRP may MD take VB her PRP with IN us PRP -- : to TO California NNP . . I PRP do VBP n't RB know VB yet RB COMMA COMMA it PRP 's VBZ crazy JJ ; : I PRP have VBP to TO think VB about IN it PRP . . But CC California NNP is VBZ where WRB we PRP 're VBP goin VBG '' '' . . `` `` California NNP '' '' . . Gavin NNP began VBD to TO nod VB . . `` `` That DT 's VBZ a DT new JJ land NN . . A DT man NN could MD make VB a DT mark NN there RB . . Two CD men NNS COMMA COMMA together RB like IN us PRP COMMA COMMA we PRP could MD do VB somethin NN fine JJ out RB there RB COMMA COMMA maybe RB find VB a DT place NN where WRB no DT one NN 's VBZ ever RB been VBN . . Start VB out RP fresh JJ COMMA COMMA the DT two CD of IN us PRP COMMA COMMA like IN nothin NN had VBD ever RB happened VBN '' '' . . `` `` Yes UH COMMA COMMA like IN a DT father NN and CC son NN '' '' . . `` `` I PRP made VBD you PRP what WP you PRP are VBP '' '' COMMA COMMA Gavin NNP whispered VBD . . `` `` I PRP made VBD you PRP so IN you PRP could MD stand VB up RP . . I PRP made VBD you PRP a DT man NN '' '' . . `` `` Yes UH COMMA COMMA Gavin NNP COMMA COMMA you PRP did VBD '' '' . . He PRP approached VBD the DT horse NN and CC laid VBD a DT hand NN on IN the DT stallion NN 's POS quivering VBG neck NN . . `` `` Help VB me PRP up RB COMMA COMMA Clay NNP . . Help VB me PRP up RB COMMA COMMA I PRP feel VBP kind NN of IN stiff JJ '' '' . . Clayton NNP lifted VBD him PRP gently RB into IN the DT saddle NN COMMA COMMA like IN a DT child NN . . `` `` I PRP hate VBP to TO leave VB my PRP$ garden NN '' '' COMMA COMMA Gavin NNP said VBD . . `` `` They PRP 'll MD trample VB it PRP down RP . . I PRP loved VBD my PRP$ garden NN '' '' . . `` `` It PRP will MD grow VB again RB -- : in IN California NNP '' '' . . `` `` I PRP loved VBD this DT valley NN '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP whispered VBD huskily RB . . `` `` Lived VBD alone RB here RB for IN three CD years NNS COMMA COMMA before IN any DT man NN came VBD . . Lived VBD alone RB by IN the DT river NN . . It PRP was VBD nice JJ then RB COMMA COMMA so RB peaceful JJ and CC quiet JJ . . There EX was VBD no DT one NN but IN me PRP . . I PRP do VBP n't RB want VB to TO leave VB it PRP '' '' . . Clayton NNP swung VBD into IN the DT saddle NN and CC whacked VBD the DT stallion NN 's POS rump NN . . The DT two CD horses NNS broke VBD from IN the DT yard NN COMMA COMMA from IN the DT circle NN of IN light NN cast VBN by IN the DT lamp NN still RB burning VBG in IN the DT house NN COMMA COMMA into IN the DT darkness NN . . Thirty-five CD they PRP rode VBD at IN a DT measured JJ pace NN through IN the DT valley NN . . Dawn NN would MD come VB soon RB and CC the DT night NN was VBD at IN its PRP$ coldest JJS . . The DT moon NN had VBD sunk VBN below IN the DT black JJ crest NN of IN the DT mountains NNS and CC the DT land NN COMMA COMMA seen VBN through IN eyes NNS that WDT had VBD grown VBN accustomed JJ to TO the DT absence NN of IN light NN COMMA COMMA looked VBD primeval JJ COMMA COMMA as IN if IN no DT man NN had VBD ever RB trespassed VBN before RB . . It PRP looked VBD as IN Gavin NNP had VBD first RB seen VBN it PRP years NNS ago RB COMMA COMMA on IN those DT nights NNS when WRB he PRP slept VBD alone RB by IN his PRP$ campfire NN and CC waked VBD suddenly RB to TO the DT hoot NN of IN an DT owl NN or CC the DT rustle NN of IN a DT blade NN of IN grass NN in IN the DT moon NN 's POS wind NN -- : a DT savage JJ land NN COMMA COMMA untenanted JJ and CC brooding VBG COMMA COMMA too RB strong JJ to TO be VB broken VBN by IN the DT will NN of IN men NNS . . Gavin NNP sighed VBD bitterly RB . . In IN that DT inert JJ landscape NN the DT caravan NN of IN his PRP$ desires NNS passed VBD before IN his PRP$ mind NN . . He PRP saw VBD them PRP ambushed VBN COMMA COMMA strewn VBN in IN the DT postures NNS of IN the DT broken VBN and CC the DT dying VBG . . In IN vain JJ his PRP$ mind NN groped VBD to TO reassemble VB the DT bones NNS of IN the DT relationships NNS he PRP had VBD sought VBN so RB desperately RB COMMA COMMA but CC they PRP would MD not RB come VB to TO life NN . . The DT silence NN oppressed VBD him PRP COMMA COMMA made VBD him PRP bend VB low RB over IN the DT horse NN 's POS neck NN as IN if IN to TO hide VB from IN a DT wind NN that WDT had VBD begun VBN to TO blow VB far RB away RB and CC was VBD twisting VBG slowly RB through IN the DT darkness NN in IN its PRP$ slow JJ search NN . . They PRP passed VBD ranches NNS that WDT were VBD framed VBN dark JJ gray NN against IN the DT black JJ hills NNS . . Then RB at IN last RB the DT darkness NN began VBD to TO dissolve VB . . A DT bold JJ line NN of IN violet NN broke VBD loose JJ from IN the DT high JJ ridge NN of IN the DT mountains NNS COMMA COMMA followed VBN by IN feathers NNS of IN red NN that WDT swept VBD the DT last JJ stars NNS from IN the DT sky NN . . The DT wan JJ light NN spread VBD over IN the DT ground NN and CC the DT valley NN revealed VBD in IN the DT first JJ glimmer NN the DT contours NNS of IN trees NNS and CC fences NNS and CC palely RB shadowed VBN gullies NNS . . They PRP had VBD been VBN seen VBN as RB soon RB as IN they PRP left VBD the DT ranch NN COMMA COMMA picked VBD out IN of IN the DT darkness NN by IN the DT weary JJ though IN watchful JJ eyes NNS of IN two CD men NNS posted VBN a DT few JJ hundred CD yards NNS away RB in IN the DT windless JJ shelter NN of IN the DT trees NNS . . The DT two CD men NNS whipped VBD their PRP$ horses NNS into IN town NN and CC flung VBD themselves PRP up IN the DT steps NNS of IN the DT saloon NN COMMA COMMA crying VBG their PRP$ intelligence NN . . The DT men NNS in IN Pettigrew NNP 's POS were VBD tired JJ from IN a DT night NN 's POS drinking NN COMMA COMMA their PRP$ faces NNS red JJ and CC baggy JJ . . But CC the DT liquor NN had VBD flushed VBN their PRP$ courage NN . . They PRP greeted VBD the DT news NN angrily RB COMMA COMMA as IN though IN they PRP had VBD been VBN cheated VBN of IN purpose NN . . Lester NNP heard VBD their PRP$ muttering NN COMMA COMMA saw VBD their PRP$ eyes NNS reveal VB their PRP$ desire NN . . He PRP worked VBD his PRP$ tongue NN round RB and CC round RB in IN the DT hollow NN of IN his PRP$ cheek NN and CC his PRP$ voice NN came VBD out IN of IN his PRP$ throat NN COMMA COMMA dry JJ and CC cracked VBN . . `` `` He PRP 's VBZ leavin VBG . . That DT 's VBZ what WP you PRP wanted VBD COMMA COMMA is VBZ n't RB it PRP ? . Clayton NNP is VBZ with IN him PRP COMMA COMMA takin VBG him PRP out IN of IN the DT valley NN . . You PRP ca MD n't RB '' '' -- : `` `` Keep VB out IN of IN this DT '' '' COMMA COMMA Purvis NNP snarled VBD . . `` `` He PRP 's VBZ not RB your PRP$ brother NN COMMA COMMA he PRP 's VBZ Gavin NNP 's POS son NN . . You PRP see VBP COMMA COMMA he PRP lied VBD to TO us PRP when WRB he PRP said VBD he PRP was VBD leavin VBG alone RB '' '' . . Joe NNP Purvis NNP was VBD thinking VBG back RB many JJ years NNS . . First RB he PRP thought VBD of IN the DT time NN he PRP had VBD ridden VBN to TO Gavin NNP and CC told VBD him PRP how WRB his PRP$ cattle NNS were VBD being VBG rustled VBN at IN the DT far JJ end NN of IN the DT valley NN . . He PRP remembered VBD Gavin NNP 's POS smirk NN COMMA COMMA his PRP$ own JJ cringing NN feeling NN COMMA COMMA his PRP$ impotence NN . . Then RB he PRP thought VBD of IN a DT time NN when WRB Clayton NNP 's POS horse NN had VBD fallen VBN lame JJ in IN the DT Gap NNP . . His PRP$ wife NN had VBD said VBN to TO him PRP : : `` `` Nellie NNP is VBZ in IN love NN with IN Clayton NNP Roy NNP . . He PRP would MD n't RB even RB dance VB with IN her PRP at IN Gavin NNP 's POS party NN . . He PRP treats VBZ her PRP like IN she PRP was VBD dirt NN . . And CC you PRP stand VBP by RB like IN a DT fool NN and CC let VBP him PRP do VB it PRP '' '' He PRP remembered VBD Clayton NNP 's POS mocking VBG smile NN in IN the DT saloon NN when WRB he PRP had VBD asked VBN him PRP what WP he PRP would MD do VB if IN they PRP brought VBD their PRP$ cattle NNS to TO water NN . . It PRP was VBD the DT night NN Clayton NNP had VBD tricked VBN them PRP in IN the DT poker NN game NN . . `` `` You PRP 're VBP Gavin NNP 's POS son NN '' '' COMMA COMMA Joe NNP Purvis NNP had VBD said VBN . . He PRP turned VBD to TO Lester NNP . . `` `` You PRP brought VBD him PRP back RB to TO this DT valley NN thinkin VBG he PRP would MD help VB you PRP find VB your PRP$ boy NN . . He PRP meant VBD to TO help VB Gavin NNP all PDT the DT time NN . . He PRP made VBD a DT fool NN of IN you PRP COMMA COMMA Lester NNP '' '' . . He PRP swung VBD round RB to TO the DT other JJ men NNS -- : `` `` We PRP can MD catch VB him PRP easy RB ! . There EX are VBP plenty RB of IN fresh JJ horses NNS halfway RB at IN my PRP$ place NN . . If IN we PRP let VBP them PRP go VB COMMA COMMA they PRP wo MD n't RB stay VB away RB COMMA COMMA they PRP 'll MD find VB men NNS to TO ride VB with IN them PRP and CC they PRP 'll MD be VB back RB . . There EX 's VBZ only RB one CD way NN they PRP can MD get VB out RB now RB and CC that DT 's VBZ through IN the DT Gap NNP -- : if IN we PRP ride VBP hard RB we PRP can MD take VB them PRP '' '' . . Lester NNP 's POS hand NN fluttered VBD to TO Cabot NNP 's POS shoulder NN . . The DT boy NN jerked VBD away RB . . `` `` He PRP killed VBD Tom NNP -- : do VBP you PRP understand VB that DT '' '' ? . Cabot NNP turned VBD back RB to TO the DT men NNS and CC he PRP was VBD drunk JJ with IN the DT thing NN they PRP would MD do VB COMMA COMMA wild JJ to TO break VB from IN the DT cloying JJ warmth NN of IN the DT saloon NN into IN the DT cold NN of IN the DT ebbing VBG night NN . . He PRP fled VBD through IN the DT door NN and CC down IN the DT steps NNS COMMA COMMA running VBG COMMA COMMA and CC the DT men NNS grunted VBD and CC followed VBD COMMA COMMA pushing VBG Lester NNP to TO one CD side NN where WRB he PRP backed VBD against IN the DT wall NN with IN the DT sleeve NN of IN his PRP$ jacket NN raised VBN before IN his PRP$ eyes NNS to TO shut VB out RP the DT light NN . . Purvis NNP and CC Silas NNP Pettigrew NNP were VBD the DT last JJ to TO leave VB . . They PRP mounted VBD up RP and CC rode VBD slowly RB behind IN the DT others NNS at IN a DT safe JJ distance NN . . Thirty-six CD in IN the DT cold JJ dawn NN the DT mist NN swirled VBD low RB to TO the DT ground NN COMMA COMMA then RB rose VBD with IN a DT gust NN of IN sudden JJ wind NN to TO leave VB the DT valley NN clear JJ . . The DT clouds NNS parted VBD and CC hard JJ gashes NNS of IN sunlight NN swooped VBD down RB to TO stain VB the DT earth NN with IN streaks NNS of IN white JJ and CC gold JJ light NN so IN that IN the DT shadows NNS of IN the DT running VBG horses NNS flowed VBD like IN dark JJ streams NNS over IN the DT dazzling JJ snow NN . . When WRB they PRP turned VBD in IN the DT saddle NN they PRP could MD see VB the DT men NNS behind IN them PRP COMMA COMMA strung VBN out RP on IN the DT prairie NN in IN a DT flat JJ black JJ line NN . . The DT wind NN of IN their PRP$ running NN was VBD cold JJ and CC wild JJ COMMA COMMA the DT horses NNS were VBD lathered VBN and CC their PRP$ manes NNS streamed VBD like IN stiff JJ black JJ pennants NNS in IN the DT wind NN . . The DT mare NN began VBD to TO tire VB and CC Clayton NNP felt VBD the DT spray NN of IN snow NN from IN the DT hoofs NNS of IN Gavin NNP 's POS stallion NN . . He PRP looked VBD over IN his PRP$ shoulder NN at IN the DT thin JJ dotting NN of IN pursuers NNS . . They PRP neither CC gained VBD nor CC fell VBD back RB . . He PRP rode VBD low JJ on IN the DT mare NN 's POS neck NN . . Ahead RB of IN him PRP Gavin NNP turned VBD slightly RB off IN the DT trail NN and CC pointed VBD for IN the DT Gap NNP COMMA COMMA no RB more RBR than IN a DT mile NN away RB . . Gavin NNP 's POS face NN was VBD bloodless JJ with IN excitement NN . . He PRP did VBD not RB look VB back RB ; : he PRP could MD feel VB more RBR than IN hear VB the DT staccato NN beat NN of IN hoofs NNS that WDT fanned VBD out RP across IN the DT prairie NN to TO the DT north NN . . He PRP knew VBD who WP was VBD riding VBG after IN him PRP -- : the DT men NNS he PRP had VBD known VBN all PDT his PRP$ life NN COMMA COMMA the DT men NNS who WP had VBD worked VBN for IN him PRP COMMA COMMA sworn VBN their PRP$ loyalty NN to TO him PRP . . Now RB they PRP were VBD riding VBG to TO kill VB him PRP . . And CC he PRP was VBD fleeing VBG COMMA COMMA running VBG -- : fleeing VBG his PRP$ death NN and CC his PRP$ life NN at IN the DT same JJ time NN . . The DT land NN over IN which WDT he PRP sped VBD was VBD the DT land NN he PRP had VBD created VBN and CC lived VBN in IN : : his PRP$ valley NN . . With IN every DT leaping VBG stride NN of IN the DT horse NN beneath IN him PRP he PRP crossed VBD one CD more JJR patch NN of IN earth NN that WDT had VBD been VBN his PRP COMMA COMMA that WDT he PRP would MD never RB see VB again RB . . The DT Gap NNP looming VBG before IN him PRP -- : the DT place NN where WRB had VBD confronted VBN Jack NNP English NNP on IN that DT day NN so RB many JJ years NNS ago RB -- : was VBD his PRP$ exit NN from IN all DT that WDT had VBD meaning NN to TO him PRP . . California NNP is VBZ too RB far RB COMMA COMMA he PRP thought VBD . . He PRP would MD never RB reach VB California NNP . . He PRP was VBD too RB old JJ -- : when WRB he PRP passed VBD up IN and CC through IN the DT corridor NN of IN pines NNS that WDT lined VBD the DT trail NN he PRP could MD see VB ahead RB COMMA COMMA he PRP was VBD passing VBG from IN life NN . . The DT sentry NN was VBD not RB dead JJ . . He PRP was VBD COMMA COMMA in IN fact NN COMMA COMMA showing VBG signs NNS of IN reviving VBG . . He PRP had VBD been VBN carrying VBG an DT Enfield NNP rifle NN and CC a DT holstered JJ navy JJ cap NN - HYPH and CC - HYPH ball NN pistol NN . . A DT bayonet NN hung VBD in IN a DT belt NN scabbard NN . . He PRP was VBD partially RB uniformed VBN in IN a DT cavalry NN tunic NN and CC hat NN . . Mike NNP stripped VBD these DT from IN him PRP and CC donned VBD them PRP . . He PRP and CC Dean NNP tied VBD and CC gagged VBD the DT man NN COMMA COMMA using VBG his PRP$ belt NN and CC shirt NN for IN the DT purpose NN . . They PRP dragged VBD him PRP inside IN the DT building NN . . Fiske NNP joined VBD them PRP COMMA COMMA unsteady JJ on IN his PRP$ feet NNS . . Julia NNP COMMA COMMA seeing VBG the DT bandage NN COMMA COMMA rushed VBD to TO him PRP . . `` `` You PRP are VBP hurt JJ '' '' ! . She PRP breathed VBD . . `` `` I PRP never RB felt VBD better JJ in IN my PRP$ life NN '' '' COMMA COMMA Fiske NNP blustered VBD . . He PRP turned VBD to TO Susan NNP and CC kissed VBD her PRP on IN the DT cheek NN . . `` `` Thank VBP you PRP COMMA COMMA My PRP$ dear NN '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . `` `` You PRP are VBP very RB brave JJ '' '' . . Mike NNP silenced VBD them PRP . . `` `` We PRP 'll MD talk VB later RB . . First RB COMMA COMMA we PRP 've VBP got VBN to TO get VB out IN of IN here RB '' '' . . `` `` We PRP 'll MD grab VB horses NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA Dean NNP said VBD . . `` `` The DT main JJ bunch NN is VBZ outside RB COMMA COMMA but CC there EX are VBP some DT over RB there RB inside IN the DT wall NN '' '' . . Mike NNP debated VBD it PRP COMMA COMMA trying VBG to TO decide VB whether IN Fiske NNP was VBD strong JJ enough RB to TO ride VB . . But CC it PRP at IN least JJS offered VBD him PRP a DT chance NN for IN living VBG . . He PRP had VBD none NN here RB . . And CC COMMA COMMA for IN the DT sake NN of IN Julia NNP and CC Susan NNP COMMA COMMA it PRP had VBD to TO be VB tried VBN . . The DT guerrilla NN bivouac NN remained VBD silent JJ . . Light NN showed VBD in IN the DT orderly JJ room NN across IN the DT parade NN ground NN . . Someone NN evidently RB was VBD on IN duty NN there RB . . No DT doubt NN there EX would MD be VB men NNS guarding VBG the DT horses NNS . . About RB a DT dozen NN animals NNS were VBD held VBN inside IN the DT stockade NN COMMA COMMA as RB best RBS Mike NNP could MD make VB out RP in IN the DT moonlight NN . . Evidently RB this DT was VBD a DT precaution NN so IN that IN mounts NNS would MD be VB available JJ in IN an DT emergency NN . . He PRP handed VBD the DT guard NN 's POS rifle NN to TO Fiske NNP . . `` `` Dean NNP and CC myself PRP will MD try VB to TO cut VB out RP horses NNS to TO ride VB '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . `` `` We PRP 'll MD stampede VB the DT rest NN . . You PRP stay VBP with IN the DT ladies NNS . . All DT of IN you PRP be VB ready JJ to TO ride VB hell NN for IN leather NN '' '' . . He PRP added VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` If IN this DT does VBZ n't RB work VB out RP COMMA COMMA the DT three CD of IN you PRP barricade VB yourself PRP in IN the DT house NN and CC talk VB terms NNS with IN them PRP '' '' . . He PRP handed VBD the DT bayonet NN to TO Dean NNP and CC kept VBD the DT pistol NN . . Susan NNP halted VBD Dean NNP and CC kissed VBD him PRP . . She PRP clung VBD to TO him PRP COMMA COMMA talking VBG to TO him PRP COMMA COMMA and CC dabbing VBG at IN her PRP$ eyes NNS . . Mike NNP turned VBD away RB . . He PRP was VBD thinking VBG that IN the DT way NN she PRP had VBD responded VBN to TO his PRP$ own JJ kiss NN had VBD n't RB meant VBN what WP he PRP had VBD believed VBN it PRP had VBD . . He PRP felt VBD unutterably RB weary JJ . . Dean NNP turned VBD from IN Susan NNP and CC took VBD Julia NNP Fortune NNP in IN his PRP$ arms NNS . . He PRP kissed VBD her PRP also RB COMMA COMMA and CC with IN deep JJ tenderness NN . . She PRP too RB began VBD to TO weep VB . . He PRP released VBD her PRP and CC joined VBD Mike NNP . . `` `` All RB right JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . Mike NNP only RB said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Later RB '' '' . . `` `` Be VB careful JJ COMMA COMMA McLish NNP '' '' ! . Susan NNP said VBD fiercely RB . . `` `` The DT way NN you PRP were VBD careful JJ '' '' ? . He PRP snorted VBD . . `` `` Running VBG around RB in IN the DT moonlight NN almost RB naked JJ and CC slugging VBG a DT man NN with IN a DT rock NN '' '' ? . He PRP kept VBD going VBG . . He PRP wanted VBD no DT more JJR sentimental JJ scenes NNS with IN her PRP . . He PRP might MD say VB or CC do VB something NN foolish JJ . . Something NN all DT of IN them PRP would MD regret VB . . He PRP might MD tell VB her PRP how WRB sorry JJ a DT spectacle NN she PRP was VBD making VBG of IN herself PRP COMMA COMMA pretending VBG to TO be VB blind JJ to TO the DT way NN Julia NNP Fortune NNP had VBD taken VBN Dean NNP 's POS affections NNS from IN her PRP . . And CC using VBG him PRP COMMA COMMA Mike NNP McLish NNP COMMA COMMA as IN a DT sop NN to TO her PRP$ pride NN . . He PRP handed VBD the DT bayonet NN to TO Dean NNP and CC kept VBD the DT pistol NN . . `` `` Stay VB well RB back RB of IN me PRP '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . `` `` I PRP 'm VBP going VBG to TO walk VB up IN to TO the DT horses NNS COMMA COMMA bold JJ as IN brass NN COMMA COMMA pretending VBG I PRP 'm VBP one CD of IN the DT guerrillas NNS . . There EX 's VBZ bound JJ to TO be VB someone NN on IN guard NN COMMA COMMA but CC the DT hat NN might MD fool VB them PRP long RB enough RB for IN me PRP to TO get VB close RB '' '' . . Holding VBG the DT pistol NN concealed VBN COMMA COMMA he PRP walked VBD to TO the DT rear JJ wall NN of IN the DT stockade NN . . It PRP was VBD pierced VBN by IN a DT wagon NN gate NN built VBN of IN two CD wings NNS . . One CD wing NN stood VBD open JJ . . Mike NNP passed VBD through IN it PRP and CC moved VBD toward IN the DT dark JJ mass NN of IN horses NNS . . They PRP were VBD tethered VBN COMMA COMMA army NN style NN COMMA COMMA on IN stable JJ lines NNS . . A DT voice NN spoke VBD near RB - HYPH at IN - HYPH hand NN . . `` `` Who WP 's VBZ that DT '' '' ? . Just RB me PRP '' '' COMMA COMMA Mike NNP said VBD . . `` `` Is VBZ that IN you PRP COMMA COMMA Bill NNP '' '' ? . He PRP located VBD his PRP$ man NN . . The DT guard NN stood VBD in IN the DT shadow NN of IN the DT stockade NN wall NN just RB out IN of IN reach NN of IN the DT moonlight NN . . Mike NNP kept VBD walking VBG and CC got VBD within IN arm NN 's POS reach NN before IN the DT man NN became VBD suspicious JJ and CC straightened VBN from IN his PRP$ lax JJ slouch NN . . Mike NNP struck VBD with IN the DT muzzle NN of IN the DT pistol NN . . But CC the DT luck NN that WDT had VBD been VBN running VBG their PRP$ way NN left VBD him PRP . . The DT guard NN instinctively RB parried VBD the DT blow NN with IN his PRP$ rifle NN . . He PRP tried VBD to TO veer VB the DT rifle NN around RB to TO fire NN into IN Mike NNP 's POS body NN . . Mike NNP COMMA COMMA off IN balance NN COMMA COMMA managed VBD to TO bat VB the DT muzzle NN away RB a DT moment NN before IN it PRP exploded VBD . . The DT bullet NN went VBD wide RB . . Mike NNP swung VBD the DT pistol NN in IN a DT savage JJ backlash NN . . This DT time NN it PRP connected VBD solidly RB on IN the DT man NN 's POS temple NN COMMA COMMA felling VBG him PRP . . The DT explosion NN of IN the DT rifle NN had VBD crashed VBN against IN the DT walls NNS of IN the DT stockade NN and CC the DT deep JJ echoes NNS were VBD still RB rolling VBG in IN the DT hills NNS . . The DT startled VBN horses NNS began VBD rearing VBG on IN their PRP$ tethers NNS . . Dean NNP came VBD rushing VBG up RB . . `` `` Are VBP you PRP hit VBN '' '' ? . He PRP demanded VBD . . `` `` No UH COMMA COMMA but CC the DT fat NN 's VBZ in IN the DT fire NN '' '' ! . Mike NNP said VBD . . `` `` There EX 's VBZ no DT chance NN now RB of IN all DT of IN us PRP getting VBG away RB . . You PRP 'll MD have VB to TO try VB it PRP alone RB '' '' . . The DT sentry NN 's POS saddled VBN horse NN stood VBD picketed VBN nearby RB COMMA COMMA having VBG been VBN kept VBN handy JJ in IN case NN of IN need NN . . Mike NNP took VBD the DT bayonet NN from IN Dean NNP 's POS hand NN and CC slashed VBD the DT picket NN line NN . . `` `` Up RB you PRP go VBP '' '' ! . He PRP said VBD . . `` `` Ride VB '' '' ! . Dean NNP resisted VBD Mike NNP 's POS attempt NN to TO push VB him PRP toward IN the DT horse NN . . `` `` Why WRB not RB you PRP '' '' ? . He PRP protested VBD . . `` `` Dammit UH '' '' ! . Mike NNP said VBD frantically RB . . `` `` You PRP 're VBP lighter JJR than IN me PRP . . It PRP 's VBZ our PRP$ only JJ chance NN now RB . . Try VB to TO find VB these DT Feds NNPS . . The DT rest NN of IN us PRP can MD fort VB up RP in IN the DT house NN and CC hang VB on RP until IN you PRP get VBP back RB . . You PRP 're VBP the DT one NN that WDT 's VBZ taking VBG the DT big JJ chance NN '' '' . . Dean NNP still RB hesitated VBD COMMA COMMA but CC Mike NNP lifted VBD him PRP almost RB bodily RB into IN the DT saddle NN and CC thrust VBD the DT reins NNS in IN his PRP$ hand NN . . `` `` No DT telling NN how WRB good JJ this DT horse NN is VBZ '' '' COMMA COMMA Mike NNP panted VBD . . `` `` Favor VB him PRP and CC save VB something NN in IN case NN you PRP hit VBP trouble NN . . Watch VB out RP for IN Apaches NNPS when WRB it PRP comes VBZ daylight NN . . Take VB the DT pistol NN . . You PRP might MD need VB it PRP . . We PRP 'll MD still RB have VB the DT rifle NN COMMA COMMA and CC I PRP might MD be VB able JJ to TO round VB up RP some DT more JJR . . I PRP 'll MD stampede VB the DT rest NN of IN these DT horses NNS so IN they PRP ca MD n't RB chase VB you PRP '' '' . . Dean NNP leaned VBD from IN the DT saddle NN and CC gave VBD him PRP a DT mighty JJ whack NN on IN the DT back NN . . `` `` McLish NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD as IN he PRP kicked VBD the DT horse NN into IN motion NN COMMA COMMA `` `` I PRP 'd MD be VB a DT mighty RB sad JJ man NN if IN we PRP never RB met VBD again RB '' '' . . Then RB he PRP was VBD on IN his PRP$ way NN at IN a DT gallop NN . . Mike NNP ran VBD down IN the DT line NN COMMA COMMA slashing VBG picket NN ropes NNS with IN the DT bayonet NN . . He PRP lifted VBD a DT screeching VBG war NN whoop NN . . That DT touched VBD off RP a DT total JJ stampede NN . . He PRP darted VBD inside IN the DT stockade NN and CC freed VBD the DT horses NNS there RB . . These DT poured VBD through IN the DT gate NN and CC joined VBD the DT flight NN . . The DT animals NNS thundered VBD away RB into IN the DT moonlight NN COMMA COMMA heading VBG for IN the DT ridges NNS . . The DT guerrillas NNS were VBD swarming VBG from IN their PRP$ bivouac NN at IN the DT west JJ end NN of IN the DT enclosure NN . . `` `` Apaches NNPS '' '' ! . Mike NNP yelled VBD . . `` `` They PRP 're VBP stealin' VBG the DT stock NN '' '' ! . He PRP scuttled VBD in IN shadow NN along IN the DT east JJ wall NN of IN the DT stockade NN and CC then RB followed VBD the DT south JJ wall NN until IN he PRP was VBD at IN the DT rear NN of IN the DT two CD frame NN buildings NNS . . He PRP crouched VBD there RB . . His PRP$ shout NN had VBD been VBN taken VBN up RP and CC repeated VBN . . The DT guerrillas NNS were VBD running VBG across IN the DT parade NN ground NN and CC through IN the DT rear JJ gate NN in IN the DT wake NN of IN the DT departing VBG horses NNS . . All DT were VBD carrying VBG guns NNS they PRP had VBD seized VBN up RP COMMA COMMA but CC they PRP were VBD half RB - HYPH clad VBN or CC hardly RB clad VBN at IN all DT . . Durkin NNP and CC Calhoun NNP came VBD running VBG from IN the DT post NN . . They PRP had VBD pistols NNS in IN their PRP$ hands NNS . . They PRP bawled VBD questions NNS that WDT were VBD not RB answered VBN in IN the DT uproar NN . . They PRP followed VBD the DT others NNS toward IN the DT east JJ gate NN . . Beyond IN the DT stockade NN rifles NNS began VBD to TO explode VB as IN some DT of IN the DT guerrillas NNS fired VBD at IN shadows NNS that WDT they PRP imagined VBD were VBD Apaches NNPS . . Mike NNP made VBD a DT dash NN to TO the DT rear NN of IN the DT frame NN buildings NNS . . He PRP crawled VBD beneath IN the DT two CD supply NN wagons NNS which WDT stood VBD between IN the DT buildings NNS and CC peered VBD around IN a DT corner NN . . The DT area NN was VBD deserted VBN . . A DT man NN was VBD standing VBG in IN the DT open JJ door NN of IN the DT lighted VBN orderly NN room NN a DT few JJ yards NNS to TO Mike NNP 's POS left NN COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP COMMA COMMA too RB COMMA COMMA suddenly RB made VBD up RP his PRP$ mind NN and CC went VBD racing VBG to TO join VB the DT confused JJ activity NN at IN the DT east JJ end NN of IN the DT stockade NN . . Mike NNP crawled VBD to TO the DT door NN and CC peered VBD in RB . . The DT orderly NN room NN seemed VBD to TO be VB deserted VBN . . A DT lantern NN hung VBD from IN a DT peg NN COMMA COMMA giving VBG light NN . . Ducking VBG inside RB COMMA COMMA he PRP found VBD that IN three CD rifles NNS were VBD stacked VBN in IN a DT corner NN . . A DT brace NN of IN pistols NNS COMMA COMMA holstered VBN on IN belts NNS COMMA COMMA hung VBD from IN a DT peg NN COMMA COMMA along IN with IN ammunition NN pouches NNS . . An DT ammunition NN case NN stood VBD open JJ COMMA COMMA containing VBG canisters NNS which WDT contained VBD powder NN cartridges NNS . . Mike NNP seized VBD a DT blanket NN from IN a DT pallet NN in IN a DT corner NN COMMA COMMA spread VBD it PRP on IN the DT floor NN and CC used VBD it PRP to TO form VB a DT bag NN in IN which WDT he PRP placed VBD his PRP$ booty NN . . Shouldering VBG the DT load NN he PRP peered VBD from IN the DT door NN . . His PRP$ looting NN of IN the DT orderly NN room NN had VBD taken VBN only RB a DT minute NN or CC two CD and CC the DT vicinity NN was VBD still RB clear JJ of IN guerrillas NNS . . He PRP looked VBD at IN the DT looming VBG hoods NNS of IN the DT supply NN wagons NNS COMMA COMMA struck VBN by IN a DT new JJ inspiration NN . . He PRP set VBD his PRP$ bundle NN down RP . . Snatching VBG the DT lantern NN from IN its PRP$ peg NN COMMA COMMA he PRP shattered VBD its PRP$ globe NN with IN a DT blow NN against IN a DT post NN . . He PRP picked VBD up RP the DT powder NN canister NN and CC ran VBD out RB . . Bursting VBG paper NN cartridges NNS COMMA COMMA he PRP scattered VBD powder NN beneath IN the DT nearest JJS wagon NN and CC dumped VBD the DT contents NNS of IN the DT canister NN upon IN it PRP . . He PRP shouldered VBD the DT blanket NN again RB COMMA COMMA backed VBD off RB COMMA COMMA and CC tossed VBD the DT lantern NN with IN its PRP$ open JJ wick NN beneath IN the DT wagon NN . . He PRP turned VBD and CC raced VBD across IN the DT parade NN ground NN toward IN the DT rock NN house NN . . Powder NN flame NN gushed VBD beneath IN the DT wagon NN . . The DT stockade NN was VBD brilliantly RB lighted VBN and CC the DT guerrillas NNS sighted VBD him PRP . . They PRP realized VBD the DT truth NN . . Bullets NNS began VBD to TO snap VB past IN him PRP . . One CD struck VBD the DT muzzle NN of IN one CD of IN the DT rifles NNS that WDT projected VBD from IN the DT shoulder NN pack NN . . Its PRP$ force NN spun VBD him PRP around RB COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP recovered VBD and CC got VBD into IN stride NN again RB . . A DT bullet NN tore VBD the DT earth NN from IN beneath IN his PRP$ foot NN when WRB he PRP was VBD a DT stride NN or CC two CD from IN safety NN . . Another DT struck VBD him PRP heavily RB in IN the DT thigh NN and CC he PRP went VBD down RB . . Guerrillas NNS were VBD racing VBG toward IN him PRP . . Susan NNP and CC Julia NNP came VBD from IN the DT door NN and CC dragged VBD him PRP with IN them PRP . . The DT three CD of IN them PRP floundered VBD through IN the DT door NN into IN the DT interior NN and CC fell VBD in IN a DT heap NN . . Susan NNP bounced VBD to TO her PRP$ feet NNS and CC slammed VBD the DT door NN . . She PRP crouched VBD aside RB as IN bullets NNS beat VBD at IN the DT portal NN COMMA COMMA chewing VBG into IN the DT planks NNS . . Some DT tore VBD entirely RB through IN the DT whipsawed VBN post NN oak NN . . The DT iron NN hinges NNS held VBD COMMA COMMA but CC the DT planks NNS were VBD in IN danger NN of IN being VBG torn VBN from IN the DT crossbars NNS . . Mike NNP rolled VBD to TO Susan NNP COMMA COMMA grasped VBD her PRP around IN the DT knees NNS COMMA COMMA dragging VBG her PRP off IN her PRP$ feet NNS . . He PRP hovered VBD over IN her PRP to TO shield VB her PRP COMMA COMMA for IN spent VBN bullets NNS were VBD thudding VBG against IN the DT rear JJ walls NNS . . He PRP peered VBD from IN a DT loophole NN . . Guerrillas NNS were VBD only RB a DT dozen NN yards NNS away RB COMMA COMMA charging VBG the DT house NN . . Mike NNP snatched VBD a DT pistol NN from IN the DT heap NN of IN scattered VBN booty NN and CC fired VBD . . He PRP dropped VBD a DT man NN with IN the DT first JJ bullet NN . . At IN the DT same JJ moment NN Wheeler NNP Fiske NNP fired VBD the DT rifle NN Mike NNP had VBD given VBN him PRP and CC another DT guerrilla NN was VBD hit VBN . . That DT halted VBD the DT rush NN . . The DT guerrillas NNS scattered VBD for IN cover NN . . The DT wagons NNS were VBD burning VBG fiercely RB . . The DT mudwagon NN had VBD caught VBN fire NN also RB . . The DT blaze NN was VBD spreading VBG to TO the DT frame NN buildings NNS . . The DT guerrillas NNS realized VBD they PRP faced VBD a DT new JJ problem NN . . `` `` Gawdamighty UH '' '' ! . One CD screeched VBD . . `` `` There RB goes VBZ our PRP$ grub NN an' CC ammunition NN '' '' ! . `` `` Get VB a DT bucket NN line NN going VBG '' '' ! . Calhoun NNP shouted VBD . . `` `` Hurry VB ! . Hurry VB '' '' ! . The DT guerrillas NNS began VBD a DT frantic JJ search NN for IN pails NNS in IN which WDT to TO bring VB water NN from IN the DT spring NN . . But CC what WDT few JJ containers NNS they PRP found VBD were VBD inadequate JJ . . Many JJ of IN them PRP COMMA COMMA in IN increasing VBG panic NN COMMA COMMA came VBD running VBG with IN water NN in IN their PRP$ hats NNS in IN a DT ludicrous JJ effort NN . . Both DT buildings NNS were VBD in IN flames NNS . . The DT heat NN drove VBD the DT guerrillas NNS back RB . . The DT roof NN of IN the DT command NN post NN began VBD to TO buckle VB . . `` `` Drag VB the DT wagons NNS to TO the DT spring NN '' '' ! . Lew NNP Durkin NNP yelled VBD . . `` `` Run VB 'em PRP right RB into IN the DT spring NN ! . Hustle VB '' '' ! . One CD of IN the DT wagons NNS erupted VBD a DT massive JJ pillar NN of IN flame NN . . A DT sizable JJ supply NN of IN powder NN had VBD been VBN touched VBN off RP . . The DT wagons NNS and CC the DT coach NN were VBD beyond IN saving NN and CC so RB were VBD the DT buildings NNS . . The DT glow NN of IN the DT fire NN reached VBD through IN the DT openings NNS in IN the DT windows NNS COMMA COMMA giving VBG light NN enough RB to TO examine VB Mike NNP 's POS wound NN . . The DT bullet NN had VBD torn VBN through IN the DT flesh NN just RB above IN the DT knee NN COMMA COMMA inflicting VBG an DT ugly JJ gash NN that WDT was VBD forming VBG a DT pool NN of IN blood NN on IN the DT floor NN . . But CC it PRP had VBD missed VBN the DT bone NN and CC had VBD passed VBN on RB through RB . . Susan NNP and CC Julia NNP ripped VBD strips NNS from IN their PRP$ clothing NN and CC bound VBD the DT injury NN . . Mike NNP tested VBD the DT leg NN and CC found VBD that IN he PRP was VBD able JJ to TO hobble VB around RB on IN it PRP . . `` `` Thrifty JJ of IN her PRP to TO use VB it PRP up RP . . Unusual JJ in IN a DT case NN like IN this DT COMMA COMMA but CC '' '' -- : `` `` You PRP can MD joke VB ! . Did VBD n't RB you PRP read VB it PRP ? . She PRP 's VBZ married VBN that DT tenant NN ! . '' '' `` `` I PRP read VBD it PRP COMMA COMMA yes UH . . This DT ought MD to TO simplify VB Tolley NNP 's POS life NN '' '' . . Laban NNP had VBD more JJR to TO say VB . . Tolley NNP had VBD gone VBN to TO live VB in IN California NNP . . He PRP 'd VBD mentioned VBD it PRP COMMA COMMA himself PRP COMMA COMMA at IN church NN and CC everybody NN seemed VBD to TO have VB the DT idea NN that IN Tolley NNP had VBD left VBN because IN Jenny NNP had VBD jilted VBN him PRP for IN Roy NNP Robards NNP . . `` `` It PRP was VBD plain JJ as IN the DT nose NN on IN your PRP$ face NN that IN they PRP 're VBP laughing VBG about IN it PRP COMMA COMMA Mamma NNP . . Zion NNP stayed VBD to TO get VB my PRP$ pin NN COMMA COMMA but CC it PRP 'll MD be VB a DT cold JJ day NN in IN June NNP when WRB I PRP go VBP back RB '' '' . . `` `` We PRP will MD both DT go VB back RB COMMA COMMA Laban NNP '' '' ! . Kizzie NNP turned VBD to TO go VB inside RB . . `` `` Let VB me PRP stay VB and CC take VB the DT pictures NNS you PRP wanted VBD COMMA COMMA Mamma NNP . . The DT sun NN 's POS right JJ '' '' -- : `` `` Pictures NNS '' '' ? . She PRP swung VBD around RB . . `` `` What WDT pictures NNS '' '' ? . `` `` In IN Brace NNP 's POS room NN ! . You PRP told VBD me PRP to TO bring VB my PRP$ camera NN . . I PRP 'm VBP not RB going VBG back RB '' '' -- : `` `` Indeed RB you PRP are VBP ! . Why WRB should MD I PRP want VB pictures NNS of IN an DT empty JJ room NN now RB ? . Tolley NNP had VBD no DT idea NN of IN marrying VBG that DT sneaky JJ little JJ Jenny NNP ! . This DT -- : trip NN of IN his PRP$ had VBD nothing NN to TO do VB with IN her PRP$ consorting VBG with IN tenants NNS COMMA COMMA and CC I PRP am VBP going VBG to TO see VB that IN everybody NN at IN Mt. NNP Pleasant NNP understands VBZ that DT simple JJ fact NN . . Wait VB for IN me PRP COMMA COMMA Laban NNP COMMA COMMA I PRP 'll MD be VB dressed VBN in IN half PDT a DT second NN '' '' ! . Frank NNP followed VBD her PRP into IN the DT bedroom NN COMMA COMMA hooked VBD her PRP$ dress NN up IN the DT back NN . . `` `` Hurry VB COMMA COMMA Frank NNP ! . They PRP 're VBP not RB going VBG to TO laugh VB at IN the DT Fairbrothers NNP and CC Labans NNP very RB long RB ! . Tolley NNP 's POS going NN is VBZ my PRP$ fault NN . . I PRP drove VBD him PRP away RB . . You PRP know VBP it PRP and CC I PRP 'll MD tell VB everybody NN exactly RB how WRB it PRP happened VBD '' '' . . She PRP was VBD so RB beautiful JJ COMMA COMMA so RB valiant JJ COMMA COMMA so RB pitiable JJ . . He PRP kissed VBD her PRP . . `` `` Make VB your PRP$ confession NN to TO God NNP COMMA COMMA Kizzie NNP dear NN COMMA COMMA not RB to TO the DT congregation NN '' '' . . `` `` I PRP 'll MD decide VB that DT when WRB I PRP get VBP there RB . . I PRP was VBD so RB cruel JJ to TO Tolley NNP COMMA COMMA so RB unfair JJ . . But CC I PRP 'll MD be VB fair JJ now RB ! . He PRP is VBZ coming VBG back RB COMMA COMMA is VBZ n't RB he PRP COMMA COMMA Frank NNP '' '' ? . Yes UH COMMA COMMA oh UH yes UH . . What WP else RB was VBD there EX to TO say VB ? . Returning VBG to TO the DT log NN - HYPH house NN he PRP found VBD some DT favorite JJ lines NNS from IN Jonathan NNP Swift NNP on IN his PRP$ lips NNS : : `` `` Under IN the DT window NN in IN stormy JJ weather NN I PRP marry VBP this DT man NN and CC woman NN together RB . . Let VB none NN but IN Him PRP who WP rules VBZ the DT thunder NN Put VBD this DT man NN and CC woman NN asunder RB '' '' . . Absolution NN for IN his PRP$ lie NN ? . He PRP questioned VBD God NNP 's POS taking VBG time NN to TO telegraph VB the DT message NN COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP felt VBD better RB about IN Kizzie NNP COMMA COMMA and CC he PRP took VBD the DT sealed VBN envelope NN from IN its PRP$ pigeonhole NN COMMA COMMA wondering VBG why WRB he PRP had VBD preserved VBN it PRP . . If IN he PRP died VBD before IN she PRP did VBD COMMA COMMA she PRP would MD never RB be VB unable JJ to TO resist VB opening VBG it PRP . . In IN any DT case NN he PRP would MD be VB thrusting VBG a DT burden NN on IN his PRP$ remaining VBG sons NNS COMMA COMMA making VBG them PRP parties NNS to TO a DT deception NN peculiarly RB his PRP$ own JJ . . It PRP was VBD simply RB his PRP$ necessity NN to TO confess VB which WDT had VBD made VBN him PRP write VB and CC keep VB this DT thing NN . . `` `` You PRP 've VBP told VBN God NNP COMMA COMMA Frank NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP said VBD . . `` `` Why WRB lacerate VB the DT -- : congregation NN '' '' ? . Reaching VBG for IN an DT old JJ clay NN pot NN COMMA COMMA relic NN of IN pioneer NN days NNS COMMA COMMA he PRP tore VBD the DT envelope NN in IN pieces NNS COMMA COMMA dropping VBG them PRP into IN it PRP COMMA COMMA touching VBG the DT little JJ pyre NN to TO flame NN COMMA COMMA watching VBG it PRP curl VB COMMA COMMA the DT red JJ sealing NN wax NN melting VBG and CC bubbling VBG in IN the DT feathery JJ ash NN . . Surely RB now RB his PRP$ beloved JJ son NN could MD rest VB in IN peace NN . . `` `` ' '' And CC let VB me PRP go VB COMMA COMMA for IN the DT night NN gathers VBZ me PRP COMMA COMMA and CC in IN the DT night NN shall MD no DT man NN gather VB fruit NN ' '' '' '' . . A DT beautiful JJ and CC haunting JJ line NN COMMA COMMA a DT subtle JJ genius NN COMMA COMMA Swinburne NNP COMMA COMMA difficult JJ not RB to TO envy VB a DT gifted JJ man NN COMMA COMMA and CC perhaps RB he PRP did VBD . . But CC there EX were VBD great JJ satisfactions NNS COMMA COMMA even RB for IN a DT small JJ man NN . . Beyond IN his PRP$ window NN were VBD the DT greening JJ trees NNS COMMA COMMA new JJ spring NN COMMA COMMA eternal JJ hope NN COMMA COMMA eternal JJ life NN . . There EX lay VBD Grand NNP Fair NNP 's POS Quinzaine NNP COMMA COMMA his PRP$ own JJ young JJ parents NNS ' POS graves NNS COMMA COMMA but CC new JJ life NN and CC promise NN for IN his PRP$ sons NNS COMMA COMMA grandsons NNS . . He PRP poured VBD his PRP$ thimble NN of IN wine NN for IN the DT toast NN he PRP 'd VBD made VBN so RB often RB . . `` `` To TO absent JJ loved VBN ones NNS '' '' . . But CC this DT last JJ time NN he PRP drank VBD not RB to TO Brace NNP but CC `` `` To TO Tolley NNP '' '' ! . Mr. NNP Robards NNP -- : Jenny NNP was VBD the DT only JJ person NN she PRP knew VBD of IN in IN the DT Mt. NNP Pleasant NNP neighborhood NN who WP called VBD him PRP that DT -- : was VBD kind JJ but CC too RB easygoing JJ . . It PRP did VBD n't RB bother VB him PRP for IN everybody NN from IN the DT blacksmith NN to TO the DT preacher NN to TO say VB COMMA COMMA `` `` Howdy UH COMMA COMMA Miss NNP Jenny NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA adding VBG a DT careless JJ `` `` Roy NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA but CC it PRP did VBD her PRP . . He PRP could MD put VB a DT stop NN to TO it PRP COMMA COMMA she PRP told VBD him PRP again RB and CC again RB . . Simply RB call VB Mr. NNP Whipsnade NNP Oscar NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Dr. NNP Dunne NNP P.GA NNP COMMA COMMA and CC C'un NNP Major NNP Frank NNP . . Mr. NNP Robards NNP laughed VBD COMMA COMMA said VBD he PRP 'd MD feel VB a DT damn JJ fool NN COMMA COMMA plain-out RB could MD n't RB do VB that DT even RB to TO please VB her PRP . . `` `` You PRP could MD try VB . . And CC if IN I PRP ever RB hear VBP you PRP say VBP ' '' Mist NNP Laban NNP ' '' again RB I PRP 'll MD scream VB . . And CC do VB n't RB tell VB me PRP you PRP did VBD n't RB at IN church NN Sunday NNP . . I PRP heard VBD you PRP '' '' ! . He PRP really RB had VBD n't RB meant VBN to TO COMMA COMMA he PRP assured VBD her PRP COMMA COMMA but CC it PRP was VBD plain JJ to TO her PRP that IN the DT importance NN of IN these DT small JJ things NNS was VBD lost VBN on IN Mr. NNP Robards NNP . . How WRB strange JJ it PRP was VBD that IN he PRP could MD give VB her PRP this DT handsome JJ house NN and CC carte NN blanche NN as IN to TO its PRP$ beautiful JJ furnishings NNS COMMA COMMA and CC fail VB her PRP in IN -- : spiritual JJ ways NNS . . Another DT weakness NN -- : far RB more RBR irritating JJ than IN his PRP$ manner NN of IN speaking NN COMMA COMMA which WDT he PRP made VBD only JJ token NN effort NN to TO change VB -- : was VBD his PRP$ devotion NN to TO that DT old JJ horse NN of IN Tolley NNP 's POS . . Her PRP$ horse NN COMMA COMMA rather RB . . But CC Mr. NNP Robards NNP ' POS now RB COMMA COMMA oh UH my UH yes UH COMMA COMMA indeed RB COMMA COMMA yes UH ! . He PRP called VBD her PRP `` `` the DT Mare NNP '' '' much RB as IN Mrs. NNP Whipsnade NNP spoke VBD of IN `` `` the DT Queen NNP COMMA COMMA God NNP bless VB her PRP '' '' . . He PRP COMMA COMMA with IN fifteen CD or CC twenty CD horses NNS or CC mares NNS or CC geldings NNS or CC what-nots NNS out RB there RB in IN the DT barn NN COMMA COMMA was VBD reverent JJ only RB of IN `` `` the DT Mare NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA `` `` the DT Racin' NNP Mare NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA the DT revolting JJ Gunny NNP . . For IN the DT first JJ few JJ months NNS of IN their PRP$ marriage NN she PRP had VBD tried VBN to TO be VB nice JJ about IN Gunny NNP COMMA COMMA going VBG out RB with IN him PRP to TO watch VB this DT pearl NN without IN price NN stamp VB imperiously RB around RB in IN her PRP$ stall NN . . And CC what WP had VBD happened VBN ? . Gunny NNP invariably RB tried VBD to TO bite VB her PRP . . Nerves NNS COMMA COMMA Mr. NNP Robards NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA just RB a DT nip NN anyway RB . . `` `` Stand VB back RB COMMA COMMA Miss NNP Jen NNP COMMA COMMA she PRP 's VBZ oneasy NN of IN your PRP$ scarf NN '' '' . . Never RB COMMA COMMA `` `` Quit VB that DT COMMA COMMA you PRP sor'l NN devil NN '' '' ! . Never RB concern NN for IN his PRP$ wife NN 's POS nerves NNS COMMA COMMA or CC the DT danger NN that IN the DT curled VBN lip NN and CC big JJ teeth NNS might MD mark VB their PRP$ own JJ dear JJ baby NN due NN in IN January NNP . . She PRP mus MD n't RB annoy VB Gunny NNP whose WP$ foal NN was VBD due JJ then RB too RB ! . Listening VBG for IN hours NNS to TO his PRP$ laments NNS that IN the DT war NN and CC `` `` Mist NNP Fair NNP 's POS '' '' poverty NN afterwards RB had VBD robbed VBN the DT mare NN of IN many PDT a DT racing NN triumph NN COMMA COMMA and CC to TO his PRP$ predictions NNS of IN greatness NN for IN the DT procession NN of IN foals NNS to TO come VB COMMA COMMA Jenny NNP could MD look VB forward RB to TO years NNS of IN conflict NN with IN an DT animal NN who WP disliked VBD her PRP intensely RB and CC showed VBD it PRP . . Gunny NNP symbolized VBD so RB much JJ that WDT was VBD unpleasant JJ -- : Tolley NNP COMMA COMMA the DT indifference NN with IN which WDT the DT Fairbrothers NNPS and CC indeed RB the DT whole JJ neighborhood NN now RB treated VBD her PRP and CC which WDT she PRP would MD die VB rather RB than IN acknowledge VB to TO her PRP husband NN COMMA COMMA his PRP$ lack NN of IN understanding NN and CC sympathy NN in IN her PRP$ present JJ condition NN COMMA COMMA her PRP$ disgusting JJ swollen JJ stomach NN . . Human NN birth NN was VBD no DT novelty NN to TO Mr. NNP Robards NNP . . Tillie NNP was VBD a DT fine JJ midwife NN and CC could MD get VB here RB quick RB COMMA COMMA he PRP suggested VBD . . Jenny NNP 's POS aversion NN to TO having VBG Dr. NNP Dunne NNP COMMA COMMA a DT former JJ admirer NN COMMA COMMA seemed VBD silly JJ to TO him PRP COMMA COMMA but CC he PRP would MD humor VB her PRP COMMA COMMA get VB anybody NN she PRP wanted VBD COMMA COMMA the DT best JJS never RB being VBG too RB good JJ for IN her PRP . . The DT chances NNS were VBD against IN his PRP$ being VBG here RB to TO humor VB her PRP when WRB her PRP$ time NN came VBD COMMA COMMA she PRP was VBD sure JJ . . He PRP would MD be VB in IN the DT barn NN COMMA COMMA or CC riding VBG for IN the DT veterinarian NN ! . Night NN after IN night NN he PRP stayed VBD with IN Gunny NNP in IN the DT dead NN of IN winter NN COMMA COMMA rubbing VBG her PRP with IN quarts NNS of IN expensive JJ liniment NN COMMA COMMA fussing VBG over IN her PRP$ bran NN mash NN as IN the DT cook NN did VBD over IN charlotte NN russe NN COMMA COMMA tracking VBG manure NN on IN the DT pretty RB new JJ carpet NN when WRB he PRP did VBD come VBN to TO the DT house NN . . Yet CC when WRB the DT dear JJ baby NN came VBD COMMA COMMA he PRP had VBD Tillie NNP over RB here RB in IN a DT jiffy NN COMMA COMMA and CC was VBD as RB attentive JJ and CC sweet JJ and CC worried JJ and CC happy JJ when WRB it PRP was VBD all DT over RB as IN any DT husband NN could MD have VB been VBN . . Jenny NNP wished VBD now RB that IN she PRP had VBD had VBN Dr. NNP Dunne NNP COMMA COMMA feeling VBG that IN somehow RB he PRP would MD n't RB have VB allowed VBN the DT dear JJ baby NN to TO turn VB into IN triplets NNS . . There EX was VBD something NN not RB nice JJ about IN triplets NNS COMMA COMMA though IN their PRP$ father NN seemed VBD pleased JJ COMMA COMMA showing VBG no DT disappointment NN that IN they PRP had VBD n't RB been VBN the DT son NN he PRP wanted VBD COMMA COMMA saying VBG COMMA COMMA `` `` You PRP do VBP n't RB see VB triplets NNS trippin' VBG down IN the DT pike NN ever' RB day NN COMMA COMMA Miss NNP Jen NNP COMMA COMMA hon NN . . Rhyme VB 'em PRP up RP cute RB -- : Arcilla NNP COMMA COMMA Flotilla NNP '' '' Edmonia NN for IN her PRP$ mother NN COMMA COMMA she PRP said VBD firmly RB COMMA COMMA Jennifer NNP COMMA COMMA for IN herself PRP COMMA COMMA and CC -- : `` `` Kezziah NNP COMMA COMMA for IN Miss NNP Kizzie NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP suggested VBD . . `` `` She PRP was VBD mighty RB good JJ to TO you PRP past JJ times NNS COMMA COMMA an' CC this DT 'll MD fetch VB her PRP '' '' . . Now UH she PRP must MD be VB thinking VBG of IN a DT boy NN - HYPH name NN COMMA COMMA something NN special JJ . . Just RB wait VB till IN she PRP saw VBD the DT Mare NNP 's POS foal NN . . Handsomest JJS colt NN in IN all DT Kentucky NNP . . Strong JJ too RB COMMA COMMA up IN on IN his PRP$ legs NNS when WRB he PRP was VBD an DT hour NN old JJ . . What WP about IN Royal NNP Robards NNP ? . `` `` Why WRB do VBP n't RB you PRP name VB him PRP Jesus NNP Christ NNP ! . '' '' She PRP burst VBD into IN tears NNS . . Roy NNP was VBD deeply RB distressed VBN . . He PRP 'd VBD had VBN no DT idea NN how WRB unhappy JJ his PRP$ sweet JJ peach NN had VBD been VBN . . Of IN course NN she PRP was VBD n't RB herself PRP right RB now RB COMMA COMMA but CC as IN her PRP$ strength NN came VBD back RB her PRP$ spirits NNS did VBD n't RB seem VB to TO rise VB with IN it PRP . . He PRP had VBD a DT good JJ idea NN why WRB not RB . . Those DT elegant JJ `` `` At NNP Home NNP '' '' cards NNS she PRP sent VBD out RB COMMA COMMA now RB she PRP could MD wear VB her PRP pretty JJ clothes NNS again RB COMMA COMMA and CC had VBD the DT house NN all RB trimmed VBN up RP COMMA COMMA had VBD n't RB brought VBN many JJ callers NNS in IN two CD whole JJ months NNS . . Doc NNP Dunne NNP and CC Miss NNP Sis NNP had VBD come VBN . . So RB had VBD Miss NNP Shawnee NNP Rakestraw NNP COMMA COMMA full JJ of IN criticisms NNS about IN the DT changes NNS here RB COMMA COMMA giving VBG thanks NNS that IN her PRP$ dear JJ old JJ father NN had VBD gone VBN to TO his PRP$ Heavenly NNP Rest NNP last JJ year NN COMMA COMMA saying VBG how WRB much RB she PRP enjoyed VBD her PRP boarding VBG house NN in IN town NN in IN inclement JJ weather NN COMMA COMMA was VBD looking VBG forward RB to TO Quinzaine NNP Spa NNP this DT summer NN . . There EX was VBD an DT idea NN . . Miss NNP Kizzie NNP had VBD been VBN right RB snippy JJ ever RB since IN they PRP were VBD married VBN COMMA COMMA though IN you PRP 'd MD have VB thought VBD a DT namesake NN would MD have VB brought VBN her PRP round RP . . Oh UH COMMA COMMA she PRP 'd VBD come VBN to TO see VB them PRP once RB COMMA COMMA left VBD silver JJ teething NN rings NNS for IN all DT of IN the DT trips NNS . . But CC when WRB Miss NNP Jen NNP went VBD over RB right RB away RB to TO return VB the DT call NN COMMA COMMA Miss NNP Kiz NNP could MD n't RB have VB been VBN very RB cordial JJ COMMA COMMA for IN she PRP 'd VBD come VBN back RB before IN she PRP hardly RB had VBD time NN to TO get VB there RB . . More RBR and CC more RBR COMMA COMMA these DT days NNS COMMA COMMA she PRP 'd VBD been VBN driving VBG that DT pretty JJ little JJ mare NN that WDT looked VBD like IN her PRP COMMA COMMA over RB to TO Tillie NNP 's POS and CC Nick NNP 's POS -- : his PRP$ own JJ old JJ square JJ frame NN box NN on IN posts NNS COMMA COMMA chickens NNS and CC cats NNS and CC pups NNS under IN the DT house NN COMMA COMMA everybody NN friendly JJ inside RB COMMA COMMA making VBG a DT to-do NN over IN the DT babies NNS dressed VBN like IN dollies NNS . . Though IN he PRP was VBD glad JJ she PRP got VBD on RP well RB with IN his PRP$ young JJ folks NNS COMMA COMMA she PRP ought MD to TO be VB welcome JJ at IN the DT finest JJS house NN in IN the DT land NN COMMA COMMA too RB . . It PRP made VBD him PRP pretty RB hot JJ under IN the DT collar NN COMMA COMMA after IN the DT idea NN Miss NNP Sis NNP had VBD given VBN him PRP COMMA COMMA to TO be VB told VBN by IN Miss NNP Kiz NNP that IN her PRP$ holy JJ spa NN was VBD all RB reserved VBN for IN this DT summer NN and CC next JJ COMMA COMMA if IN you PRP please VBP COMMA COMMA and CC that IN much RB as IN she PRP regretted VBD it PRP COMMA COMMA they PRP would MD be VB unable JJ to TO entertain VB Mrs. NNP Robards NNP and CC the DT children NNS . . She PRP hoped VBD they PRP were VBD well JJ . . He PRP did VBD n't RB tell VB Miss NNP Jen NNP COMMA COMMA but CC she PRP must MD have VB got VBN word NN from IN the DT cook NN or CC nurse NN COMMA COMMA who WP of IN course NN knew VBD those DT Quinzaine NNP nigs NNS COMMA COMMA and CC she PRP really RB took VBD a DT fit NN . . If IN he PRP ever RB did VBD such PDT a DT thing NN again RB she PRP 'd MD die VB of IN shame NN . . `` `` Have VB a DT party NN an' CC leave VB 'em PRP out RP COMMA COMMA hon NN '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP suggested VBD . . `` `` A DT swell JJ party NN COMMA COMMA send VB an DT invite NN to TO ever'body NN but IN them PRP -- : those DT folks NNS you PRP met VBD at IN the DT Galt NNP House NNP COMMA COMMA the DT ones NNS I PRP 've VBP got VBN to TO know VB in IN this DT new JJ Jockey NNP Club NNP affair NN COMMA COMMA the DT whole JJ dang JJ neighborhood NN . . We PRP 'll MD have VB oystchers NNS -- : couple NN bar'l NN oystchers NNS 'll MD fetch VB in RB a DT crowd NN any DT time NN . . I PRP 'll MD see VB word NN gets VBZ round RB '' '' . . `` `` Do VB n't RB you PRP dare VB ! . '' '' Miss NNP Jen NNP was VBD funny JJ that IN way NN COMMA COMMA funny JJ that IN she PRP did VBD n't RB seem VB to TO take VB to TO his PRP$ ideas NNS and CC perk VB up RP . . He PRP was VBD downright RB worried JJ about IN her PRP COMMA COMMA but CC there EX was VBD one CD more JJR thing NN he PRP could MD try VB . . Zion NNP was VBD surprised VBN when WRB Roy NNP 's POS buggy NN stopped VBD beside IN her PRP on IN the DT pike NN one CD early JJ summer NN day NN as IN she PRP was VBD walking VBG home RB from IN the DT country NN school NN where WRB she PRP was VBD teaching VBG now RB that IN Eph NNP Showers NNP had VBD had VBN a DT call NN to TO preach VB in IN some DT mountain NN town NN . . Roy NNP smiled VBD -- : he PRP did VBD have VB a DT nice JJ smile NN -- : took VBD off RP his PRP$ hat NN most RBS politely RB COMMA COMMA told VBD her PRP to TO hop VB in RB COMMA COMMA and CC he PRP 'd MD give VB her PRP a DT lift NN to TO Quinzaine NNP . . Her PRP$ hesitation NN was VBD only RB momentary JJ and CC she PRP hoped VBD he PRP did VBD n't RB notice VB it PRP COMMA COMMA as IN she PRP settled VBD herself PRP COMMA COMMA asked VBD quickly RB how WRB Miss NNP Jenny NNP and CC the DT babies NNS were VBD getting VBG on RP . . `` `` See VB for IN yourself PRP COMMA COMMA Miss NNP Zion NNP . . It PRP will MD n't RB take VB a DT minute NN '' '' . . He PRP swung VBD in RP through IN his PRP$ own JJ wide JJ gateway NN . . `` `` Them PRP 's VBZ the DT purtiest JJS babes NNS you PRP ever RB did VBD see VB COMMA COMMA but CC Miss NNP Jen NNP gets VBZ mighty RB lonesome JJ . . She PRP 'll MD relish VB the DT sight NN of IN a DT friendly JJ face NN . . Miss NNP Kiz NNP will MD n't RB care VB your PRP comin' VBG COMMA COMMA will MD she PRP '' '' ? . `` `` Why WRB of IN course NN not RB '' '' COMMA COMMA Zion NNP said VBD uncomfortably RB . . It PRP was VBD among IN these DT that WDT Hinkle NNP identified VBD a DT photograph NN of IN Barco NNP ! . For CC it PRP seems VBZ that IN Barco NNP COMMA COMMA fancying VBG himself PRP a DT ladies NNS ' POS man NN ( ( and CC why WRB not RB COMMA COMMA after IN seven CD marriages NNS ? . ) ) COMMA COMMA had VBD listed VBN himself PRP for IN Mormon NNP Beard NNP roles NNS at IN the DT instigation NN of IN his PRP$ fourth JJ murder NN victim NN who WP had VBD said VBN : : `` `` With IN your PRP$ beard NN COMMA COMMA dear JJ COMMA COMMA you PRP ought MD to TO be VB in IN movies NNS '' '' ! . Mills NNP secured VBD Barco NNP 's POS photograph NN from IN the DT gentleman NN in IN charge NN COMMA COMMA rushed VBD to TO the DT Hollywood NNP police NN station NN to TO report VB the DT theft NN COMMA COMMA and CC less JJR than IN five CD minutes NNS later RB COMMA COMMA detectives NNS with IN his PRP$ picture NN in IN hand NN were VBD on IN the DT trail NN of IN Cal NNP Barco NNP . . On IN their PRP$ way NN COMMA COMMA they PRP stopped VBD at IN every DT gas NN station NN along IN the DT main JJ boulevards NNS to TO question VB the DT attendants NNS . . Finally RB COMMA COMMA at IN Ye NNP Olde NNP Gasse NNP Filling NNP Station NNP on IN Avocado NNP Avenue NNP COMMA COMMA they PRP learned VBD that IN their PRP$ man NN COMMA COMMA having VBG paused VBN to TO get VB oil NN for IN his PRP$ car NN COMMA COMMA had VBD asked VBN about IN the DT route NN to TO San NNP Diego NNP . . They PRP headed VBD in IN that DT direction NN and CC COMMA COMMA at IN San NNP Juan NNP Capistrano NNP By-the-Sea NNP came VBD upon IN Barco NNP sitting VBG in IN the DT quaint JJ old JJ Spanish NNP Mission NNP Drive-in NNP COMMA COMMA eating VBG a DT hot JJ tamale NN . . At IN the DT moment NN COMMA COMMA Barco NNP 's POS back NN was VBD to TO the DT road NN so CC he PRP did VBD n't RB see VB the DT detectives NNS close VB in RP on IN his PRP$ convertible NN which WDT COMMA COMMA in IN their PRP$ quest NN for IN the DT stolen JJ lap NN rug NN COMMA COMMA they PRP proceeded VBD to TO search VB . . The DT robe NN COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA was VBD missing VBG COMMA COMMA for IN by IN that DT time NN Barco NNP had VBD disposed VBN of IN it PRP at IN a DT pawnshop NN in IN Glendale NN . . The DT detectives NNS placed VBD Barco NNP under IN arrest NN and CC COMMA COMMA without IN informing VBG him PRP of IN the DT nature NN of IN the DT charge NN COMMA COMMA took VBD him PRP back RB to TO Hollywood NNP for IN questioning NN . . Thus RB it PRP was VBD that WDT Barco NNP COMMA COMMA apprehended VBN for IN mere JJ larceny NN COMMA COMMA now RB began VBD to TO suspect VB that IN one CD or CC another DT of IN his PRP$ murders NNS had VBD been VBN uncovered VBN . . During IN the DT return NN trip NN COMMA COMMA Barco NNP kept VBD muttering VBG to TO himself PRP in IN meaningless JJ phrases NNS COMMA COMMA such IN as IN : : `` `` They PRP 're VBP under IN sand NN dunes NNS They PRP 're VBP better JJ off RP COMMA COMMA I PRP tell VBP you PRP I PRP saved VBD their PRP$ souls NNS '' '' . . The DT detective NN COMMA COMMA commenting VBG on IN Barco NNP 's POS behavior NN COMMA COMMA felt VBD that IN he PRP merely RB belonged VBD among IN the DT myriad JJ citizens NNS of IN our PRP$ community NN who WP are VBP mentally RB unhinged JJ -- : that IN he PRP was VBD a DT more RBR or CC less RBR harmless JJ `` `` nut NN '' '' ! . However RB while IN in IN his PRP$ cell NN awaiting VBG trial NN for IN theft NN COMMA COMMA Barco NNP COMMA COMMA in IN a DT fit NN of IN apprehension NN COMMA COMMA made VBD an DT attempt NN to TO take VB his PRP$ own JJ life NN . . The DT attempt NN had VBD failed VBN because IN COMMA COMMA when WRB endeavoring VBG to TO cut VB his PRP$ wrists NNS COMMA COMMA this DT murderer NN of IN seven CD women NNS had VBD fainted VBN at IN the DT sight NN of IN blood NN . . The DT jail NN authorities NNS -- : attaching VBG no DT particular JJ significance NN to TO the DT episode NN -- : offered VBD Barco NNP whisky NN to TO revive VB him PRP ; : but CC the DT old JJ fellow NN COMMA COMMA a DT lifelong JJ teetotaler NN COMMA COMMA refused VBD it PRP COMMA COMMA and CC no DT more JJR was VBD thought VBN of IN the DT matter NN . . Then RB it PRP was VBD that WDT District NNP Attorney NNP Welch NNP entered VBD the DT case NN . . A DT man NN of IN vaulting VBG ambition NN COMMA COMMA with IN one CD eye NN on IN the DT mayorship NN of IN Los NNP Angeles NNP COMMA COMMA nothing NN ever RB escaped VBD him PRP which WDT might MD possibly RB lead VB to TO personal JJ publicity NN . . It PRP was VBD reported VBN to TO Welch NNP 's POS office NN that IN a DT thief NN in IN the DT city NN jail NN had VBD attempted VBN suicide NN . . Welch NNP wanted VBD to TO know VB why WRB . . No DT one NN knew VBD . . Now UH Welch NNP had VBD a DT pet JJ theory NN that IN everyone NN is VBZ guilty JJ of IN breaking VBG more JJR laws NNS than IN he PRP ever RB gets VBZ caught VBN at IN . . The DT suicide NN attempt NN looked VBD to TO him PRP like IN an DT opportunity NN to TO put VB his PRP$ theory NN to TO the DT test NN . . So CC he PRP paid VBD a DT call NN on IN Barco NNP in IN his PRP$ cell NN and CC began VBD their PRP$ chat NN by IN stating VBG bluntly RB : : `` `` Barco NNP COMMA COMMA we PRP 've VBP got VBN the DT goods NNS on IN you PRP ! . It PRP 'll MD be VB a DT lot NN better JJR if IN you PRP come VBP clean JJ '' '' . . At IN first JJ Barco NNP was VBD evasive JJ and CC shifty JJ . . But CC with IN Welch NNP 's POS relentless JJ pursuit NN of IN the DT subject NN COMMA COMMA Barco NNP finally RB `` `` broke VBD '' '' and CC started VBD confessing VBG to TO one CD murder NN after IN another DT . . By IN the DT time NN Barco NNP reached VBD the DT count NN of IN three CD COMMA COMMA the DT situation NN seemed VBD to TO Welch NNP almost RB too RB good JJ to TO be VB true JJ . . But CC if IN true JJ COMMA COMMA it PRP was VBD the DT case NN of IN which WDT he PRP had VBD dreamed VBN COMMA COMMA the DT case NN which WDT would MD throw VB him PRP into IN headlines NNS all RB over IN America NNP as IN the DT hero NN of IN a DT great JJ murder NN trial NN . . Welch NNP summoned VBD jail NN officials NNS to TO Barco NNP 's POS cell NN . . But CC to TO Welch NNP 's POS chagrin NN COMMA COMMA the DT police NN captain NN pooh-poohed VBD Welch NNP 's POS credulity NN in IN Barco NNP 's POS confession NN . . Barco NNP was VBD clearly RB a DT `` `` nut NN '' '' . . It PRP required VBD strength NN COMMA COMMA bravado NN COMMA COMMA daring NN to TO commit VB murder NN . . `` `` That DT worm NN a DT murderer NN ? . Ridiculous JJ '' '' ! . Then RB COMMA COMMA for IN the DT first JJ time NN since IN his PRP$ arrest NN COMMA COMMA a DT glint NN of IN spirit NN lit VBD Barco NNP 's POS eyes NNS . . His PRP$ manhood NN had VBD been VBN attacked VBN . . He PRP stiffened VBD and CC rose VBD to TO his PRP$ feet NNS . . He PRP 'd MD show VB them PRP ! . `` `` Is VBZ that DT so RB '' '' ? . He PRP queried VBD . . `` `` Well UH COMMA COMMA for IN ten CD years NNS I PRP 've VB been VBN murdering VBG women NNS . . I PRP can MD lead VB you PRP to TO every DT one CD of IN the DT bodies NNS COMMA COMMA and CC there EX ai VB n't RB four CD COMMA COMMA nor CC five CD COMMA COMMA nor CC six CD of IN 'em PRP -- : there EX 's VBZ seven CD ! . '' '' The DT next JJ day NN the DT police NN captain NN COMMA COMMA in IN derision NN COMMA COMMA organized VBD what WP he PRP termed VBD `` `` Welch NNP 's POS Wild NNP Goose NNP Chase NNP '' '' . . For IN indeed RB it PRP seemed VBD incredible JJ that IN anyone NN could MD go VB on RP committing VBG murder NN for IN ten CD years NNS and CC not RB get VB caught VBN at IN it PRP COMMA COMMA even RB in IN Hollywood NNP . . The DT searching VBG party NN consisted VBD of IN the DT police NN captain NN COMMA COMMA Welch NNP COMMA COMMA Barco NNP COMMA COMMA policemen NNS with IN shovels NNS COMMA COMMA newspaper NN reporters NNS COMMA COMMA and CC cameramen NNS . . Barco NNP COMMA COMMA his PRP$ state NN of IN apprehension NN gone VBN COMMA COMMA never RB to TO return VB COMMA COMMA had VBD assumed VBN a DT matter-of-factness NN which WDT remained VBD his PRP$ principal JJ attitude NN from IN that DT time NN on RB . . He PRP directed VBD the DT cortege NN of IN autos NNS to TO the DT sand NN dunes NNS near IN Santa NNP Monica NNP . . Stopping VBG the DT cars NNS at IN a DT fork NN in IN the DT road NN COMMA COMMA he PRP got VBD out RB COMMA COMMA paced VBD off RP a DT certain JJ distance NN to TO a DT spot NN between IN two CD shrub NN - HYPH covered VBN sand NN hills NNS COMMA COMMA and CC indicated VBD a DT location NN . . Orders NNS were VBD given VBN to TO dig VB . . Nothing NN was VBD found VBN . . Welch NNP was VBD worried JJ . . The DT police NN captain NN chortled VBD . . The DT newspaper NN boys NNS cracked VBD jokes NNS and CC again RB Barco NNP 's POS pride NN was VBD aroused VBN . . With IN greater JJR precision NN he PRP again RB paced VBD off RP a DT location NN COMMA COMMA this DT time NN a DT little JJ more RBR to TO the DT left JJ . . With IN quibs NNS and CC gibes NNS COMMA COMMA the DT policemen NNS again RB started VBD digging VBG . . Welch NNP was VBD on IN edge NN . . The DT captain NN was VBD remarking VBG that IN it PRP was VBD a DT nice JJ day NN for IN a DT picnic NN when WRB finally RB one CD of IN the DT shovels NNS struck VBD an DT object NN . . `` `` There EX 's VBZ something NN here RB '' '' ! . Said VBD the DT digger NN . . Joking NN stopped VBD and CC everyone NN gathered VBD around RB . . The DT digger NN COMMA COMMA thrusting VBG about RP with IN his PRP$ shovel NN COMMA COMMA now RB raised VBD into IN view NN a DT package NN crudely RB wrapped VBN in IN one CD of IN the DT murderer NN 's POS Hollywood NNP sport NN shirts NNS . . Although IN it PRP was VBD a DT mere JJ fragment NN of IN the DT victim NN 's POS remains NNS COMMA COMMA it PRP was VBD enough JJ . . Welch NNP was VBD wild JJ with IN delight NN . . His PRP$ elation NN grew VBD as IN Barco NNP 's POS seven CD disclosures NNS brought VBD to TO light NN one CD reward NN after IN another DT . . Now RB did VBD Welch NNP truly RB become VB the DT man NN of IN the DT hour NN COMMA COMMA and CC everything NN that WDT followed VBD in IN the DT procedure NN of IN Justice NNP was VBD a DT new JJ triumph NN for IN him PRP . . It PRP went VBD to TO his PRP$ head NN COMMA COMMA and CC his PRP$ ambition NN increased VBD . . It PRP was VBD apparent JJ that IN Welch NNP was VBD in IN cahoots NNS with IN Marshall NNP and CC would MD use VB his PRP$ power NN as IN D.A. NNP to TO drag VB every DT possible JJ sensation NN into IN the DT case NN . . Every DT new JJ scandal NN which WDT would MD provide VB more JJR `` `` copy NN '' '' for IN Marshall NNP 's POS pen NN would MD thus RB mean VB more JJR publicity NN for IN Welch NNP . . I PRP knew VBD that IN both PDT these DT cynics NNS were VBD waiting VBG with IN impatience NN for IN the DT dramatic JJ moment NN when WRB Viola NNP was VBD called VBN to TO the DT stand NN . . Once IN there RB COMMA COMMA the DT D.A. NNP with IN devilish JJ cleverness NN would MD provide VB Marshall NNP with IN headlines NNS : : `` `` Viola NNP 's POS Multiple NNP Romances NNP '' '' `` `` Viola NNP Lake NNP an DT Addict NNP '' '' `` `` Downfall NNP of IN Another NNP Film NNP Idol NNP '' '' ! . It PRP would MD be VB fine JJ publicity NN for IN the DT man NN who WP was VBD willing JJ to TO walk VB to TO the DT mayor NN 's POS throne NN over IN the DT broken JJ reputation NN of IN a DT helpless JJ girl NN ! . I PRP studied VBD Welch NNP closely RB as IN the DT trial NN progressed VBD for IN any DT hint NN which WDT might MD give VB me PRP a DT lead NN as IN to TO how WRB he PRP might MD be VB thwarted VBN . . It PRP was VBD n't RB long JJ before IN I PRP sensed VBD that IN there EX was VBD something NN deeper JJR than IN overvaulting JJ ambition NN back RB of IN his PRP$ desire NN for IN Viola NNP 's POS destruction NN . . He PRP was VBD bitter JJ and CC resentful JJ toward IN her PRP COMMA COMMA personally RB resentful JJ . . A DT dreadful JJ fear NN entered VBD my PRP$ consciousness NN that IN perhaps RB he PRP had VBD entertained VBN aspirations NNS toward IN Viola NNP 's POS favors NNS -- : or CC COMMA COMMA even RB more RBR serious JJ perhaps RB COMMA COMMA that IN he PRP had VBD attained VBN a DT share NN of IN them PRP and CC had VBD then RB been VBN superseded VBN by IN some DT luckier JJR chap NN . . I PRP did VBD not RB rest VB until IN I PRP had VBD tracked VBN the DT mystery NN down RP . . Well UH COMMA COMMA here RB it PRP is VBZ . . One CD day NN over IN a DT year NN before RB COMMA COMMA there EX had VBD been VBN a DT cocktail NN party NN in IN an DT apartment NN of IN a DT downtown NN hotel NN . . Viola NNP had VBD been VBN urged VBN to TO attend VB COMMA COMMA by IN telephone NN COMMA COMMA and CC not RB knowing VBG the DT host NN or CC the DT character NN of IN the DT party NN COMMA COMMA she PRP had VBD gone VBN . . She PRP arrived VBD late RB and CC as IN she PRP entered VBD the DT party NN COMMA COMMA noted VBD that IN gentlemen NNS seemed VBD to TO be VB in IN the DT majority NN ; : the DT air NN was VBD thick JJ with IN smoke NN COMMA COMMA empty JJ bottles NNS were VBD in IN evidence NN COMMA COMMA and CC several JJ of IN the DT guests NNS were VBD somewhat RB the DT worse JJR for IN liquor NN . . Naturally RB COMMA COMMA Viola NNP had VBD no DT wish NN to TO remain VB COMMA COMMA but CC she PRP felt VBD she PRP could MD n't RB leave VB so RB soon RB after IN her PRP$ arrival NN COMMA COMMA in IN all DT politeness NN to TO her PRP$ host NN . . And CC it PRP so RB happened VBD that IN adjacent JJ to TO a DT couch NN on IN which WDT she PRP had VBD taken VBN refuge NN was VBD a DT small JJ table NN on IN which WDT she PRP noted VBD a DT vase NN of IN red JJ rosebuds NNS ; : while IN projecting VBG from IN beneath IN the DT couch NN were VBD a DT pair NN of IN feet NNS which WDT COMMA COMMA as IN Fate NNP would MD have VB it PRP COMMA COMMA belonged VBD to TO District NNP Attorney NNP Welch NNP . . As IN Viola NNP sat VBD there RB COMMA COMMA a DT playful JJ impulse NN overcame VBD her PRP to TO remove VB the DT shoes NNS and CC socks NNS from IN the DT unidentified JJ feet NNS and CC COMMA COMMA as IN a DT prank NN COMMA COMMA insert VB rosebuds NNS between IN the DT toes NNS . . A DT little JJ later RB the DT district NN attorney NN woke VBD up RP COMMA COMMA emerged VBD from IN under IN the DT couch NN COMMA COMMA looked VBD at IN his PRP$ watch NN COMMA COMMA and CC realized VBD he PRP had VBD an DT engagement NN that DT very JJ hour NN to TO address VB a DT meeting NN of IN the DT Culture NNP Forum NNP on IN `` `` The DT Civic NNP Spirit NNP of IN the DT Southland NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA in IN the DT Byzantine NNP room NNP of IN the DT hotel NN where WRB his PRP$ wife NN COMMA COMMA as IN president NN of IN the DT forum NN COMMA COMMA was VBD to TO preside VB . . He PRP made VBD his PRP$ way NN to TO his PRP$ host NN 's POS bedroom NN where WRB he PRP carefully RB brushed VBD himself PRP off RP COMMA COMMA neatly RB arranged VBD his PRP$ hair NN COMMA COMMA and CC painstakingly RB selected VBD his PRP$ hat NN from IN the DT many JJ on IN the DT bed NN . . Then RB COMMA COMMA noting VBG neither CC the DT absence NN of IN his PRP$ footwear NN nor CC the DT presence NN of IN the DT rosebuds NNS COMMA COMMA he PRP made VBD his PRP$ way NN to TO the DT Byzantine NNP room NNP and CC COMMA COMMA with IN his PRP$ usual JJ dignity NN COMMA COMMA mounted VBD the DT rostrum NN . . The DT effect NN on IN the DT intellectuals NNS among IN his PRP$ audience NN may MD well RB be VB imagined VBN . . The DT incident NN COMMA COMMA aside RB from IN reflecting VBG on IN Welch NNP 's POS political JJ career NN COMMA COMMA had VBD all RB but CC wrecked VBN his PRP$ home NN life NN . . He PRP never RB rested VBD until IN he PRP discovered VBD who WP the DT culprit NN was VBD COMMA COMMA and CC when WRB he PRP did VBD COMMA COMMA he PRP vowed VBD vengeance NN on IN Viola NNP Lake NNP if IN ever RB the DT chance NN came VBD his PRP$ way NN . . And CC here RB it PRP was VBD ! . By IN such JJ innocent JJ actions NNS are VBP human JJ tragedies NNS sometimes RB set VBN in IN motion NN . . During IN these DT first JJ days NNS of IN the DT trial NN I PRP did VBD n't RB have VB as RB much JJ time NN to TO commiserate VB with IN Viola NNP as IN I PRP should MD have VB liked VBN . . In IN the DT first JJ place NN COMMA COMMA it PRP was VBD difficult JJ for IN us PRP to TO meet VB . . We PRP could MD n't RB be VB seen VBN together RB COMMA COMMA for IN the DT tongue NN of IN Scandal NNP was VBD ever RB ready JJ to TO link VB our PRP$ names NNS COMMA COMMA and CC the DT tongue NN of IN Scandal NNP finds VBZ but RB one CD thing NN to TO say VB of IN the DT association NN of IN a DT man NN with IN a DT girl NN COMMA COMMA no DT matter NN how WRB innocent JJ . . I PRP could MD n't RB invite VB Viola NNP to TO our PRP$ house NN COMMA COMMA for IN Mother NNP snobbishly RB refused VBD to TO receive VB her PRP . . Now UH the DT Czarship NNP had VBD not RB affected VBN my PRP$ own JJ sense NN of IN social JJ values NNS COMMA COMMA but CC Mother NNP had VBD attained VBN a DT reflected VBN glory NN through IN it PRP COMMA COMMA which WDT had VBD opened VBN the DT doors NNS of IN Los NNP Angeles NNP - HYPH Pasadena NNP Society NNP to TO her PRP . . There RB COMMA COMMA Mother NNP was VBD received VBN by IN the DT scions NNS of IN aristocratic JJ lines NNS which WDT are VBP dominated VBN by IN the DT Budweisers NNPS ( ( of IN beer NN derivation NN ) ) COMMA COMMA the DT Chalmers NNPS ( ( of IN underwear NN origin NN ) ) COMMA COMMA and CC the DT Heinzes NNPS ( ( whose WP$ forbears NNS founded VBD a DT nationally RB famous JJ trade NN in IN pickles NNS ) ) . . I PRP hated VBD being VBG dragged VBN into IN the DT salons NNS of IN these DT aristocrats NNS . . But CC Mother NNP insisted VBD COMMA COMMA for IN it PRP is VBZ seldom RB indeed RB that WDT anyone NN remotely RB connected VBN with IN the DT cinema NN is VBZ ever RB received VBN in IN their PRP$ exclusive JJ midsts NNS . . In IN fact NN COMMA COMMA it PRP was VBD not RB until IN the DT King NNP of IN Spain NNP had VBD visited VBN at IN Pickfair NNP that WDT Mary NNP and CC Doug NNP were VBD beckoned VBN to TO cross VB the DT sacred JJ barriers NNS which WDT separate VBP Los NNP Angeles NNP and CC Pasadena NNP from IN the DT hoi-polloi NN . . Mother NNP even RB went VBD so RB far RB as IN to TO trump VB up RP for IN me PRP matrimonial JJ opportunities NNS with IN Pasadena NNP debs NNS who WP had VBD been VBN educated VBN abroad RB COMMA COMMA and CC with IN those DT of IN the DT more RBR lenient JJ Los NNP Angeles NNP area NN where WRB a DT debutante NN was VBD a DT girl NN who WP had VBD been VBN to TO high NN school NN . . But CC at IN long RB last RB came VBD a DT time NN when WRB I PRP broke VBD away RB from IN Mother NNP and CC her PRP$ society NN `` `` chi-chi NN '' '' in IN order NN to TO spend VB a DT cosy JJ evening NN with IN Viola NNP and CC her PRP$ chaperon NN at IN her PRP$ home NN . . However RB COMMA COMMA such PDT a DT hotbed NN of IN gossip NN had VBD grown VBN up RP during IN the DT trial NN COMMA COMMA that IN every DT precaution NN had VBD to TO be VB taken VBN to TO keep VB my PRP$ visit NN from IN being VBG whispered VBN to TO the DT world NN COMMA COMMA Society NNP COMMA COMMA and CC even RB COMMA COMMA alas UH COMMA COMMA to TO my PRP$ own JJ mother NN . . When WRB I PRP arrived VBD at IN Viola NNP 's POS I PRP was VBD shown VBN COMMA COMMA to TO my PRP$ surprise NN COMMA COMMA into IN the DT kitchen NN . . Viola NNP greeted VBD me PRP COMMA COMMA in IN checked JJ apron NN COMMA COMMA ladle NN in IN hand NN COMMA COMMA and CC explained VBD it PRP was VBD the DT cook NN 's POS night NN out RP and CC that IN she PRP herself PRP was VBD preparing VBG dinner NN . . I PRP sat VBD and CC watched VBN proceedings NNS . . There EX was VBD to TO be VB roast NN chicken NN with IN dressing NN COMMA COMMA giblet NN gravy NN COMMA COMMA asparagus NN COMMA COMMA new JJ peas NNS with IN a DT sprig NN of IN mint NN COMMA COMMA creamed VBN onions NNS COMMA COMMA and CC mashed VBN potatoes NNS -- : all DT chosen VBN COMMA COMMA prepared VBN COMMA COMMA and CC cooked VBN by IN Viola NNP herself PRP . . I PRP realized VBD that IN Hamlet NNP was VBD faced VBN with IN an DT entirely RB different JJ problem NN COMMA COMMA but CC his PRP$ agony NN could MD have VB been VBN no RB greater JJR . . The DT most JJS that WDT was VBD accomplished VBN was VBD adding VBG Mrs. NNP Beige NNP 's POS tray NN to TO the DT dish NN pile NN COMMA COMMA and CC by IN means NNS of IN repeated VBN threats NNS COMMA COMMA on IN an DT ascending VBG scale NN COMMA COMMA seeing VBG that IN the DT girls NNS dressed VBD themselves PRP COMMA COMMA after IN a DT fashion NN . . I PRP was VBD saved VBN from IN making VBG the DT decision NN as IN the DT phone NN rang VBD COMMA COMMA and CC the DT girls NNS were VBD upon IN me PRP instantly RB . . Here RB 's VBZ a DT household NN hint NN : : if IN you PRP ca MD n't RB find VB your PRP$ children NNS COMMA COMMA and CC get VBP tired JJ of IN calling VBG them PRP COMMA COMMA pick VB up RP the DT phone NN . . No DT matter NN if IN your PRP$ children NNS are VBP at IN the DT movies NNS COMMA COMMA in IN school NN COMMA COMMA visiting VBG their PRP$ grandmother NN COMMA COMMA or CC on IN a DT field NN trip NN in IN some DT distant JJ city NN COMMA COMMA they PRP will MD be VB upon IN you PRP magically RB within IN seconds NNS after IN you PRP pick VBP up RP the DT phone NN . . Jennie NNP and CC Miranda NNP twined VBD themselves PRP around IN me PRP COMMA COMMA murmuring VBG endearments NNS . . Louise NNP climbed VBD onto IN a DT stool NN and CC clutched VBD the DT hand NN with IN which WDT I PRP was VBD trying VBG to TO hold VB the DT phone NN COMMA COMMA claiming VBG my PRP$ immediate JJ attention NN on IN grounds NNS of IN extreme JJ emergency NN . . Somehow RB managing VBG to TO get VB out RP a DT cool JJ COMMA COMMA poised JJ COMMA COMMA `` `` Wo MD n't RB you PRP hold VB on RP a DT second NN COMMA COMMA please UH '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP covered VBD up RP the DT mouthpiece NN COMMA COMMA and CC with IN more JJR warmth NN and CC less JJR poise NN COMMA COMMA gave VBD a DT quick JJ lecture NN on IN crime NN and CC punishment NN COMMA COMMA mostly RB the DT latter NN COMMA COMMA including VBG Devil NNP 's POS Island NNP and CC the DT remoter JJR reaches NNS of IN Siberia NNP . . I PRP promised VBD to TO illustrate VB the DT lecture NN COMMA COMMA if IN they PRP so RB much RB as IN breathed VBD till IN after IN the DT call NN was VBD completed VBN . . Speaking VBG into IN the DT phone NN again RB and CC recognizing VBG the DT caller NN COMMA COMMA I PRP resumed VBD my PRP$ everyday JJ voice NN . . Soon RB we PRP were VBD deep JJ in IN a DT conversation NN that WDT was VBD interrupted VBN many JJ times NNS by IN little JJ things NNS like IN Jennie NNP 's POS holding VBG her PRP$ breath NN and CC pretending VBG to TO black VB out RP COMMA COMMA Miranda NNP 's POS dumping VBG the DT contents NNS of IN the DT sugar NN bowl NN on IN the DT table NN COMMA COMMA and CC various JJ screeches NNS COMMA COMMA thuds NNS COMMA COMMA and CC giggles NNS . . Under IN the DT circumstances NNS COMMA COMMA I PRP had VBD difficulty NN keeping VBG up RP with IN the DT conversation NN on IN the DT phone NN COMMA COMMA but CC when WRB I PRP hung VBD up RP I PRP was VBD reasonably RB certain JJ that IN Francesca NNP had VBD wanted VBN to TO remind VB me PRP of IN our PRP$ town NN meeting NN the DT next JJ evening NN COMMA COMMA and CC how WRB important JJ it PRP was VBD that IN Hank NNP and CC I PRP be VB there RB . . I PRP discovered VBD that IN the DT girls NNS had VBD shrewdly RB vacated VBN the DT kitchen NN COMMA COMMA and CC were VBD playing VBG quietly RB in IN the DT living NN room NN . . It PRP seemed VBD that IN I PRP would MD be VB the DT gainer NN if IN I PRP accepted VBD the DT peace NN and CC quiet NN COMMA COMMA instead RB of IN carrying VBG out RP my PRP$ threats NNS . . Resolving VBG to TO get VB something NN done VBN COMMA COMMA I PRP started VBD in RP on IN the DT dishes NNS . . No UH . . I PRP 'm VBP not RB saying VBG it PRP right RB . . What WP I PRP meant VBD to TO say VB was VBD that IN I PRP started VBD to TO start VB in RP on IN the DT dishes NNS by IN gathering VBG them PRP all DT together RB in IN the DT kitchen NN sink NN . . They PRP looked VBD so RB formidable JJ COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA so RB demanding JJ COMMA COMMA that IN I PRP found VBD myself PRP staring VBG at IN them PRP in IN dismay NN and CC starting VBG to TO woolgather VB again RB COMMA COMMA this DT time NN about IN Francesca NNP and CC her PRP$ husband NN . . How WRB about IN them PRP COMMA COMMA I PRP thought VBD . . Francesca NNP and CC Herbert NNP were VBD among IN the DT few JJ people NNS we PRP knew VBD in IN Catatonia NNP . . We PRP did VBD n't RB even RB know VB them PRP till IN about RB a DT month NN after IN we PRP moved VBD -- : at IN that DT time NN COMMA COMMA they PRP had VBD called VBN on IN us PRP COMMA COMMA after IN I PRP met VBD Fran NNP at IN a DT PTA NNP meeting NN COMMA COMMA and CC had VBD taken VBN us PRP in IN hand NN socially RB . . They PRP had VBD been VBN kind JJ to TO us PRP and CC we PRP were VBD indebted JJ to TO them PRP for IN one CD or CC two CD pleasant JJ dinners NNS COMMA COMMA and CC for IN information NN as IN to TO where WRB to TO shop VB COMMA COMMA which WDT dentist NN COMMA COMMA doctor NN COMMA COMMA plumber NN COMMA COMMA and CC sitter NN to TO call VB ( ( not RB that IN there EX was VBD much JJ of IN a DT choice NN COMMA COMMA since IN Catatonia NNP was VBD just RB a DT village NN ; : the DT yellow JJ pages NNS of IN the DT telephone NN book NN were VBD amazingly RB thin JJ ) ) . . They PRP were VBD `` `` personalities NNS '' '' . . Herb NNP COMMA COMMA an DT expert NN on IN narrow JJ ties NNS COMMA COMMA thin JJ lapels NNS COMMA COMMA and CC swatches NNS COMMA COMMA was VBD men NNS 's POS fashion NN editor NN of IN Parvenu NNP COMMA COMMA the DT weekly JJ magazine NN with IN the DT tremendous JJ circulation NN . . Fran NNP and CC he PRP had VBD met VBN about RB two CD years NNS after IN she PRP had VBD arrived VBN in IN Manhattan NNP from IN Nebraska NN COMMA COMMA or CC was VBD it PRP Wyoming NNP ? . She PRP was VBD the DT daughter NN and CC sole JJ heiress NN of IN either CC a DT cattle NNS baron NN or CC an DT oil NN millionaire NN and CC COMMA COMMA having VBG arrived VBN in IN New NNP York NNP with IN a DT big JJ bank NN roll NN COMMA COMMA became VBD a DT dabbler NN in IN various JJ fields NNS . . She PRP patronized VBD Greenwich NNP Village NNP artists NNS for IN awhile RB COMMA COMMA then RB put VBN some DT money NN into IN a DT Broadway NNP show NN which WDT was VBD successful JJ ( ( terrible JJ COMMA COMMA but CC successful JJ ) ) . . It PRP was VBD during IN her PRP$ `` `` writing NN '' '' period NN that WDT she PRP and CC Herb NNP met VBN and CC decided VBN that IN they PRP were VBD in IN love NN . . They PRP were VBD married VBN at IN a DT lavish JJ ceremony NN which WDT was VBD duly RB recorded VBN in IN Parvenu NNP and CC all DT other JJ magazines NNS and CC newspapers NNS COMMA COMMA and CC then RB they PRP honeymooned VBD in IN Bermuda NNP . . No UH COMMA COMMA not RB Bermuda NNP . . Bermuda NNP was VBD not RB in IN style NN that DT year NN . . They PRP had VBD honeymooned VBN in IN Rome NNP ; : everyone NN was VBD very RB high JJ on IN Rome NNP that IN year NN . . They PRP had VBD bought VBN their PRP$ house NN in IN Catatonia NNP after IN investigating VBG all PDT the DT regions NNS of IN suburbia NN surrounding VBG New NNP York NNP ; : they PRP had VBD chosen VBN Catatonia NNP because IN of IN its PRP$ reputation NN for IN excellent JJ schools NNS COMMA COMMA beaches NNS COMMA COMMA and CC abundance NN of IN names NNS . . `` `` You PRP are VBP bound JJ to TO get VB involved JJ with IN people NNS when WRB you PRP have VBP children NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA Fran NNP had VBD told VBN me PRP at IN our PRP$ first JJ meeting NN COMMA COMMA `` `` so CC it PRP is VBZ good JJ to TO know VB that IN those DT with IN whom WP you PRP get VBP involved JJ are VBP not RB just RB dreary JJ little JJ housewives NNS and CC dull JJ husbands NNS COMMA COMMA but CC People NNS Who WP Do VBP Things NNS '' '' . . I PRP admired VBD their PRP$ easy JJ way NN of IN doing VBG things NNS but CC I PRP could MD n't RB escape VB an DT uneasiness NN at IN their PRP$ way NN of IN always RB doing VBG the DT right JJ things NNS . . Their PRP$ house NN was VBD a DT centuries NNS - HYPH old JJ Colonial NNP which WDT they PRP had VBD had VBN restored VBN ( ( guided VBN by IN an DT eminent JJ architect NN ) ) and CC updated VBN COMMA COMMA and CC added VBN on RP to TO . . It PRP had VBD a DT gourmet NN 's POS corner NN ( ( instead RB of IN a DT kitchen NN ) ) COMMA COMMA a DT breakfast NN room NN COMMA COMMA a DT luncheon NN room NN COMMA COMMA a DT dining NN room NN COMMA COMMA a DT sitting NN room NN COMMA COMMA a DT room NN for IN standing NN up RP COMMA COMMA a DT party NN room NN COMMA COMMA dressing NN rooms NNS for IN everybody NN COMMA COMMA even RB a DT room NN for IN mud NN . . It PRP was VBD all DT set VBN up RP so IN there EX would MD be VB no DT dust NN anywhere RB and CC so IN that IN their PRP$ children NNS would MD color VB in IN the DT coloring NN room NN COMMA COMMA paint VB in IN the DT painting NN room NN COMMA COMMA play VB with IN blocks NNS in IN the DT block NN house NN COMMA COMMA and CC do VB all PDT the DT other JJ things NNS in IN the DT proper JJ rooms NNS at IN exactly RB the DT right JJ time NN . . Their PRP$ two CD boys NNS were VBD `` `` well RB adjusted JJ '' '' and CC COMMA COMMA like IN their PRP$ parents NNS COMMA COMMA always RB did VBD the DT right JJ thing NN at IN the DT right JJ time NN and CC damn VB the DT consequences NNS . . Francesca NNP and CC Herbert NNP considered VBD themselves PRP violently RB nonconformist JJ and CC showed VBD the DT world NN they PRP were VBD by IN filling VBG their PRP$ Colonial NNP house NN with IN contemporary JJ furniture NN and CC paintings NNS and CC other JJ art NN objects NNS ( ( expensive JJ COMMA COMMA but CC not RB necessarily RB valuable JJ COMMA COMMA contemporary JJ things NNS ) ) . . Fran NNP flaunted VBD her PRP$ independence NN by IN rebelling VBG against IN the DT Catatonia NNP uniform NN of IN Bermuda NNP shorts NNS and CC knee NN - HYPH length NN socks NNS by IN wearing VBG Bermuda NNP shorts NNS and CC knee NN - HYPH length NN socks NNS in IN colors NNS ; : bright JJ pinks NNS and CC plaids NNS and CC vivid JJ stripes NNS . . Sometimes RB she PRP even RB wore VBD the DT uniform NN in IN solid JJ COMMA COMMA unrelieved JJ black JJ COMMA COMMA and CC with IN her PRP$ blonde JJ hair NN cut VBN so RB closely RB COMMA COMMA wearing VBG this DT uniform NN COMMA COMMA she PRP strongly RB resembled VBD a DT member NN of IN the DT SS. NNP . . No DT one NN could MD dislike VB them PRP COMMA COMMA I PRP thought VBD . . Sometimes RB COMMA COMMA though RB COMMA COMMA they PRP did VBD not RB seem VB quite RB human JJ . . It PRP seemed VBD COMMA COMMA indeed RB COMMA COMMA that IN their PRP$ house NN was VBD not RB so RB much JJ a DT home NN COMMA COMMA but CC rather RB a DT perfect JJ stage NN set NN COMMA COMMA and CC that IN they PRP were VBD actors NNS who WP had VBD been VBN handed VBN fat JJ roles NNS in IN a DT successful JJ play NN COMMA COMMA and CC had VBD talent NN enough JJ to TO fill VB the DT roles NNS competently RB COMMA COMMA with IN nice JJ understatement NN . . Practically RB the DT only JJ enthusiasm NN they PRP showed VBD was VBD when WRB they PRP were VBD discussing VBG `` `` names NNS '' '' ; : even RB brand NN names NNS . . You PRP should MD hear VB the DT reverence NN in IN Fran NNP 's POS voice NN when WRB she PRP said VBD `` `` Baccarat NNP '' '' or CC `` `` Steuben NNP '' '' or CC `` `` Madame NNP Alexander NNP '' '' . . She PRP always RB let VBD it PRP be VB known VBN that IN there EX was VBD wine NN in IN the DT pot NN roast NN or CC that IN the DT chicken NN had VBD been VBN marinated VBN in IN brandy NN COMMA COMMA and CC that IN Koussevitzky NNP 's POS second JJ cousin NN was VBD an DT intimate NN of IN theirs PRP . . I PRP would MD n't RB have VB wasted VBN time NN puzzling VBG over IN this DT couple NN were VBD it PRP not RB for IN my PRP$ fear NN that IN all PDT the DT other JJ inhabitants NNS of IN Catatonia NNP were VBD equally RB unreal JJ . . I PRP could MD n't RB feel VB at IN home NN among IN them PRP . . Besides IN Francesca NNP COMMA COMMA there EX was VBD Blanche NNP . . Francesca NNP was VBD pleasant JJ and CC charming JJ COMMA COMMA but CC Blanche NNP was VBD sweet JJ . . Yes UH COMMA COMMA Blanche NNP was VBD very RB COMMA COMMA very RB sweet JJ -- : being VBG in IN her PRP$ company NN was VBD like IN being VBG drowned VBN in IN warm JJ COMMA COMMA melted VBN marshmallows NNS . . I PRP had VBD once RB been VBN a DT witness NN when WRB Blanche NNP had VBD smiled VBN and CC said VBN with IN only JJ minimum JJ ruefulness NN COMMA COMMA `` `` Oh UH COMMA COMMA my PRP$ souffle NN has VBZ collapsed VBN '' '' . . Anyone NN knows VBZ how WRB a DT real JJ COMMA COMMA red-blooded JJ woman NN would MD react VB to TO such PDT a DT catastrophe NN ! . If IN Blanche NNP had VBD been VBN honest JJ COMMA COMMA she PRP would MD have VB yelled VBN COMMA COMMA slammed VBN at IN least JJS a DT couple NN of IN doors NNS COMMA COMMA and CC thrown VBN a DT few JJ little JJ COMMA COMMA valueless JJ things NNS . . But CC dear JJ me PRP COMMA COMMA no UH ; : not RB Blanche NNP . . After IN five CD minutes NNS with IN Blanche NNP COMMA COMMA one NN might MD welcome VB the DT astringency NN of IN Grazie NNP COMMA COMMA who WP was VBD a DT sort NN of IN Gwen NNP Cafritz NNP to TO Francesca NNP 's POS Perle NNP Mesta NNP . . Francesca NNP and CC Grazie NNP were VBD habitual JJ committee NN chairmen NNS and CC they PRP usually RB managed VBD to TO be VB elected VBN co-chairmen NNS COMMA COMMA equal JJ bosses NNS COMMA COMMA of IN whatever WDT PTA NNP or CC civic JJ project NN was VBD being VBG launched VBN . . They PRP were VBD inseparable JJ COMMA COMMA not RB because IN they PRP were VBD fond JJ of IN each DT other JJ COMMA COMMA but CC because IN they PRP wanted VBD to TO keep VB an DT eye NN on IN each DT other JJ COMMA COMMA as IN they PRP were VBD keen JJ rivals NNS for IN social JJ leadership NN . . Grazie NNP was VBD mean JJ : : quietly RB mean JJ COMMA COMMA and CC bitterly RB COMMA COMMA unfunnily RB sarcastic JJ . . She PRP it PRP was VBD who WP had VBD looked VBN to TO see VB if IN I PRP was VBD wearing VBG shoes NNS upon IN learning VBG that IN I PRP could MD n't RB drive VB . . Grazie NNP had VBD a DT small JJ COMMA COMMA slick JJ head NN and CC her PRP$ hair NN and CC skin NN were VBD the DT color NN of IN golden JJ toast NN . . She PRP lived VBD in IN an DT ultra-modern JJ house NN whose WP$ decoration NN COMMA COMMA appointments NNS COMMA COMMA paint NN COMMA COMMA and CC even RB pets NNS were VBD chosen VBN to TO complement VB her PRP$ coloring NN ; : the DT pets NNS were VBD a DT couple NN of IN Siamese NNP cats NNS . . Her PRP$ uniform NN was VBD of IN rich JJ COMMA COMMA raw JJ silk NN COMMA COMMA in IN a DT shade NN which WDT matched VBD her PRP$ hair NN COMMA COMMA skin NN COMMA COMMA housepaint NN COMMA COMMA and CC cats NNS COMMA COMMA and CC since IN she PRP was VBD so RB thin JJ as IN to TO be VB almost RB shapeless JJ COMMA COMMA she PRP rather RB resembled VBD a DT frozen JJ fish NN stick NN . . The DT husbands NNS of IN these DT women NNS and CC others NNS I PRP had VBD met VBN in IN Catatonia NNP were VBD distinguished VBN only RB in IN that IN they PRP were VBD COMMA COMMA to TO me PRP at IN least JJS COMMA COMMA indistinguishable JJ . . I PRP could MD n't RB tell VB one CD from IN the DT other JJ . . Like IN Herbert NNP COMMA COMMA they PRP were VBD all DT in IN communications NNS : : radio NN COMMA COMMA television NN COMMA COMMA magazines NNS COMMA COMMA and CC advertising NN . . One CD or CC two CD were VBD writers NNS of IN books NNS ; : all DT were VBD fellows NNS of IN finite JJ charm NN . . Each DT had VBD developed VBN a DT hair NN - HYPH trigger NN chuckle NN and CC the DT habit NN of IN saying VBG `` `` zounds UH '' '' ! . In IN deference NN to TO country NN - HYPH squirehood NN . . I PRP never RB thought VBD I PRP 'd MD live VB to TO hear VB people NNS chuckle VB and CC say VB `` `` zounds UH '' '' ! . In IN real JJ life NN . . I PRP would MD n't RB have VB missed VBN it PRP for IN anything NN . . They PRP were VBD `` `` sincere JJ '' '' -- : men NNS of IN the DT too-hearty JJ handclasp NN and CC the DT urgent JJ smile NN . . These DT boys NNS acknowledged VBD an DT introduction NN to TO anybody NN by IN gently RB pressing VBG one CD of IN his PRP$ hands NNS in IN both DT of IN theirs PRP COMMA COMMA while IN they PRP gazed VBD COMMA COMMA misty-eyed JJ with IN care NN COMMA COMMA into IN the DT eyes NNS of IN the DT person NN they PRP were VBD meeting VBG . . Could MD such JJ unadulterated JJ love NN COMMA COMMA for IN a DT total JJ stranger NN COMMA COMMA be VB credited VBN ? . They PRP were VBD always RB leaping VBG to TO light VB cigarettes NNS COMMA COMMA open VB car NN doors NNS COMMA COMMA fill VB plates NNS or CC glasses NNS COMMA COMMA and CC I PRP mistrusted VBD the DT whole JJ lot NN of IN them PRP to TO the DT same JJ degree NN that WDT I PRP mistrusted VBD bake NN shops NNS that WDT called VBD themselves PRP `` `` Sanitary NNP Bake NNP Shops NNP '' '' . . `` `` O UH ! . Pioneers NNS ! . '' '' I PRP thought VBD COMMA COMMA and CC wondered VBD what WDT kind NN of IN homesteads NNS such JJ odd JJ pioneers NNS would MD establish VB in IN this DT suburban JJ frontier NN ; : pioneers NNS who WP looked VBD like IN off-duty JJ gardeners NNS even RB at IN parent NN - HYPH teacher NN conferences NNS and CC who WP never RB called VBD the DT school NN principal NN `` `` Mister NNP '' '' . . I PRP sighed VBD COMMA COMMA thinking VBG that IN among IN other JJ things NNS COMMA COMMA people NNS here RB seemed VBD to TO be VB those DT who WP would MD have VB to TO cut VB down RP if IN they PRP earned VBD less JJR than IN $ $ 85COMMA000 CD yearly RB ; : people NNS who WP would MD give VB their PRP$ teeth NNS for IN a DT chance NN to TO get VB on IN `` `` Person NNP to TO Person NNP '' '' ; : people NNS who WP thought VBD it PRP was VBD nice JJ to TO be VB important JJ COMMA COMMA but CC not RB important JJ to TO be VB nice JJ ; : who WP were VBD more RBR ingratiating JJ than IN gracious JJ COMMA COMMA more RBR personalities NNS than IN persons NNS . . In IN my PRP$ estimation NN COMMA COMMA they PRP were VBD people NNS who WP read VBD Daphne NNP du NNP Maurier NNP COMMA COMMA and CC discussed VBD Kafka NNP ; : well UH COMMA COMMA not RB discussed VBD him PRP exactly RB COMMA COMMA but CC said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Kafka NNP '' '' ! . Reverently RB and CC raised VBD their PRP$ eyes NNS COMMA COMMA as IN if IN they PRP were VBD at IN a DT loss NN to TO describe VB how WRB they PRP felt VBD about IN Kafka NNP COMMA COMMA which WDT they PRP were VBD COMMA COMMA because IN they PRP had VBD no DT opinions NNS about IN Kafka NNP COMMA COMMA not RB having VBG read VBN Kafka NNP . . They PRP were VBD COMMA COMMA I PRP felt VBD COMMA COMMA people NNS invariably RB trying VBG to TO prove VB not RB who WP COMMA COMMA but CC what WP they PRP were VBD COMMA COMMA and CC trying VBG to TO determine VB what WP COMMA COMMA not RB who WP COMMA COMMA others NNS were VBD . . Becoming VBG aware JJ that IN it PRP was VBD nearly RB lunchtime NN COMMA COMMA I PRP brought VBD myself PRP back RB to TO the DT tasks NNS at IN hand NN . . I PRP made VBD plans NNS for IN the DT afternoon NN -- : doing VBG the DT breakfast NN and CC luncheon NN dishes NNS all RB at IN once RB COMMA COMMA making VBG the DT beds NNS COMMA COMMA and CC then RB maybe RB painting VBG the DT kitchen NN . . Then RB COMMA COMMA I PRP remembered VBD that IN the DT girls NNS had VBD had VBN a DT banana NN for IN dessert NN every DT day NN for IN the DT last JJ week NN . . `` `` Bananas NNS '' '' ! . Jennie NNP had VBD shouted VBN each DT time NN . . `` `` They PRP 're VBP not RB dessert NN ! . They PRP 're VBP not RB even RB food NN . . They PRP 're VBP just RB something NN you PRP 're VBP supposed VBN to TO put VB on IN cereal NN for IN breakfast NN '' '' . . I PRP dug VBD around RB and CC found VBD a DT mix NN COMMA COMMA and CC was VBD able JJ to TO surprise VB them PRP with IN a DT devil NN 's POS - HYPH food NN cake NN with IN chocolate NN icing NN . . ( ( Sometimes RB I PRP think VBP you PRP need VBP only RB one CD rule NN for IN cooking NN : : if IN you PRP ca MD n't RB put VB garlic NN in IN it PRP COMMA COMMA put VB chocolate NN in IN it PRP . . ) ) The DT cake NN was VBD received VBN in IN a DT stunned JJ silence NN that WDT was VBD evidence NN in IN itself PRP of IN the DT dearth NN of IN taste NN thrills NNS Mama NNP had VBD been VBN providing VBG . . Then RB Jennie NNP closed VBD her PRP$ eyes NNS COMMA COMMA stretched VBD forth RB her PRP$ arms NNS COMMA COMMA and CC said VBD : : `` `` Take VB my PRP$ hand NN COMMA COMMA Louise NNP ; : I PRP 'm VBP a DT stranger NN in IN paradise NN '' '' . . Needless JJ to TO say VB COMMA COMMA I PRP was VBD furious JJ at IN this DT unparalleled JJ intrusion NN upon IN free JJ enterprise NN . . How WRB dared VBD they PRP demand VB to TO `` `` snoop VB '' '' in IN private JJ financial JJ records NNS COMMA COMMA disbursements NNS COMMA COMMA confidential JJ contracts NNS and CC agreements NNS ? . `` `` It PRP is VBZ as IN though IN '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD on IN the DT historic JJ three CD - HYPH hour NN COMMA COMMA coast NN - HYPH to IN - HYPH coast NN radio NN broadcast NN which WDT I PRP bought VBD ( ( following VBG Father NNP Coughlin NNP and CC pre-empting VBG the DT Eddie NNP Cantor NNP COMMA COMMA Manhattan NNP Merry-go-round NNP and CC Major NNP Bowes NNP shows NNS ) ) `` `` That DT Man NN in IN the DT White NNP House NNP COMMA COMMA like IN some DT despot NN of IN yore RB COMMA COMMA insisted VBD on IN reading VBG my PRP$ diary NN COMMA COMMA raiding VBG my PRP$ larder NN and CC ransacking VBG my PRP$ lingerie NN ! . '' '' My PRP$ impassioned JJ plea NN for IN civil JJ rights NNS created VBD a DT landslide NN of IN correspondence NN and CC one CD sponsor NN even RB asked VBD me PRP to TO consider VB replacing VBG the DT Eddie NNP Cantor NNP comedy NN hour NN on IN a DT permanent JJ basis NN . . But CC what WDT quarter NN could MD a DT poor JJ defenseless JJ woman NN expect VB from IN a DT dictator NN who WP would MD even RB make VB so RB bold JJ as IN to TO close VB all DT of IN the DT banks NNS in IN our PRP$ great JJ nation NN ? . The DT savage JJ barbarian JJ hordes NNS of IN red JJ Russian JJ Communism NNP descended VBD on IN the DT Athens NNP that WDT was VBD mighty JJ Metronome NNP COMMA COMMA sacking VBG and CC despoiling VBG with IN their PRP$ Bolshevistic JJ battle NN cry NN of IN `` `` Soak VB the DT rich NN ' '' ! . After IN an DT unspeakable JJ siege NN COMMA COMMA lasting VBG the DT better JJR part NN of IN two CD months NNS COMMA COMMA it PRP was VBD announced VBN that IN the DT studio NN `` `` owed VBD '' '' the DT government NN a DT tax NN debt NN in IN excess NN of IN eight CD million CD dollars NNS while IN I PRP COMMA COMMA who WP had VBD always RB remained VBN aloof JJ from IN such JJ iniquitous JJ practices NNS as IN paying VBG taxes NNS on IN the DT salary NN I PRP had VBD earned VBN and CC the DT little JJ I PRP legally RB inherited VBD as IN Morris NNP ' POS helpless JJ relict NN COMMA COMMA was VBD `` `` stung VBN '' '' with IN a DT personal JJ bill NN of IN such JJ astronomical JJ proportions NNS as IN to TO `` `` wipe VB out RP '' '' all DT but IN a DT fraction NN of IN my PRP$ poor JJ COMMA COMMA hard-come-by JJ savings NNS . . I PRP was VBD also RB publicly RB reprimanded VBN COMMA COMMA dragged VBN through IN the DT mud NN by IN the DT radical JJ press NN and CC made VBN a DT figure NN of IN fun NN by IN such JJ leftist JJ publications NNS as IN The DT New NNP Republic NNP COMMA COMMA The DT New NNP Yorker NNP COMMA COMMA Time NNP and CC The DT Christian NNP Science NNP Monitor NNP . . It PRP was VBD then RB that WDT I PRP availed VBD myself PRP of IN the DT rights NNS of IN a DT citizen NN and CC declared VBD the DT income NN tax NN unconstitutional JJ . . The DT litigation NN was VBD costly JJ and CC seemingly RB endless JJ . . I PRP fought VBD like IN a DT tigress NN but CC by IN the DT time NN I PRP appealed VBD my PRP$ case NN to TO the DT Supreme NNP Court NNP ( ( 1937 CD ) ) COMMA COMMA Mr. NNP Roosevelt NNP and CC his PRP$ `` `` henchmen NNS '' '' had VBD done VBN their PRP$ `` `` dirty JJ work NN '' '' all RB too RB well RB COMMA COMMA even RB going VBG so RB far RB as IN to TO attempt VB to TO `` `` pack VB '' '' the DT highest JJS tribunal NN in IN the DT land NN in IN order NN to TO defeat VB little JJ me PRP . . Presidential JJ coercion NN had VBD succeeded VBN not RB only RB in IN poisoning VBG the DT courtiers NNS COMMA COMMA `` `` toadies NNS '' '' and CC sycophants NNS of IN the DT `` `` bench NN '' '' against IN me PRP COMMA COMMA but CC it PRP had VBD been VBN so RB far RB - HYPH reaching VBG as IN to TO discourage VB any DT lawyer NN in IN the DT nation NN from IN representing VBG me PRP ! . I PRP was VBD ready JJ COMMA COMMA like IN Portia NNP COMMA COMMA to TO present VB my PRP$ own JJ brief NN . . But CC the DT Supreme NNP Court NNP would MD n't RB even RB hear VB my PRP$ case NN ! . My PRP$ plea NN was VBD unanimously RB voted VBN down RP and CC `` `` thrown VBN out RP '' '' . . Again RB COMMA COMMA my PRP$ name NN was VBD on IN all PDT the DT front JJ pages NNS . . I PRP was VBD COMMA COMMA it PRP seemed VBD COMMA COMMA persona FW non FW grata FW in IN every DT quarter NN COMMA COMMA but CC not RB entirely RB without IN a DT staunch JJ following NN of IN noted JJ political JJ thinkers NNS and CC students NNS of IN jurisprudence NN . . As IN Charles NNP Evans NNP Hughes NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA `` `` Miss NNP Poitrine NNP 's POS limitations NNS as IN an DT actress NN are VBP exceeded VBN only RB by IN her PRP$ logic NN as IN a DT litigant NN '' '' . . Albert NNP Einstein NNP was VBD quoted VBN as IN saying VBG : : `` `` The DT workings NNS of IN the DT woman NN 's POS mind NN amaze VBP me PRP '' '' . . Henry NNP Ford NNP spoke VBD of IN me PRP as IN `` `` utterly RB astounding JJ '' '' . . Heywood NNP Broun NNP wrote VBD : : `` `` Belle NNP Poitrine NNP is VBZ the DT most RBS original JJ thinker NN since IN Caligula NNP '' '' COMMA COMMA and CC even RB F.D.R. NNP had VBD to TO concede VB that IN `` `` if IN the DT rest NN of IN this DT nation NN showed VBD the DT foresight NN and CC patriotism NN of IN Miss NNP Poitrine NNP COMMA COMMA America NNP would MD rapidly RB resemble VB ancient JJ Babylon NNP and CC Nineveh NNP '' '' . . Not RB only RB were VBD the DT court NN costs NNS prohibitive JJ COMMA COMMA but CC I PRP was VBD subjected VBN to TO crippling JJ fines NNS COMMA COMMA in IN addition NN to TO usurious JJ interest NN on IN the DT unpaid JJ `` `` debts NNS '' '' which WDT the DT government NN claimed VBD that IN Metronome NNP and CC I PRP owed VBD -- : a DT severe JJ financial JJ blow NN . . Nor CC COMMA COMMA as IN Manny NNP said VBD COMMA COMMA had VBD the DT notoriety NN done VBN my PRP$ career NN `` `` any DT good NN '' '' . . My PRP$ enemies NNS were VBD only RB too RB anxious JJ to TO level VB against IN me PRP such JJ charges NNS as IN `` `` reactionary NN '' '' COMMA COMMA `` `` robber NN baroness NN '' '' COMMA COMMA and CC even RB `` `` traitor NN '' '' ! . Traitor NN indeed UH ! . I PRP point VBP now RB with IN pride NN to TO the DT fact NN that IN COMMA COMMA long RB ere IN the DT Committee NNP on IN Un-American NNP Activities NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Minute NNP Women NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Economic NNP Council NNP and CC other JJ such JJ notable JJ `` `` watchdog NN '' '' organizations NNS were VBD so RB much RB as IN heard VBN of IN COMMA COMMA I PRP was VBD Hollywood NNP 's POS leading VBG bulwark NN against IN communism NN COMMA COMMA fighting VBG single-handedly RB `` `` creeping VBG socialism NN '' '' against IN such JJ insuperable JJ odds NNS as IN the DT Fascio-Communist JJ troops NNS of IN the DT NRA NNP COMMA COMMA PWA NNP COMMA COMMA WPA NNP COMMA COMMA CCC NNP and CC an DT army NN of IN more JJR than IN twenty-two CD million CD mercenaries NNS whom WP F.D.R. NNP employed VBD secretly RB COMMA COMMA through IN the DT transparent JJ ruse NN of IN regular JJ `` `` relief NN '' '' checks NNS . . Needless NNP to TO say VB COMMA COMMA my PRP$ art NN suffered VBD drastically RB during IN this DT turbulent JJ period NN . . Could MD it PRP do VB otherwise RB ? . Even RB though IN I PRP have VBP always RB had VBD a DT genius NN for IN `` `` throwing VBG myself PRP '' '' into IN every DT role NN and CC `` `` playing VBG it PRP for IN all DT it PRP 's VBZ worth JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA no DT actress NN can MD be VB expected VBN to TO do VB her PRP best JJS work NN when WRB her PRP$ fortune NN COMMA COMMA her PRP$ reputation NN COMMA COMMA her PRP$ livelihood NN COMMA COMMA her PRP$ home NN and CC her PRP$ nation NN itself PRP are VBP all DT imperilled VBN . . Such JJ sweeping JJ distractions NNS are VBP hardly RB conducive JJ to TO `` `` Oscar NNP '' '' winning VBG performances NNS . . I PRP tried VBD my PRP$ hardest JJS COMMA COMMA with IN little JJ help NN COMMA COMMA may MD I PRP say VB COMMA COMMA from IN my PRP$ husband NN and CC leading VBG man NN COMMA COMMA but CC somehow RB the DT outside JJ pressures NNS were VBD too RB severe JJ . . Having VBG ( ( through IN my PRP$ unflagging JJ effort NN and CC devotion NN ) ) achieved VBN stardom NN COMMA COMMA a DT fortune NN and CC a DT world NN - HYPH renowned VBN wife NN at IN an DT age NN when WRB most JJS young JJ men NNS are VBP casting VBG their PRP$ first JJ vote NN COMMA COMMA Letch NNP proceeded VBD to TO neglect VB them PRP all DT . . Never RB a DT `` `` quick JJ study NN '' '' COMMA COMMA he PRP now RB made VBD no DT attempt NN to TO learn VB his PRP$ `` `` lines NNS '' '' and CC many PDT a DT mile NN of IN film NN was VBD wasted VBN COMMA COMMA many DT a DT scene NN -- : sometimes RB involving VBG as RB many JJ as IN a DT thousand CD fellow JJ thespians NNS -- : was VBD taken VBN thirty CD COMMA COMMA forty CD COMMA COMMA fifty CD times NNS because IN Miss NNP Poitrine NNP 's POS co-star NN and CC `` `` helpmate NN '' '' had VBD never RB learned VBN his PRP$ part NN . . Each DT time NN Letch NNP `` `` went VBD up RP '' '' in IN his PRP$ `` `` lines NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP was VBD the DT one CD to TO be VB patient JJ COMMA COMMA helpful JJ and CC apologetic JJ while IN he PRP indulged VBD in IN outbursts NNS of IN temperament NN COMMA COMMA profanity NN and CC abuse NN COMMA COMMA blaming VBG others NNS COMMA COMMA going VBG into IN `` `` sulks NNS '' '' and CC COMMA COMMA on IN more JJR occasions NNS than IN I PRP care VBP to TO count VB COMMA COMMA storming VBG off IN the DT `` `` set NN '' '' for IN the DT rest NN of IN the DT day NN . . As IN for IN his PRP$ finances NNS COMMA COMMA I PRP was VBD never RB privileged VBN to TO know VB exactly RB how WRB much JJ money NN Letch NNP had VBD `` `` salted VBN away RB '' '' . . It PRP was VBD I PRP who WP paid VBD for IN our PRP$ little JJ home NN COMMA COMMA the DT food NN COMMA COMMA the DT liquor NN COMMA COMMA the DT servants NNS -- : even RB Letch NNP 's POS bills NNS at IN his PRP$ tailor NN and CC the DT Los NNP Angeles NNP Athletic NNP Club NNP . . Never RB once RB did VBD he PRP buy VB me PRP a DT single JJ gift NN and CC for IN our PRP$ third JJ anniversary NN he PRP gave VBD me PRP a DT dislocated JJ jaw NN . . ( ( But CC that DT is VBZ another DT story NN . . ) ) As IN for IN his PRP$ private JJ monies NNS COMMA COMMA they PRP were VBD rapidly RB dissipated VBN in IN drinking NN COMMA COMMA gaming NN and CC carousing NN . . More RBR than IN once RB I PRP was VBD confronted VBN by IN professional JJ gamblers NNS COMMA COMMA `` `` bookies NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA loan NN `` `` sharks NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA gangsters NNS COMMA COMMA `` `` thugs NNS '' '' and CC `` `` finger NN men NNS '' '' -- : people NNS of IN a DT class NN I PRP did VBD not RB even RB know VB existed VBD -- : to TO repay VB my PRP$ husband NN 's POS staggering JJ losses NNS COMMA COMMA `` `` or CC else RB '' '' I PRP shuddered VBD to TO think VB that IN someone NN so RB dear JJ to TO me PRP could MD even RB associate VB with IN such PDT a DT sinister JJ milieu NN . . And CC at IN three CD different JJ times NNS during IN our PRP$ turbulent JJ marriage NN strange JJ girls NNS COMMA COMMA with IN the DT commonest JJS of IN accents NNS COMMA COMMA telephoned VBD to TO announce VB to TO me PRP that IN Letch NNP had VBD sired VBN their PRP$ unborn JJ children NNS ! . Having NNP the DT deepest JJS of IN maternal JJ instincts NNS COMMA COMMA my PRP$ heart NN fairly RB bled VBD when WRB I PRP thought VBD of IN the DT darling JJ pink JJ and CC white JJ `` `` bundles NNS from IN heaven NN '' '' I PRP would MD have VB proudly RB given VBN my PRP$ husband NN . . `` `` Ah UH COMMA COMMA you PRP 're VBP too RB old JJ '' '' COMMA COMMA was VBD invariably RB his PRP$ ungallant JJ and CC untrue JJ retort NN whenever WRB I PRP suggested VBD `` `` starting VBG a DT family NN '' '' . . Letch NNP had VBD made VBN it PRP abundantly RB clear JJ that IN he PRP did VBD not RB care NN for IN the DT company NN of IN my PRP$ own JJ precious JJ daughter NN . . I PRP now RB felt VBD it PRP wiser JJR to TO keep VB Baby-dear NNP in IN school NN and CC -- : during IN the DT summers NNS -- : at IN a DT camp NN run VBN by IN the DT Society NNP of IN Friends NNP all DT year NN around RB . . Her PRP$ presence NN only RB made VBD Letch NNP more RBR distant JJ and CC irritable JJ and CC COMMA COMMA in IN the DT hurry NN of IN buying VBG Chateau NNP Belletch NNP COMMA COMMA I PRP had VBD neglected VBN to TO consider VB a DT room NN for IN Baby-dear NNP COMMA COMMA so CC there EX was VBD no DT place NN to TO put VB her PRP COMMA COMMA anyhow RB . . ( ( I PRP sometimes RB feel VBP that IN God NNP COMMA COMMA in IN His PRP$ infinite JJ wisdom NN COMMA COMMA wants VBZ us PRP to TO have VB these DT inexplicable JJ little JJ lapses NNS of IN memory NN . . It PRP almost RB always RB works VBZ out RP for IN the DT best JJS . . ) ) Yet CC I PRP adored VBD this DT man NN COMMA COMMA Letch NNP Feeley NNP COMMA COMMA why WRB COMMA COMMA I PRP can MD not RB say VB . . With IN faint JJ heart NN and CC a DT brave JJ smile NN COMMA COMMA I PRP endured VBD his PRP$ long JJ absences NNS from IN Chateau NNP Belletch NNP COMMA COMMA his PRP$ coldness NN COMMA COMMA his PRP$ indifference NN COMMA COMMA his PRP$ slights NNS and CC his PRP$ abuse NN . . The DT times NNS I PRP can MD recall VB when WRB I PRP was VBD publicly RB humiliated VBN by IN him PRP -- : lovely JJ dinner NN parties NNS in IN our PRP$ Trianon NNP Suite NNP where WRB the DT collation NN was VBD postponed VBN and CC postponed VBN and CC postponed VBN COMMA COMMA only RB to TO be VB served VBN dry JJ and CC overcooked JJ at IN a DT table NN where WRB the DT host NN 's POS chair NN was VBD vacant JJ ; : a DT `` `` splash NN party NN '' '' at IN the DT new JJ pool NN COMMA COMMA which WDT I PRP had VBD built VBN in IN the DT hope NN of IN keeping VBG Letch NNP away RB from IN public JJ beaches NNS COMMA COMMA when WRB Letch NNP and CC a DT certain JJ Aquacutie NNP stayed VBD underwater RB together RB for IN the DT better JJR part NN of IN an DT hour NN ; : a DT lovely JJ Epiphany NNP party NN at IN Errol NNP Flynn NNP 's POS COMMA COMMA on IN which WDT sacred JJ occasion NN Letch NNP stole VBD away RB with IN an DT unknown JJ `` `` starlet NN '' '' COMMA COMMA leaving VBG me PRP `` `` high JJ and CC dry JJ '' '' to TO get VB home RB as RB best RBS I PRP could MD . . These DT are VBP but RB a DT sampling NN of IN the DT insults NNS I PRP endured VBD . . As IN Mrs. NNP Letch NNP Feeley NNP COMMA COMMA was VBD it PRP any DT wonder NN that IN I PRP COMMA COMMA once RB the DT social JJ arbiter NN of IN Filmdom NNP COMMA COMMA was VBD excluded VBN from IN the DT smart JJ entertainments NNS given VBN by IN the DT Astaires NNPS COMMA COMMA the DT Coopers NNPS COMMA COMMA the DT Gables NNPS COMMA COMMA the DT Colmans NNPS COMMA COMMA the DT Rathbones NNPS COMMA COMMA the DT Taylors NNPS COMMA COMMA the DT Thalbergs NNPS and CC such JJ devout JJ COMMA COMMA closely RB knit VBN families NNS as IN the DT Barrymores NNPS and CC the DT Crosbys NNPS ? . As IN Letch NNP 's POS antisocial JJ conduct NN increased VBD COMMA COMMA our PRP$ invitations NNS decreased VBD and CC my PRP$ heart NN was VBD in IN my PRP$ mouth NN whenever WRB I PRP played VBD hostess NN at IN a DT fashionable JJ `` `` screenland NN '' '' gathering NN . . Between IN 1935 CD and CC 1939 CD Letch NNP and CC I PRP made VBD ten CD films NNS together RB COMMA COMMA each DT less RBR successful JJ COMMA COMMA both CC artistically RB and CC commercially RB COMMA COMMA than IN the DT one CD before IN it PRP . . Our PRP$ last JJ joint NN venture NN COMMA COMMA Sainted NNP Lady NNP COMMA COMMA a DT deeply RB religious JJ film NN based VBN on IN the DT life NN of IN Mother NNP Cabrini NNP COMMA COMMA and CC timed VBD so IN that IN its PRP$ release NN date NN would MD coincide VB with IN the DT beatification NN of IN America NNP 's POS first JJ saint NN in IN November NNP COMMA COMMA 1938 CD COMMA COMMA was VBD a DT fiasco NN from IN start NN to TO finish NN . . As IN I PRP was VBD playing VBG Mother NNP Cabrini NNP COMMA COMMA the DT picture NN was VBD actually RB `` `` all RB mine PRP '' '' COMMA COMMA with IN nearly RB every DT scene NN built VBN around IN me PRP . . But CC in IN order NN to TO keep VB Letch NNP in IN the DT public JJ eye NN and CC out IN of IN trouble NN COMMA COMMA I PRP wrote VBD in RP a DT part NN especially RB for IN him PRP -- : that DT of IN a DT dashing JJ ruffian NN who WP `` `` sees VBZ the DT light NN '' '' and CC is VBZ saved VBN by IN the DT inspiring JJ example NN of IN Mother NNP Cabrini NNP . . And CC did VBD he PRP appreciate VB my PRP$ efforts NNS on IN his PRP$ behalf NN ? . Did VBD he PRP trouble VB to TO memorize VB the DT very RB small JJ part NN which WDT I PRP had VBD `` `` tailor-made VBN '' '' to TO his PRP$ specifications NNS COMMA COMMA a DT role NN eventually RB cut VBN down RP to TO three CD short JJ speeches NNS ? . Did VBD he PRP show VB the DT rest NN of IN the DT cast NN -- : numbering VBG four CD thousand CD -- : the DT consideration NN of IN arriving VBG at IN the DT studio NN punctually RB -- : or CC even RB at IN all DT ? . He PRP did VBD not RB ! . The DT `` `` shooting NN '' '' went VBD on RP for IN eight CD months NNS ! . Most JJS of IN our PRP$ working NN days NNS were VBD spent VBN on IN the DT telephone NN calling VBG `` `` bookies NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA illegal JJ gambling NN dens NNS COMMA COMMA a DT certain JJ `` `` residential JJ club NN for IN young JJ actresses NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA more JJR than IN a DT hundred CD different JJ bars NNS or CC the DT steam NN room NN of IN the DT athletic JJ club NN . . Whenever WRB he PRP deigned VBD to TO appear VB at IN the DT studio NN he PRP was VBD `` `` hung JJ over RP '' '' COMMA COMMA uncooperative JJ COMMA COMMA rude JJ and CC insulting JJ . . He PRP made VBD many JJ tasteless JJ COMMA COMMA irreverent JJ and CC unfunny JJ remarks NNS COMMA COMMA not RB only RB about IN me PRP in IN the DT title NN role NN COMMA COMMA but CC about IN religion NN in IN general NN . . By IN the DT time NN the DT film NN was VBD released VBN we PRP were VBD three CD million CD dollars NNS over-spent JJ COMMA COMMA war NN was VBD imminent JJ and CC the DT public NN apparently RB had VBD forgotten VBN all RB about IN Mother NNP Cabrini NNP . . Thanks NNS to TO Letch NNP Feeley NNP and CC the DT terrible JJ strain NN he PRP imposed VBD on IN me PRP COMMA COMMA the DT notices NNS were VBD few JJ and CC unfavorable JJ . . Only RB George NNP Santayana NNP seemed VBD to TO understand VB and CC appreciate VB the DT film NN when WRB he PRP wrote VBD : : `` `` Miss NNP Poitrine NNP has VBZ perpetrated VBN the DT most RBS eloquent JJ argument NN for IN the DT Protestant NNP faith NN yet RB unleashed VBN by IN Hollywood NNP '' '' . . But CC it PRP was VBD small JJ consolation NN . . In IN a DT rare JJ fit NN of IN anger NN and CC spite NN COMMA COMMA I PRP `` `` farmed VBD out RP '' '' my PRP$ own JJ husband NN to TO a DT small JJ and CC most RBS undistinguished JJ studio NN to TO make VB one CD picture NN as IN a DT form NN of IN punishment NN . . ( ( An DT actor NN must MD have VB discipline NN . . ) ) The DT film NN was VBD called VBN The DT Diet NNP of IN Worms NNPS COMMA COMMA which WDT I PRP felt VBD was VBD just RB what WP Letch NNP deserved VBD . . It PRP turned VBD out RP to TO be VB a DT life NN of IN Martin NNP Luther NNP COMMA COMMA of IN all DT things NNS ! . It PRP was VBD a DT disaster NN ! . In IN clothes NNS COMMA COMMA Letch NNP simply RB did VBD not RB project VB . . He PRP was VBD laughed VBN off IN the DT screen NN . . At IN the DT same JJ time NN COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA I PRP availed VBD myself PRP of IN the DT services NNS of IN that DT great JJ English JJ actor NN and CC master NN of IN make-up NN COMMA COMMA Sir NNP Gauntley NNP Pratt NNP COMMA COMMA to TO do VB a DT `` `` quickie NN '' '' called VBN The DT Mystery NNP of IN the DT Mad NNP Marquess NNP COMMA COMMA in IN which WDT I PRP played VBD a DT young JJ American JJ girl NN who WP inherits VBZ a DT haunted VBN castle NN on IN the DT English JJ moors NNS which WDT is VBZ filled VBN with IN secret JJ passages NNS and CC sliding VBG panels NNS and CC COMMA COMMA unbeknownst JJ to TO anyone NN COMMA COMMA is VBZ still RB occupied VBN by IN an DT eccentric JJ maniac NN . . It PRP was VBD a DT `` `` potboiler NN '' '' made VBN on IN a DT `` `` shoestring NN '' '' and CC not RB the DT sort NN of IN film NN I PRP like VBP COMMA COMMA as IN all DT I PRP had VBD to TO do VB was VBD look VB blank JJ and CC scream VB a DT great JJ deal NN . . My PRP$ heart NN was VBD not RB in IN it PRP COMMA COMMA but CC COMMA COMMA oddly RB enough RB COMMA COMMA it PRP remains VBZ the DT most RBS financially RB successful JJ picture NN of IN my PRP$ career NN . . ( ( I PRP watched VBD it PRP on IN television NN late JJ one CD night NN last JJ week NN and CC it PRP `` `` stands VBZ up RP '' '' remarkably RB well RB COMMA COMMA even RB twenty CD years NNS later RB . . ) ) Letch NNP had VBD returned VBN from IN his PRP$ debacle NN unrepentant JJ and CC more RBR badly RB behaved JJ than IN before RB . . I PRP really RB loved VBD that DT boy NN COMMA COMMA and CC COMMA COMMA in IN a DT feverish JJ attempt NN to TO preserve VB our PRP$ marriage NN and CC to TO try VB to TO revive VB the DT wonderful JJ COMMA COMMA wonderful JJ person NN Letch NNP had VBD once RB been VBN COMMA COMMA I PRP took VBD my PRP$ troubles NNS to TO Momma NNP COMMA COMMA hoping VBG that IN her PRP$ earthy JJ advice NN would MD help VB me PRP . . `` `` If IN I PRP could MD only RB think VB of IN something NN at IN the DT studio NN COMMA COMMA near IN me PRP COMMA COMMA to TO absorb VB his PRP$ boundless JJ energy NN '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD . . `` `` What WP is VBZ Letch NNP interested JJ in IN '' '' ? . `` `` Bookies NNS COMMA COMMA booze NN and CC babes NNS '' '' COMMA COMMA Momma NNP said VBD bluntly RB . . Her PRP$ reply NN stung VBD me PRP COMMA COMMA but CC this DT was VBD too RB important JJ to TO let VB my PRP$ hurt NN make VB any DT difference NN . . `` `` I PRP ca MD n't RB turn VB the DT studio NN into IN a DT gambling NN hell NN or CC a DT saloon NN '' '' COMMA COMMA I PRP said VBD . . A DT Brief JJ History NN Prehistoric JJ man NN in IN Asia NNP Minor NNP ( ( now RB modern JJ Turkey NNP ) ) or CC Greece NNP could MD look VB out RB across IN the DT Aegean NNP toward IN the DT horizon NN and CC see VB the DT faint JJ silhouette NN of IN land NN . . Their PRP$ curiosity NN pushed VBD them PRP to TO build VB vessels NNS that WDT were VBD strong JJ enough RB to TO ford VB the DT open JJ seas NNS and CC reach VB these DT islands NNS COMMA COMMA marking VBG the DT start NN of IN the DT long JJ legacy NN of IN Mediterranean JJ seafaring NN . . Around IN 7000 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA the DT Phoenicians NNPS set VBD out RP from IN what WP is VBZ now RB Iran NNP to TO explore VB their PRP$ surroundings NNS . . They PRP eventually RB reached VBD the DT islands NNS COMMA COMMA and CC founded VBD colonies NNS on IN the DT islands NNS in IN the DT northernmost JJ part NN of IN the DT Aegean NNP Sea NNP . . An DT important JJ early JJ material NN COMMA COMMA obsidian NN COMMA COMMA was VBD discovered VBN on IN the DT island NN of IN Milos NNP . . Obsidian NN is VBZ a DT hard JJ COMMA COMMA vitreous JJ volcanic JJ rock NN COMMA COMMA which WDT could MD be VB fashioned VBN into IN tools NNS for IN cutting NN and CC stabbing NN . . The DT high JJ quality NN of IN the DT seam NN on IN Milos NNP ensured VBD that IN the DT area NN remained VBD popular JJ with IN early JJ travelers NNS . . The DT basic JJ elements NNS of IN life NN in IN the DT Aegean NNP began VBD to TO come VB together RB as RB early RB as IN 5000 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA and CC were VBD already RB in IN place NN by IN the DT late JJ Bronze NNP Age NNP ( ( c. RB 2700 CD b. NN c. NN ) ) . . The DT major JJ changes NNS were VBD not RB to TO daily JJ tasks NNS and CC routines NNS COMMA COMMA but CC to TO the DT political JJ power NN base NN COMMA COMMA which WDT changed VBD regularly RB and CC not RB necessarily RB peacefully RB throughout IN the DT ages NNS . . Cycladic JJ Culture NN At IN around RB 3500 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA a DT sophisticated JJ culture NN evolved VBD in IN the DT Cyclades NNPS islands NNS . . The DT distinctive JJ COMMA COMMA sculpted VBN marble NN figures NNS of IN the DT era NN are VBP now RB being VBG reproduced VBN in IN vast JJ quantities NNS as IN souvenirs NNS . . You PRP will MD find VB original JJ examples NNS in IN the DT archaeological JJ museums NNS throughout IN the DT Cyclades NNPS COMMA COMMA although IN one CD of IN the DT earliest JJS examples NNS is VBZ in IN the DT museum NN on IN Paros NNP . . The DT people NNS farmed VBD and CC fished VBD ; . on IN the DT dawning NN of IN the DT Bronze NNP Age NNP in IN 2700 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA they PRP began VBD to TO work VB with IN metals NNS . . The DT Cycladic JJ culture NN was VBD influenced VBN by IN societies NNS in IN the DT east NN COMMA COMMA importing VBG the DT pottery NN wheel NN from IN Mesopotamia NNP . . They PRP also RB continued VBD to TO trade VB in IN obsidian NN and CC the DT local JJ marble NN . . The DT Minoans NNPS and CC the DT Myceneans NNPS Farther RB south RB in IN Crete NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Minoan NNP culture NN developed VBD after IN 2000 CD b. NN c. NN into IN the DT most RBS significant JJ of IN its PRP$ age NN COMMA COMMA spreading VBG its PRP$ influence NN throughout IN the DT region NN by IN trade NN and CC diplomacy NN . . Santorini NNP ( ( Thira NNP ) ) COMMA COMMA the DT next JJ major JJ island NN north RB COMMA COMMA was VBD heavily RB influenced VBN by IN Crete NNP COMMA COMMA and CC the DT settlements NNS of IN Thira NNP and CC Akrotiri NNP thrived VBD at IN this DT time NN . . The DT magnificent JJ frescoes NNS and CC mosaics NNS found VBN at IN Akrotiri NNP are VBP in IN Athens NNP at IN present JJ COMMA COMMA but CC the DT remains NNS of IN the DT buildings NNS at IN the DT site NN provide VBP ample JJ evidence NN of IN the DT sophistication NN of IN the DT culture NN here RB . . Around IN 1500 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA a DT massive JJ volcanic JJ eruption NN at IN Santorini NNP destroyed VBD not RB only RB Akrotiri NNP — : under IN feet NNS of IN ash NN and CC pumice NN — : but CC the DT whole JJ Minoan JJ civilization NN . . Massive JJ tidal JJ waves NNS swept VBD over IN Crete NNP COMMA COMMA and CC other JJ parts NNS of IN the DT Mediterranean NNP COMMA COMMA smashing VBG buildings NNS and CC drowning VBG many JJ thousands NNS of IN people NNS . . In IN the DT wake NN of IN this DT tremendous JJ natural JJ upheaval NN COMMA COMMA the DT Aegean NNP Islands NNPS next RB came VBD under IN the DT influence NN of IN the DT Mycenaeans NNPS ( ( at IN around RB 1300 CD b. NN c. NN ) ) COMMA COMMA who WP had VBD a DT base NN in IN the DT Peloponnese JJ region NN of IN the DT Greek JJ mainland NN . . The DT Mycenaeans NNPS were VBD an DT acquisitive JJ race NN who WP came VBD to TO conquer VB COMMA COMMA not RB to TO trade VB . . Their PRP$ extensive JJ military JJ campaigns NNS were VBD later RB chronicled VBN by IN Homer NNP in IN his PRP$ epic JJ poems NNS The DT Odyssey NN and CC The DT Iliad NNP . . The DT Rise NN of IN Athens NNP The DT Dorians NNPS COMMA COMMA who WP came VBD overland RB from IN northern JJ Europe NNP COMMA COMMA conquered VBD the DT Mycenaeans NNPS . . They PRP were VBD a DT barbaric JJ race NN COMMA COMMA and CC their PRP$ custody NN of IN the DT area NN brought VBD about RP a DT dark JJ period NN during IN which WDT the DT written JJ word NN was VBD forgotten VBN and CC art NN disappeared VBD . . They PRP held VBD sway NN over IN islands NNS off IN the DT northern JJ Greek JJ coast NN COMMA COMMA but CC the DT Phoenicians NNPS kept VBD control NN of IN the DT main JJ sea NN routes NNS ; . south RB of IN the DT area NN COMMA COMMA trade NN continued VBD as IN usual JJ . . At IN the DT same JJ time NN COMMA COMMA city-states NN began VBD to TO grow VB in IN influence NN on IN the DT southern JJ Greek JJ mainland NN . . Athens NNP became VBD the DT most RBS powerful JJ COMMA COMMA heralding VBG the DT start NN of IN the DT classical JJ Greek JJ period NN . . However RB COMMA COMMA Greece NNP was VBD not RB yet RB a DT country NN ; COMMA each DT city-state NN was VBD self NN - HYPH governing VBG and CC autonomous JJ . . The DT new JJ culture NN spread VBD throughout IN the DT Mediterranean NNP COMMA COMMA helped VBN by IN a DT huge JJ increase NN in IN migration NN from IN the DT mainland NN to TO new JJ settlements NNS such JJ as IN Carthage NNP COMMA COMMA a DT Greek JJ city NN on IN the DT African JJ coast NN of IN the DT Mediterranean NNP . . Culture NN and CC the DT arts NNS flourished VBD once RB again RB . . Athletic JJ prowess NN was VBD admired VBN and CC the DT Olympic JJ games NNS were VBD constituted VBN in IN 776 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA to TO promote VB friendly JJ competition NN . . Homer NNP wrote VBD his PRP$ epic JJ works NNS on IN Chios NNP ; COMMA and CC lyrical JJ poetry NN was VBD much RB admired VBN COMMA COMMA particularly RB the DT work NN of IN the DT poets NNS Archilochos NNPS on IN Paros NNP and CC Sappho NNP on IN Lesvos NNP . . The DT preeminent JJ islands NNS of IN this DT era NN were VBD Delos NNP COMMA COMMA a DT sacred JJ island NN and CC center NN of IN religion NN ruled VBN by IN Athens NNP ; COMMA Samos NNP COMMA COMMA ruled VBN by IN the DT tyrant NN Polycrates NNP ; COMMA and CC Naxos NNP COMMA COMMA whose WP$ ruler NN Lygdamis NNP undertook VBD some DT major JJ building NN projects NNS . . Archaeology NN shows VBZ that IN COMMA COMMA during IN this DT time NN COMMA COMMA societies NNS lived VBD mainly RB in IN coastal JJ trading NN towns NNS with IN little JJ settlement NN inland RB . . The DT Persian JJ Wars NNS As IN Athens NNP rose VBD in IN influence NN and CC power NN in IN the DT West NNP COMMA COMMA it PRP was VBD matched VBN in IN the DT East NNP by IN the DT rise NN of IN the DT Persian NNP Empire NNP . . From IN a DT power NN base NN in IN Anatolia NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Persians NNPS overran VBD the DT eastern JJ Aegean NNP Islands NNPS and CC set VBD their PRP$ sights NNS on IN the DT Cyclades NNPS . . In IN 490 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA they PRP captured VBD sacred JJ Delos NNP and CC razed VBD the DT settlements NNS on IN Naxos NNP . . The DT island NN communities NNS were VBD undecided JJ about IN which WDT side NN to TO back VB for IN a DT time NN . . Paros NNP and CC Andros NNP contributed VBD to TO the DT Persian JJ armory NN COMMA COMMA while IN others NNS supported VBD Athens NNP . . The DT two CD superpowers NNS finally RB clashed VBD at IN the DT epic JJ battles NNS of IN Marathon NNP and CC Salamis NNP in IN 480 CD b. NN c NN . . The DT Persians NNPS were VBD defeated VBN COMMA COMMA and CC Athens NNP duly RB punished VBD the DT islands NNS that WDT had VBD turned VBN against IN it PRP . . Following VBG its PRP$ victory NN COMMA COMMA Athens NNP introduced VBD the DT concept NN of IN a DT mutual JJ protection NN alliance NN ( ( a DT kind NN of IN NATO NNP of IN the DT ancient JJ world NN ) ) . . Several JJ islands NNS and CC Greek JJ city-states NN agreed VBD to TO work VB together RB COMMA COMMA and CC created VBD a DT treasury NN to TO fund VB their PRP$ plans NNS COMMA COMMA which WDT was VBD held VBN on IN the DT island NN of IN Delos NNP . . The DT alliance NN became VBD known VBN as IN the DT Delian NNP League NNP . . Although IN there EX were VBD minor JJ internal JJ wrangles NNS COMMA COMMA the DT league NN controlled VBD the DT Aegean NNP and CC the DT greater JJR Athenian NNP Empire NNP for IN most JJS of IN the DT fifth JJ century NN b. NN c NN . . Later RB COMMA COMMA in IN 454 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA the DT treasury NN was VBD transferred VBN to TO Athens NNP and CC its PRP$ deposits NNS were VBD used VBN to TO finance VB the DT construction NN of IN many JJ of IN the DT major JJ buildings NNS and CC temples NNS of IN the DT Classical NNP Age NNP . . In IN 431 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA Athens NNP began VBD a DT war NN with IN its PRP$ neighbor NN and CC league NN member NN Sparta NNP . . Although IN the DT islands NNS saw VBD little JJ action NN COMMA COMMA as IN the DT war NN went VBD on RB they PRP could MD see VB that IN Athens NNP was VBD slowly RB losing VBG its PRP$ power NN . . Before IN the DT end NN of IN the DT war NN in IN 401 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA many JJ islands NNS had VBD already RB transferred VBN their PRP$ allegiance NN to TO the DT victors NNS COMMA COMMA who WP were VBD led VBN by IN Philip NNP II NNP of IN Macedon NNP . . He PRP was VBD followed VBN in IN 336 CD b. NN c. NN by IN his PRP$ son NN Alexander NNP the DT Great NNP COMMA COMMA one CD of IN the DT most RBS remarkable JJ leaders NNS in IN history NN . . His PRP$ rise NN to TO power NN ushered VBD in RB the DT Hellenistic JJ period NN . . Hellenistic JJ and CC Roman JJ Periods NNS When WRB Alexander NNP went VBD on RP to TO conquer VB lands NNS as RB far RB to TO the DT east JJ as IN India NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Aegean NNP became VBD a DT crossroads NNS for IN the DT long JJ trading NN routes NNS . . Delos NNP became VBD one CD of IN the DT largest JJS marketplaces NNS in IN the DT empire NN . . Following VBG Alexander NNP ’s POS death NN COMMA COMMA his PRP$ lands NNS were VBD divided VBN among IN his PRP$ generals NNS . . Much JJ of IN the DT Aegean NNP came VBD under IN the DT rule NN of IN the DT Ptolemies NNPS COMMA COMMA along IN with IN Egypt NNP . . Cleopatra NNP was VBD a DT member NN of IN this DT famous JJ ruling VBG clan NN . . Although IN in IN 88 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA Mithradates NNP made VBD a DT swift JJ and CC successful JJ raid NN from IN the DT East NNP across IN Asia NNP Minor NNP and CC the DT Aegean NNP Islands NNPS COMMA COMMA the DT next JJ major JJ power NN change NN brought VBD influence NN from IN the DT West NNP . . The DT Greek NNP Hellenistic NNP Empire NNP was VBD gradually RB COMMA COMMA and CC peacefully RB COMMA COMMA absorbed VBN into IN the DT Roman NNP Empire NNP . . The DT Byzantine NNP Empire NNP and CC the DT Coming NN of IN Christianity NNP The DT Romans NNPS ruled VBD a DT pagan JJ empire NN COMMA COMMA but CC the DT Aegean NNP had VBD an DT important JJ influence NN on IN the DT early JJ development NN of IN Christianity NNP . . In IN a. NN d. NN 95 CD COMMA COMMA St. NNP John NNP arrived VBD on IN Patmos NNP COMMA COMMA a DT small JJ rocky JJ island NN in IN the DT Dodecanese NNP COMMA COMMA as IN a DT political JJ prisoner NN . . It PRP was VBD here RB that WDT he PRP wrote VBD what WP was VBD to TO become VB the DT final JJ book NN of IN the DT New NNP Testament NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Book NNP of IN Revelation NNP . . It PRP was VBD n’t RB until IN a. NN d. NN 330 CD COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA when WRB the DT newly RB converted VBN Emperor NNP Constantine NNP made VBD Byzantium NNP COMMA COMMA renamed VBN Constantinople NNP COMMA COMMA capital NN of IN his PRP$ Eastern NNP Empire NNP that WDT Christianity NNP was VBD assured VBN of IN its PRP$ dominant JJ role NN in IN future JJ Greek JJ life NN . . The DT Byzantine NNP Empire NNP had VBD powerful JJ and CC well RB - HYPH fortified VBN cities NNS COMMA COMMA but CC the DT countryside NN and CC the DT outlying JJ islands NNS were VBD ravaged VBN by IN waves NNS of IN invaders NNS . . In IN an DT attempt NN to TO counter VB a DT threat NN from IN the DT Saracen NNP Muslims NNPS COMMA COMMA a DT new JJ potent JJ religious JJ force NN from IN the DT East NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Byzantine JJ army NN forcefully RB enlisted VBD the DT men NNS of IN the DT islands NNS . . Disease NN took VBD a DT further JJ toll NN . . By IN the DT time NN of IN the DT Crusades NNPS COMMA COMMA many JJ of IN the DT Aegean JJ islands NNS had VBD been VBN practically RB depopulated VBN . . As IN the DT Byzantine NNP Empire NNP weakened VBD at IN the DT end NN of IN the DT first JJ millennium NN COMMA COMMA Crusader NNP forces NNS were VBD sent VBN from IN Western NNP Europe NNP to TO counter VB the DT Muslim JJ forces NNS and CC retake VB Jerusalem NNP for IN the DT Christian JJ faith NN . . Unfortunately RB COMMA COMMA their PRP$ zeal NN was VBD not RB matched VBN by IN their PRP$ discrimination NN . . The DT crusaders NNS swept VBD through IN the DT land NN of IN Byzantium NNP slaughtering VBG Christians NNPS as RB well RB as IN Muslims NNPS COMMA COMMA civilians NNS as RB well RB as IN soldiers NNS . . Constantinople NNP was VBD taken VBN by IN Crusader NNP forces NNS in IN 1204 CD COMMA COMMA and CC they PRP stripped VBD the DT city NN of IN many JJ of IN its PRP$ finest NN treasures NNS — : which WDT now RB grace VBP the DT public JJ buildings NNS of IN Venice NNP — : although IN a DT large JJ consignment NN of IN books NNS and CC manuscripts NNS was VBD transferred VBN to TO the DT monastery NN at IN Patmos NNP before IN the DT city NN fell VBD . . While IN Byzantine JJ land NN was VBD being VBG divided VBN COMMA COMMA there EX was VBD no DT one NN in IN control NN of IN the DT seas NNS COMMA COMMA so CC pirates NNS raided VBD towns NNS on IN many JJ of IN the DT islands NNS . . To TO counter VB this DT COMMA COMMA the DT populations NNS moved VBD from IN their PRP$ homes NNS on IN the DT coast NN and CC built VBD settlements NNS inland RB COMMA COMMA out RB of IN sight NN of IN the DT raiding NN parties NNS . . This DT created VBD a DT pattern NN seen VBN today NN throughout IN the DT Aegean NNP of IN a DT small JJ port NN ( ( skala FW ) ) which WDT serves VBZ an DT inland NN settlement NN or CC chora FW COMMA COMMA making VBG it PRP easier JJR to TO protect VB the DT island NN from IN attack NN . . The DT minor JJ Aegean NNP Islands NNPS were VBD taken VBN by IN various JJ powerful JJ European JJ noblemen NNS COMMA COMMA many DT of IN whom WP were VBD Genoese JJ or CC Venetian JJ COMMA COMMA such JJ as IN Marco NNP Sanudo NNP on IN Naxos NNP . . The DT noblemen NNS had VBD free JJ rein NN to TO create VB their PRP$ own JJ fiefdoms NNS . . The DT Venetians NNPS fortified VBD their PRP$ main JJ towns NNS — : Naxos NNP Town NNP and CC Antiparos NNP Town NNP are VBP wonderful JJ examples NNS of IN this DT — : creating VBG labyrinths NNS of IN narrow JJ alleys NNS and CC cul-de-sacs NNS that WDT were VBD designed VBN to TO confuse VB and CC to TO demoralize VB invaders NNS . . The DT Genoese JJ took VBD control NN of IN the DT eastern JJ Aegean NNP Islands NNPS COMMA COMMA which WDT were VBD considered VBN the DT most RBS valuable JJ for IN agriculture NN and CC trade NN . . After IN a DT final JJ bloody JJ defeat NN by IN the DT Muslims NNPS in IN 1309 CD COMMA COMMA Christian JJ forces NNS were VBD forced VBN from IN the DT Holy NNP Land NNP . . The DT Knights NNPS of IN St. NNP John NNP COMMA COMMA a DT holy JJ military JJ force NN COMMA COMMA made VBD their PRP$ way NN to TO Rhodes NNPS and CC Kos NNP in IN the DT Dodecanese NNP . . They PRP began VBD the DT process NN of IN building VBG their PRP$ strong JJ citadels NNS COMMA COMMA and CC reinforcing VBG the DT Christian JJ faith NN on IN the DT islands NNS . . However RB COMMA COMMA they PRP had VBD not RB seen VBN the DT last JJ of IN their PRP$ Muslim JJ foe NN . . A DT force NN was VBD gaining VBG strength NN in IN the DT east NN to TO threaten VB their PRP$ new JJ bases NNS . . The DT Coming NN of IN the DT Ottoman NNP Turks NNPS The DT Ottomans NNPS were VBD roving VBG invaders NNS who WP came VBD from IN the DT east NN COMMA COMMA taking VBG land NN in IN what WP is VBZ now RB Turkey NNP . . By IN the DT end NN of IN the DT 13th JJ century NN COMMA COMMA they PRP began VBD their PRP$ first JJ raids NNS on IN the DT Aegean NNP Islands NNPS . . In IN 1453 CD COMMA COMMA they PRP took VBD Constantinople NNP COMMA COMMA and CC immediately RB made VBD it PRP their PRP$ capital NN COMMA COMMA renaming VBG it PRP Istanbul NNP . . They PRP then RB set VBD their PRP$ sights NNS on IN the DT islands NNS of IN the DT Knights NNPS of IN St. NNP John NNP and CC COMMA COMMA after IN an DT unsuccessful JJ siege NN in IN 1480 CD COMMA COMMA they PRP finally RB ejected VBD the DT knights NNS from IN the DT Dodecanese NNP in IN 1522 CD . . In IN 1566 CD COMMA COMMA they PRP wrested VBD Chios NNP from IN the DT Genoese JJ COMMA COMMA bolstering VBG their PRP$ hold NN on IN the DT eastern JJ Aegean NNP Islands NNPS COMMA COMMA but CC the DT Cyclades NNPS remained VBD in IN Venetian JJ hands NNS for IN another DT generation NN or CC more JJR — : Tinos NNP was VBD the DT last JJ to TO fall VB in IN 1715 CD . . The DT Ottomans NNPS brought VBD new JJ influences NNS to TO the DT islands NNS that WDT they PRP controlled VBD COMMA COMMA forming VBG a DT large JJ empire NN that WDT stretched VBD around IN the DT eastern JJ Mediterranean NNP . . Toward IN Greek JJ Independence NN However RB COMMA COMMA a DT movement NN was VBD growing VBG on IN the DT Greek JJ peninsula NN against IN Ottoman NNP rule NN and CC for IN an DT independent JJ Greek JJ state NN . . In IN 1770 CD COMMA COMMA Russia NNP came VBD to TO aid VB the DT Greeks NNPS ( ( defined VBN by IN their PRP$ Orthodox NNP religion NN rather RB than IN by IN historical JJ geographical JJ boundaries NNS ) ) COMMA COMMA declaring VBG war NN on IN the DT Ottoman NNP Empire NNP and CC occupying VBG several JJ Aegean JJ islands NNS until IN 1774 CD . . Graffiti NN written VBN by IN Russian JJ soldiers NNS can MD be VB seen VBN in IN the DT caves NNS of IN Antiparos NNP . . Although IN this DT attempt NN was VBD unsuccessful JJ COMMA COMMA the DT campaign NN for IN a DT Greek JJ state NN continued VBD into IN the DT 19th JJ century NN and CC began VBD to TO grow VB in IN strength NN . . The DT Aegean NNP Islands NNPS played VBD their PRP$ part NN . . Lesvos NNP COMMA COMMA Chios NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Samos NNP lay VBD in IN the DT important JJ shipping NN lanes NNS COMMA COMMA and CC patriots NNS began VBD disrupting VBG Ottoman NNP cargo NN traffic NN . . In IN return NN COMMA COMMA the DT Turks NNPS violently RB put VBD down RP every DT insurrection NN COMMA COMMA including VBG the DT massacre NN on IN Chios NNP COMMA COMMA when WRB 22COMMA000 CD people NNS were VBD slaughtered VBN . . The DT Ottoman NNP Empire NNP was VBD weakening VBG COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA and CC in IN 1821 CD COMMA COMMA the DT peoples NNS of IN the DT Greek JJ mainland NN achieved VBD nationhood NN for IN the DT first JJ time NN . . The DT Cyclades NNPS and CC the DT Sporades NNPS island NN chains NNS were VBD also RB included VBN in IN this DT new JJ state NN . . A DT new JJ sense NN of IN identity NN enveloped VBD Greek JJ peoples NNS throughout IN the DT Aegean NNP COMMA COMMA thus RB commencing VBG a DT movement NN to TO expand VB Greece NNP and CC unify VB the DT disparate JJ Orthodox NNP populations NNS . . The DT Twentieth JJ Century NN A DT series NN of IN disastrous JJ decisions NNS at IN the DT beginning NN of IN the DT 20th JJ century NN began VBD to TO sound VB a DT death NN knell NN for IN the DT Ottoman NNP Empire NNP . . The DT Turks NNPS lost VBD a DT short JJ war NN with IN Italy NNP COMMA COMMA and CC were VBD forced VBN to TO relinquish VB the DT Dodecanese JJ islands NNS to TO the DT Italians NNPS . . Greece NNP took VBD this DT opportunity NN to TO absorb VB the DT islands NNS of IN the DT northern JJ and CC eastern JJ Aegean NNP and CC to TO add VB Macedonia NNP to TO its PRP$ mainland JJ territories NNS . . Following VBG this DT debacle NN COMMA COMMA the DT Ottomans NNPS then RB allied VBD themselves PRP to TO Germany NNP in IN the DT World NNP War NNP I NNP COMMA COMMA losing VBG more JJR territory NN with IN the DT defeat NN of IN the DT Germans NNPS in IN that DT war NN . . Greece NNP was VBD handed VBN a DT strip NN of IN land NN along IN the DT western JJ coast NN of IN Asia NNP Minor NNP COMMA COMMA which WDT for IN over IN COMMA00 CD years NNS had VBD had VBN a DT substantial JJ Greek JJ population NN . . Greece NNP moved VBD in RB to TO administer VB the DT land NN COMMA COMMA but CC a DT new JJ influence NN upset VBD any DT grand JJ dreams NNS of IN making VBG this DT region NN a DT part NN of IN greater JJR Greece NNP . . In IN 1923 CD COMMA COMMA Turkey NNP broke VBD away RB from IN the DT tired JJ Ottoman NNP rulers NNS COMMA COMMA and CC Kemal NNP Ataturk NNP rose VBD to TO power NN on IN a DT wave NN of IN popular JJ support NN . . He PRP promised VBD a DT modern JJ state NN for IN his PRP$ people NNS COMMA COMMA but CC as IN the DT situation NN became VBD volatile JJ COMMA COMMA civil JJ strife NN broke VBD out RP in IN Turkish JJ cities NNS COMMA COMMA and CC those DT considered VBN Greek JJ were VBD victims NNS of IN threats NNS and CC violence NN . . Many JJ had VBD to TO leave VB their PRP$ birthplaces NNS COMMA COMMA fleeing VBG to TO Lesvos NNP COMMA COMMA Chios NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Samos NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Greek NNP - HYPH ruled VBN islands NNS just RB offshore RB . . Thousands NNS of IN people NNS arrived VBD with IN little RB more JJR than IN the DT clothes NNS they PRP wore VBD COMMA COMMA putting VBG great JJ strain NN on IN the DT resources NNS of IN the DT islands NNS . . Finally RB COMMA COMMA Greece NNP was VBD ousted VBN from IN its PRP$ new JJ territory NN in IN Asia NNP Minor NNP COMMA COMMA which WDT became VBD part NN of IN the DT new JJ Turkish JJ state NN . . Greece NNP attempted VBD to TO stay VB out RB of IN World NNP War NNP II NNP COMMA COMMA but CC Mussolini NNP saw VBD Greece NNP as IN an DT ideal JJ addition NN to TO his PRP$ Italian JJ empire NN . . His PRP$ forces NNS made VBD a DT series NN of IN attacks NNS from IN their PRP$ bases NNS in IN the DT Dodecanese JJ islands NNS COMMA COMMA including VBG sinking VBG a DT Greek JJ naval JJ vessel NN in IN the DT harbor NN of IN Tinos NNP Town NNP COMMA COMMA but CC they PRP only RB succeeded VBD in IN strengthening VBG the DT resolve NN of IN the DT population NN against IN them PRP . . Later RB the DT Germans NNPS came VBD in IN force NN and CC occupied VBD many JJ of IN the DT islands NNS . . After IN the DT war NN COMMA COMMA in IN 1949 CD COMMA COMMA the DT Dodecanese JJ islands NNS finally RB became VBD part NN of IN the DT Greek JJ nation NN . . But CC the DT country NN was VBD politically RB fragmented JJ COMMA COMMA with IN arguments NNS between IN monarchists NNS and CC republicans NNS COMMA COMMA right NN and CC left NN COMMA COMMA and CC tension NN escalated VBD into IN civil JJ war NN . . The DT struggle NN bypassed VBD most JJS of IN the DT islands NNS COMMA COMMA although IN there EX was VBD fierce JJ fighting NN on IN Samos NNP . . Even RB after IN the DT fighting NN stopped VBD more JJR than IN a DT decade NN later RB COMMA COMMA the DT country NN was VBD not RB stable JJ . . At IN the DT same JJ time NN COMMA COMMA the DT massive JJ growth NN in IN air NN and CC road NN transport NN saw VBD shipping NN decline VB in IN importance NN . . The DT Aegean NNP Islands NNPS COMMA COMMA which WDT for IN centuries NNS had VBD been VBN important JJ ports NNS on IN the DT trading NN routes NNS COMMA COMMA became VBD the DT backwaters NNS of IN this DT new JJ transport NN network NN and CC the DT economies NNS of IN several JJ islands NNS came VBD close RB to TO collapse NN . . In IN 1967 CD COMMA COMMA the DT military NN took VBD the DT reins NNS of IN power NN in IN Athens NNP COMMA COMMA and CC until IN 1974 CD COMMA COMMA the DT “ '' Colonels NNP ” '' held VBD sway NN with IN a DT repressive JJ and CC brutal JJ regime NN . . Many JJ Greek JJ islanders NNS chose VBD to TO leave VB rather RB than IN live VB in IN poverty NN and CC terror NN COMMA COMMA and CC many JJ made VBD new JJ homes NNS in IN the DT United NNP States NNP and CC Australia NNP . . The DT expansion NN of IN air NN travel NN began VBD the DT age NN of IN mass JJ tourism NN COMMA COMMA and CC Greece NNP along IN with IN the DT Aegean NNP Islands NNPS became VBD exciting JJ destinations NNS for IN northern JJ Europeans NNPS escaping VBG their PRP$ damp JJ COMMA COMMA cool JJ summers NNS . . In IN 1982 CD COMMA COMMA Greece NNP joined VBD the DT European NNP Common NNP Market NNP ( ( now RB the DT European NNP Union NNP ) ) . . Since IN this DT time NN COMMA COMMA membership NN has VBZ been VBN of IN great JJ monetary JJ benefit NN to TO the DT country NN . . The DT EU NNP has VBZ given VBN large JJ subsidies NNS to TO develop VB Greece NNP ’s POS infrastructure NN and CC grants NNS to TO excavate VB and CC protect VB its PRP$ ancient JJ monuments NNS . . Airfields NNS have VBP been VBN constructed VBN on IN a DT number NN of IN the DT islands NNS COMMA COMMA and CC road NN systems NNS have VBP been VBN expanded VBN and CC improved VBN . . Private JJ investment NN has VBZ even RB made VBN an DT increasingly RB modern JJ ferry NN fleet NN possible JJ . . Politically RB COMMA COMMA the DT 1990s NNS have VBP been VBN relatively RB quiet JJ times NNS for IN the DT islands NNS COMMA COMMA although IN the DT divorce NN of IN Greek JJ prime JJ minister NN Andreas NNP Papandreou NNP and CC his PRP$ subsequent JJ marriage NN to TO a DT much RB younger JJR woman NN caused VBD consternation NN within IN conservative JJ Greek JJ society NN . . As IN the DT Balkans NNPS flared VBD to TO war NN once RB again RB COMMA COMMA Greek JJ nationalism NN has VBZ stirred VBN COMMA COMMA and CC there EX have VBP been VBN discussions NNS in IN the DT kafeneion FW about IN the DT land NN of IN Macedonia NNP returning VBG to TO the DT fold NN of IN its PRP$ forefathers NNS . . Whether IN this DT will MD ever RB happen VB remains VBZ to TO be VB seen VBN COMMA COMMA but CC perhaps RB the DT aid NN offered VBN by IN Greece NNP to TO Turkey NNP after IN 1999 CD ’s POS devastating VBG earthquake NN is VBZ a DT sign NN that IN the DT animosity NN between IN these DT two CD traditional JJ enemies NNS is VBZ beginning VBG to TO diminish VB . . A DT Brief JJ History NN Jerusalem NNP 's POS recorded JJ history NN begins VBZ with IN its PRP$ mention NN in IN Egyptian JJ court NN records NNS 4COMMA000 CD years NNS ago RB COMMA COMMA but CC there EX had VBD been VBN human JJ settlements NNS here RB for IN centuries NNS COMMA COMMA probably RB millennia NN COMMA COMMA before IN that DT . . At IN the DT beginning NN of IN the DT second JJ millennium NN b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA Jerusalem NNP was VBD a DT Canaanite JJ mountain NN stronghold NN on IN a DT secondary JJ trade NN route NN COMMA COMMA far RB less RBR important JJ than IN biblical JJ cities NNS such JJ as IN Hazor NNP COMMA COMMA Megiddo NNP COMMA COMMA Beth NNP Shean NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Shechem NNP . . The DT earliest JJS name NN associated VBN with IN the DT city NN COMMA COMMA Ur NNP usalim NNP COMMA COMMA perhaps RB meant VBD " '' city NN of IN Shalim NNP " '' or CC " '' founded VBN by IN Shalim NNP . . " '' Scholars NNS speculate VBP that IN Shalim NNP might MD have VB been VBN an DT ancient JJ Semitic JJ deity NN of IN peace NN COMMA COMMA for IN the DT name NN resembles VBZ the DT modern JJ Hebrew NNP and CC Arabic JJ words NNS for IN " '' peace NN " '' : : shalom NN and CC salaam NN COMMA COMMA respectively RB . . If IN true JJ COMMA COMMA this DT is VBZ an DT ironic JJ name NN for IN a DT city NN that WDT would MD become VB one CD of IN the DT most RBS constantly RB and CC bitterly RB embattled JJ places NNS on IN the DT face NN of IN the DT earth NN . . Biblical JJ Jerusalem NN In IN the DT Bible NNP COMMA COMMA Genesis JJ 14 CD : : 18 CD - SYM 20 CD records VBZ that IN Abraham NNP visited VBD the DT city NN of IN " '' Salem NNP " '' in IN approximately RB 1800 CD b. NN c. NN and CC was VBD blessed VBN by IN the DT city NN 's POS ruler NN COMMA COMMA Melchzedik NNP COMMA COMMA who WP offered VBD him PRP bread NN and CC wine NN . . The DT city NN is VBZ not RB mentioned VBN again RB in IN the DT Bible NNP until IN the DT time NN of IN the DT great JJ poet NN warrior NN COMMA COMMA King NNP David NNP COMMA COMMA who WP captured VBD the DT city NN from IN the DT Jebusites NNPS in IN about RB 1000 CD b. NN c NN . . The DT Bible NNP describes VBZ how WRB David NNP 's POS soldiers NNS conquered VBD Jerusalem NNP by IN discovering VBG a DT water NN tunnel NN under IN the DT walls NNS and CC using VBG it PRP to TO take VB the DT city NN by IN surprise NN . . Warren NNP 's POS Shaft NNP COMMA COMMA part NN of IN a DT Canaanite JJ water NN system NN discovered VBN by IN 19th JJ - HYPH century NN archaeologists NNS and CC open JJ to TO visitors NNS COMMA COMMA might MD be VB the DT very JJ tunnel NN infiltrated VBN by IN David NNP 's POS army NN . . Perhaps RB because IN Jerusalem NNP was VBD in IN neutral JJ territory NN not RB allotted VBN to TO any DT of IN the DT twelve JJ rival JJ tribes NNS of IN Israel NNP COMMA COMMA David NNP made VBD it PRP the DT capital NN of IN his PRP$ newly RB formed VBN kingdom NN and CC brought VBD the DT most RBS talented JJ artisans NNS COMMA COMMA dedicated VBN priests NNS COMMA COMMA magical JJ poets NNS and CC musicians NNS COMMA COMMA and CC the DT most RBS formidable JJ soldiers NNS from IN each DT of IN the DT tribes NNS to TO live VB in IN his PRP$ city NN . . He PRP also RB brought VBD the DT Ark NNP of IN the DT Covenant NNP COMMA COMMA the DT portable JJ tabernacle NN containing VBG the DT Tablets NNPS of IN the DT Law NNP received VBN on IN Mount NNP Sinai NNP COMMA COMMA to TO the DT Spring NNP of IN Gihon NNP COMMA COMMA just RB outside IN the DT walls NNS of IN Jerusalem NNP . . There RB the DT Ark NNP rested VBD until IN it PRP was VBD placed VBN in IN the DT Temple NNP COMMA COMMA built VBN in IN approximately RB 960 CD b. NN c. NN on IN Mt. NNP Moriah NNP COMMA COMMA the DT high JJ point NN at IN the DT northern JJ end NN of IN the DT city NN . . The DT Temple NNP ( ( today NN known VBN as IN the DT " '' First NNP " '' Temple NNP ) ) was VBD completed VBN by IN David NNP 's POS son NN and CC successor NN COMMA COMMA King NNP Solomon NNP . . According VBG to TO biblical JJ tradition NN COMMA COMMA although IN David NNP bought VBD the DT land NN for IN the DT Temple NNP and CC carefully RB assembled VBD its PRP$ building NN materials NNS COMMA COMMA he PRP was VBD deemed VBN unworthy JJ of IN constructing VBG the DT Temple NN because IN he PRP was VBD a DT man NN of IN war NN with IN blood NN on IN his PRP$ hands NNS . . At IN the DT Temple NNP 's POS dedication NN COMMA COMMA Solomon NNP addressed VBD his PRP$ God NNP : : " '' ... : the DT Heavens NNPS COMMA COMMA even RB the DT Heaven NNP of IN the DT Heavens NNPS COMMA COMMA can MD not RB contain VB Thee PRP ; : how WRB much JJ less RBR this DT House NN that WDT I PRP have VBP built VBN ? . " '' The DT site NN of IN the DT Temple NNP eventually RB became VBD identified VBN as IN Mt. NNP Moriah NNP COMMA COMMA on IN which WDT it PRP stood VBD COMMA COMMA where WRB Abraham NNP was VBD called VBN to TO sacrifice VB his PRP$ son NN Isaac NNP . . Along IN with IN this DT splendid JJ house NN of IN worship NN COMMA COMMA Solomon NNP built VBD a DT royal JJ palace NN COMMA COMMA mansions NNS for IN his PRP$ wives NNS COMMA COMMA temples NNS for IN the DT foreign JJ gods NNS worshipped VBN by IN the DT princesses NNS he PRP had VBD married VBN COMMA COMMA and CC towers NNS for IN the DT defense NN of IN the DT capital NN . . Under IN the DT wise JJ reign NN of IN Solomon NNP COMMA COMMA the DT city NN flourished VBD as IN the DT capital NN of IN an DT empire NN that WDT stretched VBD from IN Damascus NNP to TO the DT Red NNP Sea NNP and CC controlled VBD the DT trade NN routes NNS from IN Egypt NNP to TO Phoenicia NNP . . The DT Temple NNP and CC royal JJ palace NN were VBD adorned VBN with IN gold NN and CC ivory NN from IN Africa NNP and CC with IN cedar NN from IN Lebanon NNP ; : the DT beauties NNS and CC glories NNS of IN Jerusalem NNP under IN Solomon NNP have VBP captivated VBN readers NNS of IN the DT Bible NNP for IN almost RB 3COMMA000 CD years NNS . . But CC with IN his PRP$ death NN the DT empire NN collapsed VBD COMMA COMMA and CC the DT Israelite JJ kingdom NN was VBD divided VBN into IN two CD separate JJ COMMA COMMA impoverished JJ COMMA COMMA often RB warring VBG nations NNS : : Israel NNP COMMA COMMA with IN its PRP$ capital NN at IN Shechem NNP in IN the DT north NN COMMA COMMA ruled VBN by IN a DT series NN of IN northern JJ dynasties NNS ; : and CC the DT smaller JJR kingdom NN of IN Judah NNP COMMA COMMA with IN its PRP$ capital NN at IN Jerusalem NNP COMMA COMMA from IN which WDT the DT Davidic JJ dynasty NN continued VBD to TO rule VB . . The DT Bible NNP tells VBZ us PRP that IN the DT cruelty NN and CC impiety NN of IN the DT rulers NNS of IN both DT kingdoms NNS aroused VBD the DT fury NN of IN the DT great JJ Prophets NNPS . . In IN 701 CD b. NN c. NN the DT Assyrian JJ armies NNS of IN Sennacherib NNP destroyed VBD Israel NNP and CC moved VBD southward RB to TO besiege VB Jerusalem NNP . . Thanks NNS to TO King NNP Hezekiah NNP 's POS hidden JJ water NN tunnel NN COMMA COMMA the DT city NN narrowly RB escaped VBD destruction NN . . The DT end NN of IN David NNP 's POS dynasty NN came VBD in IN 587 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA when WRB Nebuchadnezzar NNP COMMA COMMA King NNP of IN Babylon NNP COMMA COMMA invaded VBD Judah NNP to TO lay VB siege NN to TO Jerusalem NNP . . When WRB it PRP fell VBD COMMA COMMA the DT Temple NNP and CC all PDT the DT buildings NNS were VBD burned VBN . . The DT people NNS of IN the DT once RB - HYPH glorious JJ city NN were VBD forced VBN into IN an DT exile NN known VBN as IN " '' the DT Babylonian NNP Captivity NNP . . " '' In IN time NN COMMA COMMA the DT kingdom NN of IN Babylon NNP was VBD overthrown VBN and CC the DT Israelites NNPS were VBD permitted VBN to TO return VB to TO Jerusalem NNP in IN 539 CD b. NN c NN . . The DT city NN was VBD now RB under IN the DT more RBR tolerant JJ rule NN of IN the DT Persians NNPS COMMA COMMA but CC rebuilding NN was VBD slow JJ work NN . . The DT Second NNP Temple NNP was VBD finished VBN in IN 515 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA but CC much JJ of IN the DT city NN still RB lay VBD in IN ruins NNS . . Jerusalem NNP submitted VBD peaceably RB to TO the DT rule NN of IN the DT Greeks NNPS in IN 332 CD b. NN c. NN under IN Alexander NNP the DT Great NNP and CC COMMA COMMA subsequently RB COMMA COMMA to TO his PRP$ Hellenistic JJ successors NNS as RB well RB as IN the DT Egyptian JJ Ptolomeys NNPS and CC the DT Syrian JJ Seleucids NNPS . . When WRB Seleucid JJ rulers NNS outlawed VBD Judaism NNP COMMA COMMA Jews NNPS led VBN by IN Judah NNP Maccabee NNP and CC his PRP$ brothers NNS staged VBD a DT revolution NN in IN 167 CD b. NN c. NN and CC COMMA COMMA against IN all DT odds NNS COMMA COMMA restored VBD the DT primacy NN of IN Jewish JJ religious JJ life NN in IN Jerusalem NNP . . The DT Macabbees NNPS cleansed VBD the DT Temple NN of IN Hellenistic JJ idols NNS and CC the DT blood NN of IN pagan JJ sacrifices NNS ; COMMA the DT eight CD - HYPH day NN celebration NN of IN Hanukkah NNP ( ( Feast NNP of IN Dedication NNP ) ) commemorates VBZ their PRP$ victory NN . . The DT Hasmonean JJ dynasty NN COMMA COMMA descendants NNS of IN the DT Maccabee NNP family NN COMMA COMMA ruled VBD an DT independent JJ Jewish JJ Commonwealth NN that WDT stretched VBD from IN the DT Negev NNP to TO the DT Galilee NNP . . Jerusalem NNP grew VBD COMMA COMMA surrounded VBN with IN a DT formidable JJ wall NN and CC defended VBN by IN towers NNS beside IN the DT Jaffa NNP Gate NNP . . The DT Hasmoneans NNPS ruled VBD until IN Pompey NNP 's POS Roman NNP legions NNS arrived VBD in IN 63 CD b. NN c NN . . Roman JJ Jerusalem NNP After IN the DT initial JJ years NNS of IN Roman JJ administration NN and CC political JJ infighting NN COMMA COMMA Rome NNP installed VBD Herod NNP ( ( scion NN of IN a DT family NN from IN Idumea NNP COMMA COMMA a DT Jewish JJ kingdom NN in IN the DT desert NN ) ) as IN King NNP of IN Judea NNP . . He PRP reigned VBD from IN 37 CD to TO 4 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA during IN which WDT time NN he PRP fortified VBD the DT Hasmonean JJ wall NN and CC rebuilt VBD the DT defense NN towers NNS beside IN Jaffa NNP Gate NNP COMMA COMMA the DT foundation NN of IN which WDT still RB stand VBP . . Several JJ palaces NNS were VBD built VBN and CC a DT water NN system NN installed VBN . . Herod NNP also RB completely RB rebuilt VBD the DT Temple NNP COMMA COMMA making VBG it PRP one CD of IN the DT most RBS important JJ religious JJ centers NNS in IN the DT Roman NNP Empire NNP . . The DT courtyard NN around IN the DT Temple NNP was VBD expanded VBN to TO accommodate VB hundreds NNS of IN thousands NNS of IN pilgrims NNS COMMA COMMA and CC the DT Temple NNP Mount NNP was VBD shored VBN up RP by IN retaining VBG walls NNS made VBN with IN great JJ stone NN blocks NNS . . One CD of IN these DT walls NNS COMMA COMMA the DT Western NNP Wall NNP COMMA COMMA is VBZ today NN a DT major JJ reminder NN of IN Jerusalem NNP 's POS greatness NN under IN Herod NNP . . A DT massive JJ fortress NN was VBD built VBN overlooking VBG the DT Temple NNP Mount NNP COMMA COMMA which WDT Herod VBD named VBN " '' Antonia NNP " '' in IN honor NN of IN his PRP$ Roman JJ friend NN and CC benefactor NN COMMA COMMA Mark NNP Antony NNP . . For IN all PDT his PRP$ accomplishments NNS COMMA COMMA Herod NNP was VBD nevertheless RB hated VBN by IN his PRP$ subjects NNS ; COMMA he PRP taxed VBD COMMA COMMA he PRP tortured VBD COMMA COMMA and CC he PRP ordered VBD the DT massacre NN of IN male JJ Jewish JJ infants NNS in IN an DT attempt NN to TO do VB away RP with IN the DT heralded VBN Messiah NNP . . When WRB Jesus NNP was VBD born VBN in IN about RB 4 CD b. NN c. NN COMMA COMMA Joseph NNP and CC Mary NNP escaped VBD Herod NNP 's POS paranoia NN by IN fleeing VBG into IN Egypt NN with IN the DT new RB - HYPH born VBN infant NN . . They PRP returned VBD to TO live VB in IN the DT Galilee NNP village NN of IN Nazareth NNP COMMA COMMA making VBG pilgrimages NNS to TO Jerusalem NNP . . According VBG to TO biblical JJ accounts NNS COMMA COMMA Jesus NNP spent VBD his PRP$ life NN ministering VBG in IN the DT Galilee NNP Valley NNP . . In IN about RB a. NN d. NN 30 CD he PRP and CC his PRP$ followers NNS went VBD for IN Passover NNP to TO Jerusalem NNP COMMA COMMA which WDT was VBD in IN unrest NN at IN this DT time NN COMMA COMMA dissatisfied JJ with IN Roman JJ domination NN . . Jesus NNP 's POS entry NN into IN the DT Temple NN caused VBD a DT commotion NN ; COMMA after IN the DT Passover NNP dinner NN he PRP was VBD arrested VBN by IN the DT temple NN priests NNS COMMA COMMA who WP were VBD under IN direct JJ Roman JJ rule NN . . Jesus NNP was VBD put VBN on IN trial NN quickly RB and CC condemned VBN to TO crucifixion NN COMMA COMMA a DT Roman JJ form NN of IN execution NN for IN political JJ and CC religious JJ dissidents NNS as RB well RB as IN for IN common JJ criminals NNS . . In IN a DT province NN rife JJ with IN rebellion NN and CC retaliation NN COMMA COMMA the DT execution NN in IN Jerusalem NNP of IN yet RB another DT religious JJ leader NN from IN the DT Galilee NNP did VBD not RB by IN itself PRP have VB an DT immediate JJ effect NN on IN history NN . . After IN Jesus NNP 's POS crucifixion NN COMMA COMMA harsh JJ Roman JJ rule NN continued VBD until IN a. NN d. NN 66 CD COMMA COMMA when WRB the DT Jews NNPS rebelled VBD . . For IN four CD years NNS Jewish JJ zealots NNS fought VBD against IN the DT might NN of IN Rome NNP . . At IN the DT end NN COMMA COMMA the DT Roman JJ general NN Titus NNP laid VBD siege NN to TO Jerusalem NNP in IN a. NN d. NN 70 CD COMMA COMMA finally RB attacking VBG its PRP$ starved VBN and CC weakened VBN defenders NNS . . Those DT who WP did VBP n't RB escape VB were VBD executed VBN or CC sold VBN into IN slavery NN . . The DT Holy NNP City NNP and CC the DT Temple NNP were VBD destroyed VBN . . The DT last JJ of IN the DT zealots NNS held VBD out RP for IN another DT three CD years NNS at IN Masada NNP ( ( see VB page NN 76 CD ) ) . . Half PDT a DT million CD civilians NNS died VBD in IN the DT Galilee NNP and CC Judea NNP as IN a DT result NN of IN this DT first JJ revolt NN against IN Rome NNP COMMA COMMA a DT number NN unequaled JJ in IN ancient JJ warfare NN . . Christian JJ and CC Islamic JJ Jerusalem NNP For IN 60 CD years NNS Jerusalem NNP lay VBD in IN ruins NNS COMMA COMMA until IN the DT Roman NNP Emperor NNP Hadrian NNP ordered VBD the DT city NN rebuilt VBN as IN a DT Roman JJ town NN dedicated VBN to TO Jupiter NNP . . In IN outrage NN COMMA COMMA the DT Jews NNPS began VBD a DT second JJ revolt NN against IN Rome NNP COMMA COMMA led VBN by IN Simon NNP bar NN Kochba NNP . . The DT ruins NNS of IN Jerusalem NNP were VBD briefly NN liberated VBN COMMA COMMA but CC COMMA COMMA in IN the DT end NN COMMA COMMA Jewish JJ resistance NN to TO Rome NNP was VBD defeated VBN with IN great JJ loss NN of IN life NN . . The DT planned VBN new JJ Roman JJ city NN COMMA COMMA Aelia NNP Capitolina NNP COMMA COMMA was VBD built VBN over IN the DT ruins NNS of IN Herodian JJ Jerusalem NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Jews NNPS were VBD barred VBN from IN residing VBG there RB for IN all DT time NN . . Jerusalem NNP 's POS physical JJ existence NN as IN a DT spiritual JJ city NN seemed VBD finished VBN COMMA COMMA but CC its PRP$ spiritual JJ power NN for IN Jews NNPS COMMA COMMA and CC for IN the DT struggling VBG new JJ Christian JJ religion NN COMMA COMMA remained VBD . . For IN the DT next JJ two CD centuries NNS Aelia NNP Capitolina NNP enjoyed VBD an DT innocuous JJ history NN . . But CC the DT Roman NNP Empire NNP became VBD Christian JJ in IN the DT fourth JJ century NN COMMA COMMA and CC Jerusalem NNP became VBD a DT center NN of IN religion NN once RB again RB . . Queen NNP Helena NNP COMMA COMMA a DT devout JJ Christian NNP and CC the DT mother NN of IN Emperor NNP Constantine NNP the DT Great NNP COMMA COMMA made VBD a DT pilgrimage NN to TO the DT Holy NNP Land NNP in IN 326 CD to TO identify VB the DT sites NNS associated VBN with IN Jesus NNP 's POS life NN . . She PRP found VBD that IN the DT city NN 's POS most RBS beautiful JJ Roman JJ temple NN COMMA COMMA dedicated VBN to TO the DT goddess NN Aphrodite NNP COMMA COMMA stood VBD on IN the DT site NN of IN the DT crucifixion NN . . The DT temple NN was VBD demolished VBN and CC a DT vast JJ COMMA COMMA Classical JJ - HYPH style NN church NN was VBD built VBN around IN Golgotha NNP ( ( the DT hill NN where WRB Jesus NNS 's POS crucifixion NN was VBD believed VBN to TO have VB taken VBN place NN ) ) . . Throughout IN Jerusalem NNP COMMA COMMA other JJ spots NNS important JJ to TO Jesus NNP 's POS life NN were VBD commemorated VBN with IN religious JJ structures NNS . . Pilgrims NNS came VBD from IN all RB over RB the DT Roman JJ ( ( and CC COMMA COMMA later RB COMMA COMMA Byzantine JJ ) ) Empire NN during IN the DT following VBG centuries NNS COMMA COMMA but CC the DT prosperity NN they PRP brought VBD lasted VBD only RB until IN 614 CD COMMA COMMA when WRB Persian JJ armies NNS overtook VBD Judea NNP and CC reduced VBD Jerusalem NNP to TO rubble NN again RB . . In IN 629 CD COMMA COMMA Jerusalem NNP was VBD recaptured VBN by IN the DT Byzantines NNPS . . Still RB reeling VBG from IN the DT effects NNS of IN the DT Persian JJ devastation NN COMMA COMMA Jerusalem NNP was VBD conquered VBN in IN 638 CD by IN the DT forces NNS of IN Islam NNP . . The DT Temple NNP Mount NNP was VBD identified VBN in IN Islamic JJ tradition NN as IN " '' the DT farthest JJS spot NN " '' ( ( in IN Arabic NNP COMMA COMMA el-aksa FW ) ) COMMA COMMA the DT site NN to TO which WDT the DT Prophet NNP Muhammad NNP was VBD transported VBN in IN one CD night NN from IN Mecca NNP on IN a DT winged JJ horse NN COMMA COMMA as IN described VBN in IN the DT 17th JJ chapter NN of IN the DT Koran NNP . . From IN here RB the DT Prophet NNP ascended VBD to TO the DT heavens NNS and CC was VBD permitted VBN to TO glimpse VB paradise NN . . The DT rock NN on IN the DT Temple NNP Mount NNP from IN which WDT he PRP ascended VBD COMMA COMMA at IN or CC close RB to TO the DT site NN of IN the DT ruined VBN Temple NNP COMMA COMMA was VBD commemorated VBN by IN the DT construction NN of IN the DT Dome NNP of IN the DT Rock NNP in IN 691 CD . . The DT Dome NNP of IN the DT Rock NNP remains VBZ Jerusalem NNP 's POS most RBS striking JJ monument NN ; COMMA it PRP is VBZ counted VBN among IN the DT most RBS beautiful JJ buildings NNS ever RB created VBN . . By IN about IN 715 CD COMMA COMMA the DT El-Aksa NNP Mosque NNP COMMA COMMA third RB holiest JJS place NN of IN prayer NN in IN Islam NNP ( ( after IN Mecca NNP and CC Medina NNP ) ) COMMA COMMA had VBD been VBN built VBN on IN the DT southern JJ side NN of IN the DT Temple NNP Mount NNP . . Jerusalem NNP continued VBD under IN Islamic JJ rule NN for IN the DT next JJ four CD and CC a DT half NN centuries NNS . . In IN 1099 CD COMMA COMMA under IN their PRP$ leaders NNS Godfrey NNP de NNP Bouillon NNP and CC Tancred NNP COMMA COMMA the DT Crusaders NNPS captured VBD the DT Holy NNP City NNP for IN Christendom NNP by IN slaughtering VBG both CC Muslims NNPS and CC Jews NNPS . . Crusaders NNPS COMMA COMMA Mamelukes NNPS COMMA COMMA and CC Turks NNPS The DT Crusaders NNPS established VBD a DT feudal JJ Christian JJ state NN with IN Godfrey NNP at IN its PRP$ head NN . . They PRP built VBD many JJ impressive JJ churches NNS during IN the DT term NN of IN the DT first JJ Latin NNP Kingdom NNP of IN Jerusalem NNP COMMA COMMA but CC in IN 1187 CD they PRP were VBD driven VBN out RP by IN Muslim NNP forces NNS under IN the DT great JJ warrior NN Saladin NNP . . During IN the DT Sixth NNP Crusade NNP ( ( 1228 CD - SYM 1229 CD ) ) COMMA COMMA the DT Holy NNP Roman NNP Emperor NNP Frederick NNP II NNP managed VBD to TO secure VB Jerusalem NNP for IN the DT Christians NNPS by IN negotiation NN . . The DT Christians NNPS COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA could MD not RB hold VB the DT city NN . . After IN they PRP lost VBD Jerusalem NNP COMMA COMMA a DT Mongol NNP invasion NN swept VBD through RB COMMA COMMA and CC in IN 1244 CD the DT Mameluke NNP dynasty NN of IN Egypt NNP took VBD control NN COMMA COMMA ruling VBG Jerusalem NNP for IN the DT next JJ 250 CD years NNS . . The DT city NN struggled VBD to TO rebuild VB from IN Crusader NNP wars NNS and CC invasions NNS . . Much JJ of IN the DT best JJS Islamic JJ architecture NN in IN the DT city NN was VBD constructed VBN in IN the DT Mameluke NNP era NN COMMA COMMA but CC the DT past JJ thousand CD years NNS had VBD taken VBN their PRP$ toll NN : : Jerusalem NNP was VBD unable JJ to TO regain VB the DT prosperity NN it PRP had VBD enjoyed VBN in IN earlier JJR times NNS . . In IN the DT early JJ 16th JJ century NN COMMA COMMA the DT Ottoman NNP Turkish NNP Empire NNP was VBD advancing VBG through IN the DT Middle NNP East NNP . . Jerusalem NNP fell VBD to TO the DT Ottomans NNPS in IN 1517 CD COMMA COMMA remaining VBG under IN their PRP$ control NN for IN 400 CD years NNS . . Suleiman NNP the DT Magnificent NNP rebuilt VBD the DT walls NNS and CC gates NNS in IN the DT form NN they PRP retain VBP to TO this DT day NN . . Fountains NNS COMMA COMMA inns NNS COMMA COMMA religious JJ schools NNS COMMA COMMA and CC barracks NNS were VBD constructed VBN . . But CC when WRB Suleiman NNP died VBD COMMA COMMA his PRP$ empire NN COMMA COMMA including VBG Jerusalem NNP COMMA COMMA began VBD a DT long JJ period NN of IN decline NN . . The DT Holy NNP City NNP remained VBD a DT backwater NN until IN the DT 19th JJ century NN COMMA COMMA when WRB renewed VBN interest NN among IN Christian JJ pilgrims NNS made VBD it PRP the DT destination NN of IN thousands NNS of IN travelers NNS each DT year NN . . 19th JJ - HYPH Century NN Aspirations NNS At IN the DT same JJ time NN COMMA COMMA many JJ Jews NNPS sought VBD religious JJ freedom NN and CC fulfillment NN by IN moving VBG to TO Palestine NNP ( ( as IN the DT Holy NNP Land NNP was VBD traditionally RB called VBN ) ) and CC especially RB to TO Jerusalem NNP . . In IN the DT 1890s CD COMMA COMMA Theodor NNP Herzl NNP ( ( 1860 CD - SYM 1904 CD ) ) worked VBD to TO organize VB a DT movement NN COMMA COMMA Zionism NNP COMMA COMMA to TO create VB a DT Jewish JJ state NN . . Chaim NNP Weizmann NNP ( ( 1874 CD - SYM 1952 CD ) ) COMMA COMMA a DT scientist NN born VBN in IN Russia NNP but CC later RB a DT British JJ subject NN COMMA COMMA did VBD much JJ to TO put VB Herzl NNP 's POS hopes NNS into IN practice NN . . Weizmann NNP was VBD an DT important JJ figure NN in IN the DT negotiations NNS with IN the DT British JJ government NN that WDT led VBD to TO the DT Balfour NNP Declaration NNP of IN 1917 CD COMMA COMMA supporting VBG the DT idea NN of IN a DT Jewish JJ " '' national JJ home NN " '' in IN Palestine NNP that WDT also RB respected VBD the DT rights NNS of IN existing VBG non-Jewish JJ people NNS already RB living VBG there RB . . The DT problem NN was VBD that IN British JJ strategists NNS COMMA COMMA who WP were VBD fighting VBG the DT Ottoman NNP Turks NNS in IN 1917 CD COMMA COMMA had VBD secretly RB promised VBN the DT lands NNS to TO their PRP$ World NNP War NNP I NNP Arab JJ allies NNS . . In IN 1922 CD the DT League NNP of IN Nations NNPS granted VBD the DT British NNP a DT mandate NN to TO administer VB Palestine NNP . . Jerusalem NNP flourished VBD during IN the DT early JJ years NNS of IN the DT Mandate NNP . . Modern JJ neighborhoods NNS COMMA COMMA hospitals NNS COMMA COMMA schools NNS COMMA COMMA and CC the DT Hebrew NNP University NNP were VBD built VBN in IN West NNP Jerusalem NNP COMMA COMMA the DT new JJ Jewish JJ enclave NN . . But CC Arab JJ opposition NN to TO new JJ Jewish JJ immigration NN and CC construction NN in IN Palestine NNP led VBD to TO increasing VBG strife NN ; COMMA by IN 1946 CD COMMA COMMA Jerusalem NNP was VBD an DT armed JJ camp NN . . In IN 1947 CD the DT United NNP Nations NNP voted VBD for IN the DT partition NN of IN Palestine NNP into IN two CD states NNS COMMA COMMA one CD Jewish JJ and CC one CD Arab JJ COMMA COMMA with IN Jerusalem NNP as IN an DT international JJ city NN that WDT belonged VBD to TO neither DT . . But CC lacking VBG the DT means NNS to TO enforce VB its PRP$ decision NN COMMA COMMA the DT United NNP Nations NNP was VBD powerless JJ to TO halt VB the DT fighting NN that WDT erupted VBD as IN the DT British NNPS withdrew VBD their PRP$ troops NNS in IN 1948 CD . . Modern JJ Israel NNP The DT State NNP of IN Israel NNP was VBD declared VBN during IN this DT difficult JJ time NN . . In IN response NN COMMA COMMA member NN states NNS of IN the DT Arab NNP League NNP sent VBD troops NNS to TO help VB the DT Palestinian JJ Arabs NNPS . . West NNP Jerusalem NNP COMMA COMMA separated VBN from IN the DT rest NN of IN the DT new JJ Jewish JJ nation NN COMMA COMMA held VBD out RP under IN siege NN for IN several JJ months NNS until IN Israeli JJ forces NNS secured VBD a DT land NN corridor NN connecting VBG the DT city NN to TO the DT coastal JJ areas NNS . . Jews NNPS were VBD evacuated VBN from IN the DT Old NNP City NNP 's POS Jewish NNP Quarter NNP COMMA COMMA and CC thousands NNS of IN Arab JJ families NNS fled VBD their PRP$ homes NNS in IN West NNP Jerusalem NNP . . As IN a DT result NN of IN armistice NN agreements NNS in IN 1949 CD COMMA COMMA Jerusalem NNP was VBD divided VBN : : West NNP Jerusalem NNP was VBD to TO be VB under IN Israeli JJ control NN COMMA COMMA and CC East NNP Jerusalem NNP ( ( including VBG the DT Old NNP City NNP COMMA COMMA with IN its PRP$ Jewish JJ COMMA COMMA Muslim JJ COMMA COMMA Christian JJ COMMA COMMA and CC Armenian JJ quarters NNS ) ) came VBD under IN Jordanian JJ authority NN . . Free JJ access NN to TO holy JJ sites NNS for IN members NNS of IN all DT religions NNS was VBD guaranteed VBN by IN the DT armistice NN agreements NNS . . However RB COMMA COMMA with IN the DT city NN partitioned VBN by IN fortifications NNS and CC barbed JJ wire NN COMMA COMMA no DT Israeli JJ or CC Jewish JJ pilgrims NNS were VBD allowed VBN to TO visit VB the DT Western NNP Wall NNP or CC other JJ Jewish JJ sites NNS in IN East NNP Jerusalem NNP . . For IN the DT next JJ 19 CD years NNS COMMA COMMA Jerusalem NNP was VBD two CD cities NNS . . Political JJ and CC religious JJ boundaries NNS were VBD aggravated VBN by IN occasional JJ incidents NNS of IN terrorism NN or CC sniping NN until IN the DT Six NNP Day NNP War NNP in IN June NNP 1967 CD . . Within IN three CD days NNS the DT city NN was VBD completely RB in IN Israeli JJ hands NNS COMMA COMMA and CC in IN two CD weeks NNS it PRP was VBD physically RB and CC administratively RB reunited VBN . . Jerusalem NNP 's POS mayor NN COMMA COMMA Teddy NNP Kollek NNP COMMA COMMA spent VBD the DT next JJ 25 CD years NNS orchestrating VBG a DT vast JJ program NN of IN development NN COMMA COMMA adding VBG new JJ cultural JJ institutions NNS and CC parks NNS and CC instituting VBG neighborhood NN restoration NN projects NNS while IN tirelessly RB mediating VBG the DT concerns NNS of IN Jerusalem NNP 's POS many JJ communities NNS . . Today NN COMMA COMMA as IN always RB COMMA COMMA Jerusalem NNP is VBZ a DT city NN of IN controversies NNS : : religious JJ Jews NNS in IN conflict NN with IN secular JJ Jews NNS ; : Palestinians NNPS calling VBG for IN independence NN ; : many JJ residents NNS protesting VBG a DT wave NN of IN high-rise NN development NN that WDT many JJ claim VBP will MD turn VB the DT Holy NNP City NNP into IN a DT holy JJ megalopolis NN . . But CC the DT ideas NNS and CC mystique NN that WDT have VBP always RB made VBN this DT an DT extraordinarily RB special JJ place NN rise VBP above IN the DT ebbing VBG and CC flowing VBG concerns NNS of IN present JJ - HYPH day NN Jerusalem NN as IN it PRP continues VBZ to TO tug VB at IN the DT world NN 's POS attention NN into IN the DT new JJ millennium NN . . A DT Physics NN of IN Semantics NNS ? . Each DT of IN the DT chapters NNS of IN Investigations NNS broaches VBZ new JJ territory NN . . Each DT is VBZ tentative JJ and CC incomplete JJ COMMA COMMA pointing VBG but RB not RB fully RB adequate JJ . . Yet CC COMMA COMMA I PRP persistently RB hope VBP COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ better JJR to TO light VB one CD candle NN against IN ... COMMA what WP ? . the DT darkness NN ? . the DT veil NN beyond IN which WDT we PRP have VBP had VBN no DT framework NN of IN questions NNS before RB ? . There EX are VBP grounds NNS COMMA COMMA reasoned VBN about IN by IN the DT best JJS of IN philosophers NNS and CC scientists NNS of IN the DT past JJ several JJ centuries NNS COMMA COMMA to TO doubt VB a DT physics NN of IN semantics NNS . . We PRP are VBP on IN shaky JJ ground NN . . Yet CC when WRB the DT first JJ hard JJ frost NN comes VBZ COMMA COMMA when WRB the DT birches NNS have VBP been VBN swung VBN COMMA COMMA their PRP$ crimson JJ leaves NNS scattered VBN carelessly RB COMMA COMMA when WRB crystals NNS splint VBP shallow JJ ponds NNS and CC old JJ egrets NNS stand VBP dark JJ watch VBP the DT coming VBG dawn NN COMMA COMMA long-legged JJ COMMA COMMA knowing VBG how WRB winter NN is VBZ thin JJ COMMA COMMA when WRB the DT first JJ phase NN transition NN of IN water NN to TO ice NN forms VBZ slight JJ solidity NN across IN meadow NN streams NNS COMMA COMMA small JJ creatures NNS of IN flesh NN and CC concept NN tiptoe VBP gingerly RB to TO some DT far JJ side NN where WRB COMMA COMMA perhaps RB COMMA COMMA something NN new JJ is VBZ to TO be VB found VBN . . We PRP have VBP lacked VBN a DT physical JJ definition NN of IN an DT autonomous JJ agent NN COMMA COMMA able JJ to TO manipulate VB the DT universe NN on IN its PRP$ own JJ behalf NN — : the DT egret NN whose WP$ foreboding NN of IN winter NN leads VBZ to TO lifted VBN wing NN and CC steady JJ COMMA COMMA powerful JJ flight NN . . The DT egret NN is VBZ as RB much RB a DT part NN of IN physical JJ reality NN as IN the DT atom NN COMMA COMMA and CC perhaps RB more RBR than IN the DT vaunted JJ quark NN . . But CC autonomous JJ agents NNS COMMA COMMA we PRP who WP do VBP daily RB manipulate VB the DT world NN on IN our PRP$ own JJ behalf NN COMMA COMMA we PRP to TO whom WP " '' intentionality NN " '' and CC " '' purpose NN " '' are VBP so RB inevitably RB attributed VBN by IN our PRP$ common JJ languages NNS COMMA COMMA we PRP are VBP COMMA COMMA by IN my PRP$ definition NN of IN autonomous JJ agents NNS COMMA COMMA also RB nothing NN but IN physical JJ systems NNS with IN a DT peculiar JJ organization NN of IN processes NNS and CC properties NNS . . If IN the DT concept NN of IN autonomous JJ agents NNS were VBD something NN like IN a DT useful JJ — : more RBR COMMA COMMA a DT proper JJ — : definition NN of IN life NN itself PRP COMMA COMMA then RB autonomous JJ agents NNS span VBP the DT gap NN from IN the DT merely RB physical JJ to TO that DT new JJ realm NN of IN the DT merely RB physical JJ where WRB " '' purpose NN " '' is VBZ ascribed VBN by IN all DT of IN us PRP to TO one CD another DT . . Semantics NNS enters VBZ with IN purpose NN . . For IN this DT to TO be VB true JJ COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ not RB necessary JJ that IN the DT carriers NNS of IN purpose NN COMMA COMMA say VB COMMA COMMA the DT same JJ bacterium NN heading VBG upstream RB in IN the DT glucose JJ gradient NN COMMA COMMA be VB conscious JJ . . I PRP hope VBP my PRP$ definition NN of IN an DT autonomous JJ agent NN is VBZ useful JJ COMMA COMMA an DT autocatalytic JJ system NN carrying VBG out RP a DT work NN cycle NN COMMA COMMA now RB rather RB broadened VBN by IN the DT realization NN that IN autonomous JJ agents NNS also RB do VBP often RB detect VB and CC measure VB and CC record VB displacements NNS of IN external JJ systems NNS from IN equilibrium NN that WDT can MD be VB used VBN to TO extract VB work NN COMMA COMMA then RB do VBP extract VB work NN COMMA COMMA propagating VBG work NN and CC constraint NN construction NN COMMA COMMA from IN their PRP$ environment NN . . Know-how NN Bring VB ourselves PRP empathetically RB and CC objectively RB back RB three CD billion CD years NNS to TO the DT mixed JJ microbial JJ community NN flourishing VBG right RB about RB where WRB most JJS of IN us PRP are VBP now RB COMMA COMMA plus CC or CC minus CC a DT modicum NN of IN layers NNS of IN surface NN crustal JJ material NN . . I PRP want VBP to TO say VB that IN the DT autonomous JJ agents NNS comprising VBG that DT community NN had VBD COMMA COMMA individually RB and CC collectively RB COMMA COMMA the DT embodied VBN know-how NN to TO get VB on RP with IN making VBG a DT living NN in IN the DT natural JJ games NNS that WDT constituted VBD their PRP$ world NN . . Indeed RB COMMA COMMA as IN I PRP have VBP emphasized VBN before RB COMMA COMMA a DT biosphere NN is VBZ a DT self NN - HYPH consistent JJ coconstruction NN of IN autonomous JJ agents NNS COMMA COMMA ways NNS of IN making VBG a DT living NN COMMA COMMA and CC the DT search NN procedures NNS COMMA COMMA mutation NN COMMA COMMA recombination NN COMMA COMMA as RB well RB as IN behavioral JJ search NN open JJ to TO autonomous JJ agents NNS . . Those DT means NNS of IN making VBG a DT living NN that WDT were VBD well RB searched VBN out RP and CC mastered VBN by IN the DT agents NNS and CC their PRP$ search NN procedures NNS became VBD the DT kinds NNS of IN " '' jobs NNS " '' that WDT were VBD widely RB filled VBN COMMA COMMA the DT abundant JJ niches NNS of IN the DT bio-sphere NN . . There EX is VBZ in IN this DT whole JJ self NN - HYPH constructing VBG system NN a DT wider JJR know-how NN COMMA COMMA beyond IN the DT know-how NN of IN any DT single JJ autonomous JJ agent NN spinning VBG eagerly RB in IN its PRP$ microenvironment NN . . Yet CC COMMA COMMA clearly RB COMMA COMMA the DT know-how NN is VBZ distributed VBN . . There EX is VBZ no DT autonomous JJ agent NN COMMA COMMA no DT one NN COMMA COMMA who WP knows VBZ how WRB the DT whole JJ system NN works VBZ COMMA COMMA any DT more RBR than IN anyone NN at IN present JJ knows VBZ how WRB the DT global JJ economic JJ system NN works VBZ in IN its PRP$ myriad JJ interactions NNS COMMA COMMA deals NNS COMMA COMMA steals NNS COMMA COMMA hopes NNS COMMA COMMA and CC frustrations NNS . . What WP in IN the DT world NN is VBZ " '' know-how NN " '' ? . Philosophers NNS distinguish VBP between IN " '' know-how NN " '' and CC " '' know NN that NN . . " '' I PRP know VBP how WRB to TO tie VB my PRP$ shoes NNS and CC am VBP learning VBG how WRB to TO play VB jazz NN drums NNS . . " '' Know NN that NN " '' concerns VBZ propositions NNS COMMA COMMA most RBS conveniently RB COMMA COMMA human JJ propositions NNS . . I PRP know VBP that IN the DT moon NN is VBZ — : they PRP tell VBP me PRP — : not RB made VBN of IN green JJ cheese NN . . I PRP know VBP that IN the DT earth NN circles VBZ the DT sun NN COMMA COMMA that IN the DT earth NN is VBZ roughly RB spherical JJ COMMA COMMA that IN chairs NNS are VBP used VBN to TO sit VB on IN . . " '' Know NN that NN " '' brings VBZ with IN it PRP the DT standard JJ and CC nonstandard JJ issues NNS of IN the DT truth NN or CC falseness NN of IN propositions NNS as IN they PRP report VBP states NNS of IN the DT world NN . . Perhaps RB higher JJR primates NNS who WP are VBP trained VBN to TO manipulate VB simple JJ symbols NNS with IN apparent JJ reference NN to TO the DT world NN also RB can MD " '' know VB that DT " '' with IN respect NN to TO propositions NNS . . Unlike IN " '' know NN that NN COMMA COMMA " '' " '' know-how NN " '' does VBZ not RB involve VB propositions NNS about IN the DT world NN . . " '' Know-how NN " '' involves VBZ procedural JJ knowledge NN about IN how WRB to TO get VB on RP in IN the DT world NN . . The DT cheetah NN streaking VBG after IN the DT wildebeest NN COMMA COMMA the DT athletic JJ genius NN high NN jumping VBG COMMA COMMA have VBP the DT know-how NN to TO do VB it PRP . . Does VBZ a DT bacterium NN know VB how WRB to TO make VB a DT living NN in IN its PRP$ world NN ? . I PRP certainly RB want VBP to TO say VB yes UH COMMA COMMA without IN attributing VBG consciousness NN in IN any DT way NN . . Watch VB the DT myriad JJ subtle JJ turnings NNS on RP and CC off RP of IN genes NNS COMMA COMMA metabolic JJ switching NN COMMA COMMA mechanical JJ twitching NN COMMA COMMA sensing NN of IN glucose JJ gradient NN COMMA COMMA swimming NN and CC tumbling NN upstream RB to TO higher JJR glucose NN concentrations NNS . . It PRP knows VBZ how WRB all RB right RB COMMA COMMA even RB if IN it PRP can MD not RB talk VB about IN how WRB it PRP gets VBZ on RP with IN its PRP$ business NN . . But CC then RB COMMA COMMA try VB to TO talk VB about IN tying VBG your PRP$ shoes NNS or CC the DT skilled JJ driving NN when WRB you PRP become VBP aware JJ some DT dozens NNS of IN miles NNS down IN the DT road NN that IN you PRP have VBP accomplished VBN the DT tasks NNS without IN paying VBG the DT slightest JJS focused VBN attention NN . . Thank VBP God NNP for IN know-how NN . . Know NN that NN is VBZ a DT thin JJ veneer NN on IN a DT four CD - HYPH billion CD - HYPH year NN - HYPH old JJ know-how NN skill NN abundant JJ in IN the DT biosphere NN . . But CC any DT autonomous JJ agent NN proliferating VBG alone RB or CC in IN a DT congery NN of IN other JJ agents NNS COMMA COMMA it PRP would MD seem VB COMMA COMMA is VBZ also RB graced VBN by IN the DT selfsame JJ know-how NN . . If IN we PRP synthesize VBP autonomous JJ agents NNS in IN the DT next JJ decades NNS and CC they PRP coevolve VBP under IN our PRP$ rapt NN gaze NN over IN months NNS or CC years NNS into IN a DT modestly RB complex JJ ecosystem NN brimming VBG with IN novel JJ life NN forms NNS COMMA COMMA they PRP too RB will MD know VB how WRB to TO make VB a DT living NN in IN their PRP$ mutually RB created VBN world NN plus CC the DT boundary JJ conditions NNS we PRP more RBR or CC less RBR intelligently RB impose VBP on IN them PRP . . The DT know-how NN is VBZ COMMA COMMA in IN these DT terms NNS COMMA COMMA nothing NN but IN another DT view NN of IN the DT propagating VBG closures NNS of IN catalysis NN COMMA COMMA work NN tasks NNS COMMA COMMA sensing NN COMMA COMMA recording NN COMMA COMMA and CC acting NN that WDT we PRP now RB recognize VBP as IN inherent JJ in IN the DT doings NNS of IN autonomous JJ agents NNS . . The DT know-how NN is VBZ not RB outside IN that DT propagating VBG organization NN . . The DT know-how NN is VBZ the DT propagating VBG organization NN . . Semantics NNS All DT of IN which WDT brings VBZ us PRP COMMA COMMA inevitably RB COMMA COMMA to TO the DT brink NN of IN semantics NNS . . It PRP is VBZ simple JJ at IN its PRP$ roots NNS COMMA COMMA you PRP see VBP . . An DT incoming JJ molecular JJ species NNS arriving VBG in IN the DT interior NN of IN an DT autonomous JJ agent NN really RB is VBZ ( ( i LS ) ) food NN ; COMMA ( ( ii LS ) ) poison NN ; COMMA ( ( iii LS ) ) a DT signal NN ; COMMA ( ( iv LS ) ) neutral JJ ; COMMA ( ( v LS ) ) something NN else RB . . Once RB there EX is VBZ an DT autonomous JJ agent NN COMMA COMMA there EX is VBZ a DT semantics NNS from IN its PRP$ privileged JJ point NN of IN view NN . . The DT incoming JJ molecule NN is VBZ " '' yuck NN " '' or CC " '' yum NN . . " '' I PRP think VBP the DT major JJ conceptual JJ step NN to TO yuck NN or CC yum NN is VBZ unavoidable JJ once IN there EX is VBZ an DT autonomous JJ agent NN . . And CC I PRP think VBP we PRP have VBP roughly RB the DT Darwinian JJ criteria NNS in IN mind NN . . If IN yum NN COMMA COMMA then RB there EX will MD probably RB be VB more JJR of IN this DT type NN of IN agent NN COMMA COMMA offsprings NNS of IN the DT first JJ . . If IN yuck NN COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ not RB so RB likely JJ this DT lineage NN will MD prosper VB . . Once IN yuck NN and CC yum NN COMMA COMMA we PRP are VBP not RB far RB from IN C. NNP S. NNP Pierce NNP 's POS meaning NN - HYPH laden VBN semiotic JJ triad NN : : sign NN COMMA COMMA signified VBN COMMA COMMA significans FW . . Like VBP it PRP or CC not RB COMMA COMMA the DT glucose JJ gradient NN is VBZ a DT sign NN COMMA COMMA a DT predictor NN COMMA COMMA of IN " '' more JJR glucose NN that DT way NN . . " '' Granted VBN COMMA COMMA the DT glucose NN is VBZ not RB an DT arbitrary JJ symbol NN COMMA COMMA any RB more RBR than IN a DT cloud NN is VBZ an DT arbitrary JJ symbol NN of IN rain NN . . In IN this DT restricted JJ sense NN COMMA COMMA signs NNS are VBP causally RB correlated VBN with IN that DT which WDT is VBZ signified VBN . . By IN contrast NN COMMA COMMA the DT relation NN between IN the DT word NN " '' chair NN " '' and CC that DT which WDT it PRP signifies VBZ COMMA COMMA and CC on IN which WDT I PRP am VBP now RB sitting VBG COMMA COMMA is VBZ arbitrary JJ . . But CC can MD chemical NN signals NNS in IN bacterial JJ and CC plant NN and CC human JJ communities NNS be VB arbitrary JJ from IN a DT chemical JJ causal JJ point NN of IN view NN ? . If IN so RB COMMA COMMA can MD " '' mere JJ chemicals NNS " '' be VB signs NNS in IN the DT full JJ Piercean JJ sense NN ? . I PRP believe VBP it PRP is VBZ clear JJ that IN mere JJ chemistry NN in IN an DT autonomous JJ agent NN can MD harbor VB symbols NNS and CC signs NNS in IN the DT full JJ senses NNS of IN the DT words NNS . . Consider VB first RB the DT famous JJ genetic JJ code NN . . Triplets NNS of IN nucleotides NNS in IN an DT RNA NN molecule NN stand VBP for IN specific JJ amino NN acids NNS that WDT will MD end VB up RP incorporated VBN into IN a DT protein NN . . The DT detailed JJ causal JJ machinery NN involves VBZ transfer NN RNA NN molecules NNS with IN their PRP$ anticodon NN site NN and CC the DT distant JJ site NN to TO which WDT amino NN acids NNS are VBP attached VBN COMMA COMMA the DT aminoacyle NN transferase NN enzymes NNS that WDT charge VBP the DT amino NN acid NN binding NN site NN of IN each DT transfer NN RNA NN with IN the DT proper JJ amino NN acid NN among IN the DT twenty CD amino NN acids NNS COMMA COMMA the DT binding NN of IN the DT charged VBN transfer NN RNA NN 's POS anticodon NN site NN to TO the DT proper JJ RNA NN code NN word NN triplet NN COMMA COMMA the DT ribosome NN that WDT glides VBZ between IN adjacent JJ charged VBN transfer NN RNA NN molecules NNS and CC links VBZ the DT successive JJ amino NN acids NNS into IN the DT growing VBG polypeptide NN chain NN that WDT hangs VBZ free JJ in IN the DT cytoplasm NN COMMA COMMA tethered VBN by IN the DT ribosome NN to TO the DT messenger NN RNA NN molecule NN as IN it PRP is VBZ " '' translated VBN . . " '' The DT arbitrariness NN of IN the DT genetic NN code NN is VBZ exemplified VBN by IN the DT evolution NN of IN novel JJ transfer NN RNA NN molecules NNS COMMA COMMA which WDT translate VBP a DT given VBN messenger NN RNA NN code NN word NN triplet NN into IN a DT different JJ amino NN acid NN . . As IN J. NNP Monod NNP properly RB emphasized VBD three CD decades NNS ago RB in IN a DT slightly RB different JJ context NN concerning VBG activation NN and CC inhibition NN of IN enzymes NNS at IN allosteric JJ sites NNS on IN the DT enzyme NN that WDT are VBP distant JJ from IN the DT catalytic JJ site NN COMMA COMMA the DT relation NN of IN chemical JJ structures NNS that WDT achieve VBP control NN of IN catalysis NN are VBP utterly RB arbitrary JJ with IN respect NN to TO the DT chemical JJ structures NNS that WDT undergo VBP the DT catalysis NN . . The DT same JJ is VBZ true JJ of IN the DT transfer NN RNA NN where WRB the DT anticodon NN site NN is VBZ distant JJ from IN the DT amino NN acid NN binding NN site NN . . Because IN of IN this DT COMMA COMMA which WDT amino NN acid NN is VBZ charged VBN onto IN a DT particular JJ transfer NN RNA NN is VBZ utterly RB arbitrary JJ and CC controlled VBN by IN the DT aminoacyle JJ transferase NN enzyme NN that WDT does VBZ the DT charging NN COMMA COMMA plus CC the DT structure NN of IN the DT amino NN acid NN binding NN site NN on IN the DT transfer NN RNA NN . . Both DT of IN these DT can MD be VB altered VBN without IN altering VBG the DT anticodon NN - HYPH codon NN matching NN mechanism NN . . In IN short JJ COMMA COMMA chemistry NN allows VBZ arbitrary JJ organizations NNS of IN control NN relations NNS . . It PRP seems VBZ fully RB legitimate JJ to TO assign VB the DT concepts NNS of IN sign NN COMMA COMMA signified VBN COMMA COMMA and CC significans FW to TO the DT genetic JJ code NN . . It PRP seems VBZ legitimate JJ to TO extend VB that DT notion NN to TO much JJ of IN the DT subtle JJ signaling NN COMMA COMMA chemical JJ and CC otherwise RB COMMA COMMA within IN and CC between IN autonomous JJ agents NNS COMMA COMMA as IN exemplified VBN by IN plants NNS that WDT upon IN infestation NN by IN a DT particular JJ insect NN secrete VBP a DT secondary JJ metabolite NN chemical NN that WDT " '' warns VBZ " '' other JJ members NNS of IN the DT same JJ species NNS that IN an DT insect NN infestation NN is VBZ happening VBG and CC to TO turn VB on RP defensive JJ anti-insect JJ secondary JJ metabolites NNS . . The DT calculus NN that WDT is VBZ Claude NNP Shannon NNP 's POS elegant JJ information NN theory NN has VBZ always RB been VBN about IN reduction NN of IN uncertainty NN about IN the DT statistics NNS of IN the DT source NN of IN a DT set NN of IN symbols NNS . . Nowhere RB in IN the DT core NN of IN Shannon NNP 's POS work NN concerning VBG the DT encoding NN and CC transmission NN of IN information NN does VBZ the DT meaning NN COMMA COMMA or CC semantics NNS COMMA COMMA of IN the DT information NN enter VB . . This DT is VBZ no DT criticism NN COMMA COMMA and CC is VBZ widely RB known VBN and CC appreciated VBN . . There EX is VBZ COMMA COMMA however RB COMMA COMMA just RB a DT hint NN of IN semantics NNS in IN Shannon NNP 's POS view NN that IN the DT semantics NNS resides VBZ in IN the DT " '' decoder NN . . " '' I PRP can MD not RB buy VB Shannon NNP 's POS view NN unless IN the DT decoder NN is VBZ an DT autonomous JJ agent NN . . If IN not RB COMMA COMMA then RB the DT decoder NN merely RB transforms VBZ a DT bit NN string NN sent VBN along IN a DT communication NN channel NN into IN some DT other JJ discrete JJ or CC continuous JJ dynamics NNS — : perhaps RB a DT set NN of IN water NN - HYPH filled VBN bowls NNS is VBZ drained VBN by IN turning VBG on RP a DT machine NN that WDT opens VBZ valves NNS between IN the DT bowls NNS and CC to TO the DT outside JJ world NN in IN particular JJ ways NNS . . The DT patterns NNS of IN bowl NN drainage NN upon IN receipt NN of IN the DT binary JJ string NN messages NNS sent VBN along IN the DT communication NN channel NN constitutes VBZ the DT decoding NN . . But CC if IN the DT recipient NN is VBZ an DT autonomous JJ agent NN such JJ as IN a DT bacterium NN and CC the DT incoming JJ molecule NN is VBZ a DT symbol-sign NN of IN a DT paramecium NN or CC an DT amoeba NN on IN the DT roam NN and CC the DT bacterium NN swims VBZ away RB and CC avoids VBZ becoming VBG dinner NN COMMA COMMA that DT sequence NN of IN events NNS seems VBZ laden JJ with IN semantics NNS . . If IN only RB the DT bacterium NN could MD tell VB us PRP : : " '' Did VBD you PRP see VB that DT truck NN of IN a DT paramecium NN coming VBG at IN me PRP ? . I PRP 've VBP run VBN into IN that DT one NN before RB ! . I PRP ducked VBD under IN a DT boulder NN COMMA COMMA and CC he PRP never RB sensed VBD me PRP . . I PRP made VBD it PRP home NN . . Pass VB me PRP some DT more JJR glucose NN please UH COMMA COMMA Martha NNP . . " '' I PRP will MD return VB in IN the DT next JJ chapter NN to TO discuss VB such JJ stories NNS COMMA COMMA for CC I PRP will MD say VB that IN we PRP can MD not RB prestate VB the DT configuration NN space NN of IN a DT biosphere NN and CC COMMA COMMA therefore RB COMMA COMMA can MD not RB deduce VB that DT which WDT will MD unfold VB . . Thus RB COMMA COMMA among IN other JJ things NNS COMMA COMMA we PRP must MD tell VB stories NNS to TO understand VB the DT oriented JJ actions NNS of IN agents NNS in IN their PRP$ worlds NNS . . Do VB not RB be VB overly RB quick JJ to TO accuse VB me PRP of IN anthropomorphizing NN . . I PRP too RB know VBP the DT risks NNS COMMA COMMA including VBG the DT common JJ claim NN that IN we PRP can MD always RB in IN principle NN translate VB from IN " '' intentional JJ talk NN " '' to TO the DT fully RB predictive JJ causal JJ account NN of IN the DT events NNS in IN question NN . . But CC patience NN . . Not RB only RB are VBP we PRP unable JJ to TO prestate VB the DT configuration NN space NN of IN a DT biosphere NN and CC predict VB what WP will MD unfold VB COMMA COMMA but CC we PRP also RB can MD not RB even RB translate VB — : in IN the DT sense NN of IN necessary JJ and CC sucient JJ conditions NN from IN legal JJ talk NN to TO normal JJ intentional JJ talk NN COMMA COMMA let VB alone RB from IN legal JJ talk NN of IN Henderson NNP found VBN guilty JJ of IN murder NN to TO a DT physical JJ talk NN about IN sound NN - HYPH wave NN forms NNS monitored VBN and CC masses NNS at IN space NN - HYPH time NN lines NNS as IN a DT description NN . . Then RB let VB 's PRP just RB be VB naive JJ for IN the DT moment NN . . The DT semantics NNS of IN the DT yuck NN or CC yum NN coming VBG into IN a DT simple JJ autonomous JJ agent NN say VB COMMA COMMA an DT early JJ bacterium NN is VBZ somehow RB linked VBN with IN the DT embodied VBN know-how NN of IN that DT agent NN in IN making VBG a DT living NN COMMA COMMA or CC failing VBG to TO make VB a DT living NN COMMA COMMA in IN its PRP$ world NN . . The DT semantics NNS of IN an DT event NN is VBZ some DT subset NN of IN the DT fully RB embroidered VBN COMMA COMMA context NN - HYPH dependent JJ set NN of IN causal JJ implications NNS of IN the DT event NN COMMA COMMA or CC signal NN COMMA COMMA in IN question NN . . " '' For IN want NN of IN a DT nail NN COMMA COMMA the DT shoe NN was VBD lost VBN ; COMMA for IN want NN of IN the DT shoe NN COMMA COMMA the DT horse NN was VBD lost VBN ; COMMA and CC for IN want NN of IN the DT horse NN COMMA COMMA the DT rider NN was VBD lost VBN COMMA COMMA " '' more RBR or CC less RBR COMMA COMMA said VBD Benjamin NNP Franklin NNP . . The DT semantics NNS of IN the DT nail NN is VBZ some DT subset NN of IN this DT embroidered VBN context NN - HYPH dependent JJ set NN of IN implications NNS of IN the DT event NN COMMA COMMA or CC signal NN COMMA COMMA in IN question NN to TO the DT autonomous JJ agents NNS in IN the DT coevolving VBG system NN . . It PRP seems VBZ hard JJ to TO ascribe VB purpose NN COMMA COMMA in IN the DT sense NN of IN acting VBG on IN its PRP$ own JJ behalf NN COMMA COMMA to TO a DT stone NN or CC a DT chair NN and CC easy JJ with IN respect NN to TO an DT alga NN . . Of IN course NN COMMA COMMA there EX is VBZ a DT sense NN in IN which WDT my PRP$ attribution NN of IN semantics NNS to TO autonomous JJ agents NNS is VBZ purely RB tautological JJ . . After IN all DT COMMA COMMA I PRP began VBD by IN stating VBG that IN a DT bacterium NN swimming VBG upstream RB in IN the DT glucose JJ gradient NN was VBD acting VBG on IN its PRP$ own JJ behalf NN in IN an DT environment NN COMMA COMMA defined VBD an DT autonomous JJ agent NN as IN a DT physical JJ system NN able JJ to TO act VB on IN its PRP$ own JJ behalf NN COMMA COMMA then RB asked VBD what WP a DT physical JJ system NN must MD be VB such JJ that IN it PRP can MD act VB on IN its PRP$ own JJ behalf NN . . Now RB COMMA COMMA five CD chapters NNS later RB COMMA COMMA it PRP is VBZ hardly RB an DT independent JJ deduction NN that IN autonomous JJ agents NNS are VBP the DT proposed VBN organization NN of IN matter NN COMMA COMMA energy NN COMMA COMMA and CC organization NN to TO which WDT purposes NNS can MD be VB ascribed VBN in IN the DT sense NN of IN being VBG able JJ to TO act VB on IN their PRP$ own JJ behalf NN . . My PRP$ definition NN is VBZ a DT definitional JJ circle NN . . On IN the DT other JJ hand NN COMMA COMMA while IN the DT definition NN is VBZ circular JJ COMMA COMMA like IN F NN = SYM MA NN and CC Darwin NNP 's POS " '' natural JJ selection NN " '' and CC " '' fitness NN COMMA COMMA " '' that DT does VBZ not RB mean VB that IN the DT set NN of IN codefined JJ concepts NNS surrounding VBG my PRP$ definition NN of IN an DT autonomous JJ agent NN as IN a DT reproducing VBG system NN that WDT does VBZ a DT work NN cycle NN fails VBZ to TO touch VB the DT real JJ world NN . . Stones NNPS and CC chairs NNS are VBP not RB COMMA COMMA by IN my PRP$ definition NN COMMA COMMA autonomous JJ agents NNS . . All DT living VBG cells NNS are VBP . . And CC the DT stunning JJ fact NN directly RB before IN us PRP COMMA COMMA every DT day NN COMMA COMMA is VBZ that IN autonomous JJ agents NNS do VBP manipulate VB the DT world NN on IN their PRP$ own JJ behalf NN . . Watch VB a DT pair NN of IN nesting VBG birds NNS build VB their PRP$ nest NN . . In IN short JJ COMMA COMMA once IN we PRP have VBP autonomous JJ agents NNS and CC yuck NN and CC yum NN COMMA COMMA it PRP appears VBZ that IN semantics NNS enters VBZ the DT universe NN as IN the DT agents NNS coevolve VBP and CC behave VB on IN their PRP$ own JJ behalf NN with IN one CD another DT in IN the DT unfolding NN of IN a DT biosphere NN . . Knowing NN What WP about IN " '' knowing NN " '' ? . Daniel NNP Dennett NNP COMMA COMMA in IN his PRP$ fine JJ book NN Darwin NNP 's POS Dangerous NNP Idea NNP COMMA COMMA advances NNS a DT hierarchy NN of IN forms NNS of IN " '' knowing NN COMMA COMMA " '' if IN I PRP may MD use VB that DT term NN COMMA COMMA that WDT have VBP arisen VBN in IN evolution NN by IN Darwinian JJ means NNS . . I PRP find VBP his PRP$ hierarchy NN congenial JJ and CC informative JJ . . Dennett NNP envisions VBZ evolution NN as IN a DT sequence NN of IN kinds NNS of IN construction NN cranes NNS that WDT bit RB by IN bit RB build VBP up RP higher JJR - HYPH order NN entities NNS via IN variation NN and CC natural JJ selection NN . . I PRP do VBP not RB disagree VB COMMA COMMA although IN I PRP have VBP placed VBD far RB greater JJR emphasis NN on IN the DT roles NNS of IN self-organization NN in IN evolution NN . . Here RB COMMA COMMA in IN Investigations NNPS COMMA COMMA I PRP am VBP trying VBG to TO point VB at IN the DT mysterious JJ but CC utterly RB natural JJ hopefulness NN in IN which WDT an DT increasing VBG diversity NN of IN broken VBN symmetries NNS in IN the DT universe NN creates VBZ the DT diversity NN of IN structures NNS and CC processes NNS that WDT can MD constitute VB and CC identify VB ramified VBN and CC ramifying VBG sources NNS of IN energy NN COMMA COMMA detect VB those DT sources NNS of IN energy NN COMMA COMMA create VB devices NNS and CC processes NNS that WDT couple VBP to TO those DT sources NNS of IN energy NN COMMA COMMA and CC generate VB yet RB more JJR diversity NN that WDT propagates VBZ macroscopic JJ order NN even RB further RBR . . I PRP wonder VBP COMMA COMMA in IN short JJ COMMA COMMA at IN the DT naturalness NN and CC self-generaticity NN of IN Dennett NNP 's POS cranes NNS building VBG cranes NNS building VBG cranes NNS in IN biospheres NNS COMMA COMMA perhaps RB planetary JJ geologies NNS COMMA COMMA and CC beyond RB . . But CC back RB to TO the DT past NN . . Dennett NNP distinguishes VBZ " '' Darwinian JJ creatures NNS COMMA COMMA " '' " '' Pavlovian JJ creatures NNS COMMA COMMA " '' " '' Popperian JJ creatures NNS COMMA COMMA " '' and CC " '' Gregorian JJ creatures NNS . . " '' A DT simple JJ autonomous JJ agent NN COMMA COMMA say VB COMMA COMMA a DT bacterium NN COMMA COMMA is VBZ a DT Darwinian JJ creature NN . . In IN its PRP$ simplest JJS version NN COMMA COMMA the DT creature NN evolves VBZ by IN mutation NN COMMA COMMA also RB recombination NN and CC natural JJ selection NN . . For IN the DT moment NN COMMA COMMA no DT behavioral JJ learning NN is VBZ to TO be VB considered VBN . . So CC one CD ( ( or CC a DT colony NN or CC an DT ecosystem NN ) ) of IN Darwinian JJ creatures NNS adapts VBZ more RBR or CC less RBR as IN Darwin NNP told VBD us PRP . . At IN the DT next JJ level NN up RB COMMA COMMA say VB COMMA COMMA aplysia NN COMMA COMMA a DT nervous JJ system NN is VBZ present JJ COMMA COMMA and CC the DT creature NN is VBZ capable JJ of IN stimulus NN - HYPH response NN learning NN COMMA COMMA à FW la FW Pavlov NNP . . Indeed RB COMMA COMMA aplysia NN can MD learn VB very RB simple JJ conditioned VBN stimuli NN — : the DT later JJR analogue NN is VBZ the DT bell NN causing VBG the DT dog NN to TO salivate VB in IN " '' expectation NN " '' of IN food NN . . At IN the DT next JJ level NN ( ( Dennett NNP COMMA COMMA perhaps RB properly RB COMMA COMMA reserves VBZ this DT for IN us PRP vertebrates NNS ) ) is VBZ the DT Popperian JJ creature NN . . Popperian JJ creatures NNS COMMA COMMA in IN Dennett NNP 's POS fine JJ phrase NN COMMA COMMA have VBP " '' internal JJ models NNS " '' of IN their PRP$ world NN and CC can MD " '' run VB the DT internal JJ model NN " '' with IN the DT clutch NN disengaged VBN COMMA COMMA rather RB than IN running VBG the DT model NN in IN real JJ time NN in IN the DT real JJ world NN . . This DT allows VBZ us PRP lucky JJ Popperian JJ creatures NNS to TO allow VB our PRP$ " '' hypotheses NNS to TO die VB in IN our PRP$ stead NN . . " '' I PRP love VBP that DT image NN . . Beyond IN the DT Popperian JJ is VBZ the DT Gregorian JJ creature NN namely RB COMMA COMMA at IN least JJS humans NNS . . Dennett NNP makes VBZ the DT wonderful JJ argument NN that IN we PRP utilize VBP our PRP$ tools NNS literally RB stone NN knives NNS COMMA COMMA arrows NNS COMMA COMMA digging NN sticks NNS COMMA COMMA machine NN tools NN to TO enlarge VB our PRP$ shared VBN world NN of IN facts NNS and CC processes NNS . . This DT enlarged VBN shared VBN world NN gives VBZ us PRP more JJR know-how NN COMMA COMMA and CC more JJR know NN that NN . . Cultural JJ evolution NN COMMA COMMA at IN some DT point NN COMMA COMMA begins VBZ to TO burst VB out RB - HYPH of IN - HYPH bounds NNS . . Hard JJ rock NN music NN jangles VBZ the DT minarets NNS of IN Iran NNP . . Who WP knows VBZ what WP new JJ cultural JJ forms NNS will MD blossom VB ? . Chinese JJ cooking NN lands VBZ in IN Cuba NNP COMMA COMMA and CC Cuban JJ - HYPH Chinese JJ cuisine NN is VBZ invented VBN . . What WP 's VBZ next RB under IN the DT sun NN ? . Who WP can MD say VB ? . I PRP very RB much RB like VBP Dennett NNP 's POS ladder NN of IN know-how NN COMMA COMMA and CC eventual JJ know NN that NN . . Without IN invoking VBG consciousness NN COMMA COMMA not RB because IN it PRP is VBZ not RB worth JJ invoking VBG but CC because IN so RB little JJ sensible JJ has VBZ ever RB been VBN said VBN on IN the DT subject NN COMMA COMMA it PRP seems VBZ worth JJ asking VBG how WRB much JJ of IN this DT hierarchy NN could MD be VB realized VBN by IN simple JJ molecular JJ systems NNS COMMA COMMA even RB without IN evoking VBG nerve JJ cells NNS . . I PRP would MD think VB a DT lot NN of IN this DT hierarchy NN could MD find VB molecular JJ realizations NNS . . For IN example NN COMMA COMMA bacteria NNS and CC amoebae NNS do VBP have VB a DT kind NN of IN Pavlovian JJ learning NN already RB COMMA COMMA for CC they PRP have VBP receptors NNS that WDT accommodate VBP to TO a DT constant JJ level NN of IN a DT given VBN signal NN ligand NN and CC sense VBP instead RB a DT change NN from IN the DT current JJ level NN . . This DT is VBZ not RB yet RB the DT association NN of IN a DT more RBR or CC less RBR arbitrary JJ conditioned JJ stimulus NN with IN an DT unconditioned JJ stimulus NN COMMA COMMA but CC I PRP can MD imagine VB chemistry NN to TO accomplish VB the DT latter JJ . . As IN neurons NNS are VBP supposed VBN to TO proliferate VB and CC form VB novel JJ synaptic JJ connections NNS that WDT survive VBP if IN used VBN and CC to TO mediate VB the DT linkage NN of IN conditioned JJ to TO unconditioned JJ stimulus NNS-4 COMMA COMMA why WRB not RB envision VB a DT complex JJ chemistry NN COMMA COMMA say VB COMMA COMMA very RB complex JJ carbohydrate NN - HYPH synthesis NN patterns NNS sustained VBN by IN complex JJ sets NNS of IN enzymes NNS whose WP$ activities NNS are VBP modulated VBN by IN the DT dierent JJ carbohydrates NNS themselves PRP COMMA COMMA which WDT is VBZ true JJ of IN contemporary JJ carbohydrate NN metabolism NN . . Such PDT a DT system NN might MD blindly RB try VB out RP variant JJ patterns NNS of IN synthesis NN until IN it PRP could MD establish VB a DT self NN - HYPH sustaining VBG web NN linking VBG the DT carbohydrates NNS COMMA COMMA the DT enzymes NNS COMMA COMMA and CC certain JJ protein NN receptors NNS mediating VBG the DT linkage NN between IN unconditioned JJ and CC conditioned JJ stimulus NNS COMMA COMMA then RB maintain VB that DT linkage NN by IN positive JJ feedback NN loops NNS . . The DT image NN is VBZ not RB too RB far RB from IN how WRB it PRP is VBZ imagined VBN that WDT " '' idiotype NN " '' and CC " '' anti-idiotype NN " '' immune JJ networks NNS work VBP to TO sustain VB synthesis NN of IN a DT set NN of IN desired VBN antibodies NNS against IN an DT incoming JJ pathogen NN . . In IN such JJ networks NNS COMMA COMMA for IN which WDT there EX is VBZ modestly RB good JJ evidence NN COMMA COMMA a DT given VBN first JJ antibody NN serves VBZ as IN an DT antigen NN that WDT stimulates VBZ the DT body NN to TO produce VB a DT second JJ antibody NN that IN binds VBZ to TO the DT unique JJ amino NN acid NN sequences NNS COMMA COMMA called VBN the DT " '' idiotype NN " '' of IN the DT first JJ antibody NN . . In IN turn NN COMMA COMMA the DT second JJ " '' anti-idiotype NN " '' antibody NN stimulates VBZ a DT third JJ COMMA COMMA which WDT stimulates VBZ a DT fourth JJ . . But CC this DT series NN is VBZ likely JJ to TO form VB feedback NN loops NNS because IN the DT first JJ and CC third JJ antibody NN can MD often RB both DT bind VB to TO the DT same JJ site NN on IN the DT second JJ antibody NN COMMA COMMA hence RB COMMA COMMA the DT first JJ and CC third JJ antibodies NNS are VBP similar JJ shapes NNS in IN shape NN space NN . . It PRP is VBZ not RB much JJ of IN a DT stretch NN to TO think VB of IN the DT immune JJ system NN as IN a DT conditioned VBN stimulus NN response NN system NN . . Popperian JJ creatures NNS ? . Why WRB can MD not RB the DT molecular-sensing NN and CC hypothesis-testing NN churning VBG concerns NNS of IN the DT bacterium NN as IN it PRP senses VBZ a DT paramecium NN churn VB twenty CD cycles NNS before IN kicking VBG in RP the DT rotary JJ motor NN COMMA COMMA or CC not RB COMMA COMMA such JJ that IN the DT wee JJ bacterium NN hides VBZ under IN a DT boulder NN of IN a DT grain NN of IN sand NN until IN the DT beast NN passes VBZ by RB ? . Are VBP nerves NNS necessary JJ ? . Plants NNS COMMA COMMA as IN noted VBN COMMA COMMA are VBP said VBN to TO signal VB one NN another DT with IN complex JJ secondary JJ metabolites NNS to TO characterize VB the DT particular JJ kinds NNS of IN insects NNS infesting VBG the DT glade NN . . There EX are VBP arbitrary JJ structural JJ relations NNS between IN the DT metabolite NN and CC the DT insect NN COMMA COMMA just RB as IN symbols NNS in IN human JJ language NN are VBP often RB arbitrary JJ with IN respect NN to TO the DT signified VBN . . Not RB bad JJ for IN nerveless JJ nonvertebrates NNS . . I PRP do VBP get VB stuck JJ at IN Gregorian JJ creatures NNS . . Even RB here RB COMMA COMMA the DT free JJ and CC open JJ creating NN of IN new JJ symbol NN strings NNS in IN a DT language NN COMMA COMMA wherever WRB new JJ sentences NNS can MD be VB created VBN COMMA COMMA is VBZ not RB that RB fundamentally RB different JJ from IN the DT persistent JJ open JJ creation NN of IN new JJ kinds NNS of IN molecules NNS in IN the DT biosphere NN as IN a DT whole NN . . If IN the DT conversation NN we PRP recent JJ two-legged JJ ones NNS are VBP having VBG with IN respect NN to TO our PRP$ digging NN sticks NNS and CC atomic JJ bombs NNS is VBZ impressive JJ COMMA COMMA so RB too RB is VBZ the DT chemical JJ conversation NN in IN any DT full RB - HYPH fledged VBN ecosystem NN COMMA COMMA where WRB we PRP are VBP all DT instrumental JJ in IN the DT lives NNS of IN one CD another DT . . I PRP suppose VBP I PRP am VBP naively RB driven VBN to TO consider VB that IN the DT biosphere NN COMMA COMMA with IN its PRP$ urgent JJ diversity NN in IN which WDT COMMA COMMA emboldened VBN by IN all PDT our PRP$ know-how NN COMMA COMMA we PRP do VBP get VB on RP with IN a DT very RB rich JJ conversation NN COMMA COMMA may MD very RB early RB already RB have VB harbored VBN all PDT the DT levels NNS of IN which WDT Dennett NNP speaks VBZ . . We PRP humans NNS are VBP just RB more RBR gregarious JJ with IN our PRP$ vocal JJ cords NNS and CC e-mail NN COMMA COMMA I PRP guess VBP . . Smart JJ place NN COMMA COMMA a DT biosphere NN COMMA COMMA lots NNS to TO talk VB about IN . . Four CD billion CD years NNS of IN yammering NN . . Slapstick JJ comedy NN may MD have VB started VBN a DT long JJ time NN ago RB . . Ethics NN And CC what WP of IN ethics NNS ? . Does VBZ a DT whiff NN of IN ethical JJ issue NN arise VB with IN autonomous JJ agents NNS ? . Yuck NN or CC yum NN from IN my PRP$ point NN of IN view NN if IN I PRP am VBP an DT autonomous JJ agent NN . . There EX are VBP deep JJ reasons NNS for IN caution NN . . Hume NNP told VBD us PRP long RB ago RB about IN the DT " '' naturalistic JJ fallacy JJ " '' : : One PRP can MD not RB deduce VB " '' ought MD " '' from IN " '' is VBZ . . " '' From IN the DT fact NN that IN mothers NNS care VBP for IN their PRP$ young JJ COMMA COMMA we PRP can MD not RB deduce VB that IN they PRP ought MD to TO do VB so RB COMMA COMMA Hume NNP argued VBD . . From IN the DT fact NN that IN Hitler NNP set VBD out RP to TO conquer VB Europe NNP and CC more JJR and CC to TO kill VB Jewry NNP COMMA COMMA we PRP can MD not RB deduce VB that IN he PRP ought MD to TO have VB done VBN so RB . . Indeed RB COMMA COMMA Hume NNP 's POS injunction NN underlies VBZ the DT caution NN of IN scientists NNS about IN making VBG ethical JJ statements NNS . . We PRP scientists NNS find VBP the DT facts NNS . . You PRP citizens NNS across IN the DT globe NN can MD argue VB the DT ethics NNS . . But CC if IN Hume NNP warns VBZ us PRP not RB to TO deduce VB ought MD from IN is VBZ COMMA COMMA where WRB do VB values NNS come VB from IN at IN all DT ? . Hume NNP 's POS injunction NN against IN deduction NN from IN is VBZ to TO ought MD nevertheless RB began VBD by IN recognizing VBG the DT legitimacy NN of IN the DT category NN " '' ought MD . . " '' The DT efforts NNS following VBG Hume NNP to TO understand VB the DT meaning NN of IN ethical JJ assertions NNS have VBP been VBN long JJ COMMA COMMA twisted JJ COMMA COMMA arduous JJ . . Following VBG the DT dictates NNS of IN the DT logical JJ positivists NNS of IN the DT Vienna NNP Circle NNP that IN only RB those DT statements NNS capable JJ of IN verification NN were VBD meaningful JJ COMMA COMMA philosophers NNS as RB famous JJ as IN G.E. NNP Moore NNP came VBD to TO wonder VB if IN ethical JJ assertions NNS were VBD merely RB emotive JJ utterances NNS . . " `` It PRP is VBZ wrong JJ to TO kill VB . . " '' Becomes VBZ COMMA COMMA " '' Agggah UH ! . " '' Does VBZ the DT positivist NN argument NN seem VB persuasive JJ ? . It PRP has VBZ always RB amused VBN me PRP that IN the DT core NN injunction NN of IN the DT logical JJ positivists NNS COMMA COMMA " '' only RB those DT statements NNS that WDT are VBP empirically RB verifiable JJ are VBP meaningful JJ COMMA COMMA " '' is VBZ itself PRP not RB empirically RB verifiable JJ . . One CD is VBZ reminded VBN of IN something NN about IN hoisting NN and CC petards NNS . . John NNP Rawls NNP of IN Harvard NNP has VBZ argued VBN eloquently RB that IN our PRP$ human JJ notions NNS of IN fairness NN derive VBP from IN what WP we PRP would MD all DT " '' contractually RB " '' agree VB to TO COMMA COMMA were VBD we PRP to TO know VB before IN birth NN that IN we PRP would MD all DT be VB born VBN with IN differing VBG abilities NNS and CC endowments NNS . . Thus RB " '' equality NN before IN the DT law NN " '' is VBZ one CD contract NN that WDT Rawls NNP commends VBZ to TO us PRP . . " '' Equality NN before IN the DT law NN " '' is VBZ far RB more RBR refined JJ than IN the DT yuck NN or CC yum NN of IN the DT bacterium NN . . The DT emergence NN of IN ethics NNS in IN the DT evolution NN of IN life NN on IN this DT planet NN is VBZ a DT fascinating JJ issue NN . . I PRP will MD content VB myself PRP with IN wondering VBG where WRB " '' value NN " '' and CC the DT rudiments NNS of IN " '' intentionality NN " '' come VBP from IN in IN the DT physical JJ universe NN in IN the DT first JJ place NN and CC leave VB social JJ contracts NNS for IN other JJ efforts NNS . . Where WRB is VBZ the DT place NN of IN value NN in IN a DT world NN of IN fact NN ? . So RB COMMA COMMA a DT short JJ soliloquy NN . . Facts NNS are VBP know-that NN statements NNS . . But CC know-how NN preceded VBD know NN that NN . . While IN fully RB aware JJ of IN Hume NNP 's POS injunction NN COMMA COMMA I PRP think VBP that IN from IN the DT autonomous JJ agent NN 's POS perspective NN COMMA COMMA yuck NN or CC yum NN is VBZ primary JJ COMMA COMMA unavoidable JJ COMMA COMMA and CC of IN the DT deepest JJS importance NN to TO that DT agent NN . . I PRP suppose VBP we PRP apply VBP the DT Darwinian JJ criteria NNS . . Too RB much JJ yuck NN COMMA COMMA this DT one CD and CC its PRP$ progeny NN are VBP gone VBN from IN the DT future NN of IN the DT biosphere NN . . Without IN attributing VBG consciousness NN to TO an DT E. NN coli NN COMMA COMMA or CC an DT autonomous JJ agent NN we PRP may MD create VB in IN the DT near JJ future NN COMMA COMMA I PRP can MD not RB help VB but RB feel VB that IN the DT rudiments NNS of IN value NN are VBP present JJ once RB autonomous JJ agents NNS are VBP around RB . . And CC again RB without IN attributing VBG consciousness NN COMMA COMMA once RB an DT autonomous JJ agent NN is VBZ around RB is VBZ the DT rudiment NN of IN intentionality NN present JJ ? . If IN so RB COMMA COMMA another DT cornerstone NN of IN ethical JJ activity NN has VBZ been VBN laid VBN . . Ethical JJ behavior NN requires VBZ first RB the DT logical JJ possibility NN of IN behavior NN for IN which WDT one PRP is VBZ responsible JJ . . You PRP are VBP not RB responsible JJ for IN acts NNS and CC effects NNS beyond IN your PRP$ control NN . . To TO act VB ethically RB COMMA COMMA you PRP must MD first RB be VB able JJ to TO act VB at IN all DT . . But CC what WP are VBP " '' acts NNS " '' in IN the DT first JJ place NN ? . Daniel NNP Yamins NNP is VBZ a DT brilliant JJ young JJ mathematician NN . . Now RB entering VBG Harvard NNP COMMA COMMA Dan NNP spent VBD a DT summer NN with IN me PRP at IN the DT Santa NNP Fe NNP Institute NNP before IN he PRP learned VBD to TO drive VB COMMA COMMA after IN an DT earlier JJR summer NN spent VBN in IN the DT laboratory NN of IN Jack NNP Szostak NNP at IN Harvard NNP COMMA COMMA where WRB COMMA COMMA at IN age NN fourteen CD COMMA COMMA Dan NNP was VBD learning VBG to TO evolve VB RNA NN molecules NNS to TO bind VB arbitrary JJ ligands NNS . . Dan NNP and CC I PRP struggled VBD that DT summer NN to TO make VB the DT distinction NN between IN the DT " '' doings NNS " '' of IN an DT autonomous JJ agent NN and CC mere JJ happenings NNS in IN and CC around IN the DT autonomous JJ agent NN . . Note VB we PRP say VBP the DT E. NN coli NN is VBZ swimming VBG upstream RB in IN the DT glucose JJ gradient NN to TO get VB dinner NN . . But CC all DT sorts NNS of IN molecular JJ vibrational JJ COMMA COMMA rotational JJ COMMA COMMA and CC translational JJ motions NNS are VBP occurring VBG . . What WP are VBP actions NNS and CC what WP are VBP mere JJ happenings NNS ? . I PRP do VBP not RB think VB we PRP were VBD successful JJ in IN drawing VBG a DT clean JJ distinction NN between IN doings NNS and CC happenings NNS with IN clear JJ mathematics NNS . . But CC I PRP sense VBP that IN the DT distinction NN between IN doings NNS and CC happenings NNS COMMA COMMA Dan NNP 's POS happy JJ phrasing NN COMMA COMMA is VBZ relevant JJ for IN E. NN coli NN COMMA COMMA tigers NNS COMMA COMMA us PRP COMMA COMMA trees NNS COMMA COMMA and CC autonomous JJ agents NNS in IN general JJ . . We PRP will MD meet VB a DT similar JJ problem NN in IN the DT next JJ chapter NN when WRB we PRP attempt VBP to TO distinguish VB between IN the DT function NN of IN a DT part NN of IN an DT organism NN and CC the DT other JJ causal JJ consequences NNS of IN that DT part NN of IN the DT organism NN . . Strange JJ and CC interesting JJ COMMA COMMA is VBZ it PRP not RB COMMA COMMA that IN these DT issues NNS all DT seem VBP to TO arise VB with IN autonomous JJ agents NNS but CC not RB otherwise RB ? . Granted VBN that IN we PRP here RB seem VBP to TO confront VB the DT language NN game NN circularity NN alluded VBN to TO earlier RBR COMMA COMMA yet CC I PRP do VBP truly RB think VB that IN the DT rudiments NNS of IN semantics NNS COMMA COMMA intentionality NN COMMA COMMA value NN COMMA COMMA and CC ethics NNS arise VBP with IN autonomous JJ agents NNS . . I PRP do VBP not RB think VB those DT rudiments NNS suffice VBP to TO jump VB over IN Hume NNP 's POS naturalistic JJ fallacy NN . . We PRP can MD not RB deduce VB ought MD from IN is VBZ in IN any DT concrete JJ context NN COMMA COMMA but CC I PRP think VBP we PRP have VBP the DT categories NNS of IN ought MD and CC is VBZ in IN the DT physical JJ universe NN once IN we PRP have VBP autonomous JJ agents NNS . .